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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The paradox of MHC-DRB exon/intron evolution: α-helix and β-sheet encoding regions diverge while hypervariable intronic simple repeats coevolve with β-sheet codons (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 260-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: MHC class II genes ; Polymorphism ; Gene conversion ; Intron preservation ; Artiodactyls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-one different caprine and 13 ovine MHC-DRB exon 2 sequences were determined including part of the adjacent introns containing simple repetitive (gt)n(ga)m elements. The positions for highly polymorphic DRB amino acids vary slightly among ungulates and other mammals. From man and mouse to ungulates the basic (gt)n(ga)m structure is fixed in evolution for 7 × 107 years whereas ample variations exist in the tandem (gt)n and (ga)m dinucleotides and especially their “degenerated” derivatives. Phylogenetic trees for the α-helices and β-pleated sheets of the ungulate DRB sequences suggest different evolutionary histories. In hoofed animals as well as in humans DRB β-sheet encoding sequences and adjacent intronic repeats can be assembled into virtually identical groups suggesting coevolution of noncoding as well as coding DNA. In contrast a-helices and C-terminal parts of the first DRB domain evolve distinctly. In the absence of a defined mechanism causing specific, site-directed mutations, double-recombination or gene-conversion-like events would readily explain this fact. The role of the intronic simple (gt)n(ga)m repeat is discussed with respect to these genetic exchange mechanisms during evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175503
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elternschaftsnachweise bei drei Bruten des Trauerschnäppers (Ficedula hypoleuca) mit jeweils neun Nestlingen (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim Trauerschnäpper (Ficedula hypoleuca) wird normalerweise angenommen, daß auch ungewöhnlich große Gelege mit 9 Eiern auf nur ein Weibchen zurückgehen. Wir untersuchten drei Bruten mit jeweils 9 Nestlingen mit Hilfe des DNA-Fingerprinting. Dabei ergab sich, daß in 2 Bruten das fütternde ♀ auch die genetische Mutter aller 9 Nestlinge war. In der dritten Brut war 1 Nestling mit keinem der beiden fütternden Altvögel verwandt. Es wird erörtert, warum es sich in diesem Fall vermutlich nicht um innerartlichen Brutparasitismus handelt.
    Notes: Summary In Pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) unusually large clutches containing nine eggs were found regularly. Two alternative hypotheses may explain this phenomenon: Either a single female has produced such an unusually large clutch alone or two females paired with a monoterritorial bigyneous male have laid in sum nine eggs. Here we report about our results obtained by DNA fingerprint analyses of three Pied flycatcher broods containing nine nestlings. For two broods it is evidenced that a single female was the genetic mother of all nine nestlings. In the third instance one nestling was not related to either adult that cared for the young. It is argued that this single case is probably not due to intraspecific brood parasitism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaterschaftsnachweise bei einem trigyn verpaarten Trauerschnäpper(Ficedula hypoleuca) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In our study area near Lingen (52.27 N, 7.15 E), NW Germany polygyny among the Pied Flycatcher came to light through participation of males in feeding at 2 or 3 nestboxes (bigyny or trigyny). In the present paper we report a first time proof of paternity via DNA fingerprinting with the offspring of a trigynist. It could be evidenced that one male was the genetic father of all nestlings in all three broods.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In unserem Untersuchungsgebiet bei Lingen, NW Niedersachsen hatte 1995 fast jedges dritte Trauerschnäpper-♀ ein polygames ♂ zum Partner, wobei der polygame Verpaarungsstatus des ♂ daran erkannt wurde, daß es in zwei — und in einem Fall sogar in drei — Bruthöhlen Junge fütterte (Bigynie bzw. Trigynie). Mit Hilfe molekularbiologischer Methoden (DNA-Fingerprinting) wurde erstmals für einen Trigamisten die Vaterschaft analysiert. Dabei ergab sich, daß es sich bei dem fütternden ♂ in allen Bruten auch um den genetischen Vater jeweils sämtlicher Nestlinge handelte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01653344
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elternschaftsnachweise bei TrauerschnäppernFicedula hypoleuca am Westrand ihres mitteleuropäischen Verbreitungsareals (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 137 (1996), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Lingen/Emsland (52.27° N, 7.15° E) in Norddeutschland wurden 31 Trauerschnäpperbruten mit Hilfe des Oligonukleotid DNA-Fingerprintings untersucht. In 4 Bruten (12,9 %) fanden sich insgesamt 9 Nestlinge, die auf Fremdkopulationen der ♀ zurückgingen. Ihr Anteil an der Gesamtzahl der Nestlinge (n=165) betrug 5,5 %. Bezieht man den Verpaarungsstatus der ♂ in die Betrachtungen ein, findet sich ein signifikanter Unterschied: Nur eines von 20 anscheinend monogam verpaarten ♂ wurde „betrogen“, dagegen fanden sich bei nicht weniger als 3 von 7 bigyn verpaarten ♂ Nestlinge, die auf Fremdkopulationen der ♀ zurückgingen. Der Anteil betrogener bigyner ♂ wird dabei unter Umständen sogar unterschätzt, da in drei Fällen die Primärbruten nicht untersucht werden konnten.
    Notes: Abstract The study deals with the occurrence of extra-pair copulations within a Pied Flycatcher population near Lingen/Emsland (52.27° N, 7.15 ° E) in northern Germany. As a whole, 31 Pied Flycatcher broods were investigated using oligonucleotide DNA finger-printing. In 4 broods (12.9 %) a sum of 9 nestlings were found to be due to extra-pair copulations of the females. Their proportion with regard to the total number of nestlings investigated (n=165) amounts to 5.5 %. Integrating the pairing status of males into the analyses a significant difference was found: Only one of 20 obviously monogamous males was cuckolded, while for 3 of 7 bigyneous males' nestlings were identified that resulted from extra-pair copulations of the females. The proportion of cuckolded bigyneous males may be even underestimated, because in three cases the primary broods could not be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01661100
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive success of monogamous and polygynous pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 48 (2000), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Mating system ; Pied flycatcher ; Ficedula hypoleuca ; Extra-pair paternity ; Monogamy ; Polygyny ; Reproductive success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  One of the most interesting aspects of the mating system of pied flycatchers is the regular occurrence of polygyny. Here we present data on the reproductive success of polygynously paired pied flycatcher males compared to monogamous males based on paternity analyses through DNA fingerprinting. Males paired with two females suffered a higher loss in reproductive output per female compared to monogamous males due to (1) a greater proportion of unhatched eggs in their broods, (2) greater nestling mortality and (3) a greater probability of being cuckolded. Nevertheless, the number of fledglings was significantly greater for polygynous males. Based on the number of nestlings that returned for subsequent breeding seasons, however, the reproductive success of monogamous and polygynous males did not differ significantly. These data raise the question as to why males attempt polygyny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650000208
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  • 6
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    Population size estimates based on the frequency of genetically assigned parent–offspring pairs within a subsample (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-20
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Ecological Society.
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