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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 51 (1947), S. 80-106 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 31 (1939), S. 400-406 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 38 (1946), S. 1090-1096 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 43 (1951), S. 1790-1797 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 44 (1952), S. 867-874 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 279 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 760-767 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Flüssig/Flüssig-UmwandlungT ℓℓ und andere sekundäre Umwandlungstemperaturen können aus PVT-Daten über eine Reihe geschlossener Ausdrücke erhalten werden, die alle durch Reihenentwicklung des Ausdrucks In (1 +P/b) der Tait-Gleichung gewinnbar sind. Die folgenden Ansätze erwiesen sich als besonders nützlich: (1 − V/Vo) = (C′/b)P für Plb 〈 0,3 und P-′(1 - V/Vo) = (C′lb) (1 - (Pl2b)) fürP/b zwischen 0,2 und 0,6 wobeiC′ undb Parameter in der Tait-Gleichung sind. Die Verwendung der Kompressibilität ζ ist weniger zufriedenstellend, da sie Punkt für Punkt über den Ausdruck V-′ (/gDVI /gDP) berechnet werden muß, bevor sie in den ebenfalls abgeleiteten Ausdruck ζ = (C/b)(1 -P/b) eingesetzt werden kann. Gute Resultate werden mit C = 0,0894 undb = C /-Kerhalten, wobei /-K der Kompressionsmodul ist. Der Kompressionsmodul nimmt mit abnehmender Temperatur zu, weist aber auch eine stufenweise Zunahme bei jeder druckinduzierten isothermen Umwandlung auf. b hat in der Nähe vonT ℓℓ Werte von ca. 1000–1500 bar. Die Auftragung von (1-V/Vo) gegenP für konstante Temperatur liefert zwei oder mehr ziemlich gerade Linien, deren Schnittpunkte für jede entsprechende Umwandlung die DrückeP i n angeben. Der erste UmwandlungsdruckP i n, entspricht gewöhnlich der UmwandlungstemperaturT ℓℓ. Eine Temperaturzunahme führt zu höheren P n i '-Werten.T ℓℓ weist bei Normaldruck etwa den Wert 1,2 Tg auf. Die ZunahmeT ℓℓ dP mit dem Druck kann aus Literaturdaten abgeschätzt werden. Aus den Daten von Quach, Wilson und Simha für isotaktisches PMMA erhalten wirT ℓℓ = 110 °C für P = 0 unddT ℓℓ/dP = 70 K/kbar. Diese Autoren berichtendTg/dP = 21,1 K/kbar. Die gleichen vereinfachten Gleichungen können sogar noch besser für die Analyse der ß-Relaxationen im Glaszustand angewendet werden. Die Konstanteb beträgt hier ca. 4100 bar bei 26 °C. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Autoren finden wir für isotaktisches PMMA eineβ-Umwandlung mitTß = 10 °C und dTßldP = 70 K/kbar. Diese Approximationen gelten jedoch nicht in der Nähe der Glasübergangstemperatur.Tg, da hier die Größeb nicht konstant ist. Sie können ebenfalls nicht angewendet werden, wenn zwei Übergangstemperaturen so nahe beieinander liegen, daß die Zahl der Meßpunkte nicht für eine Analyse ausreicht. Mit den zuvor für andere Polymere und nunmehr auch für isotaktisches PMMA erhaltenen Werten fürdT ℓℓ/dP kann gezeigt werden, daßdT ℓℓ/dP mit dem Unterschied /gDa der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten ansteigt. Nach der SimhaBoyer-Regel mußdT ℓℓ/dP daher auch linear mitTg -1 zunehmen. Für "dT ℓℓ/dP finden wir so 28 000/Tg(K). Es werden ferner Hinweise gefunden, daß die Drücke Pi n bei jeder schwachen sekundären Umwandlung einen neuen Ursprung mit einem neuen Wert vonb in der Weise geben, daß der effektive Druck (P − Pn i n−1 ) beträgt und daß (P-P i n 1/b n immer niedriger als ca. 0,5 bleibt.
    Notes: Summary For simplified analysis of PVT data to locateT ℓℓ and other secondary transitions, we demonstrate that series expansion of the term, lne(1 +P/b), in the Tait equation yields a number of approximations of varyine accuracy but all linear inP. The most useful ones are: (1 − V/Vo)=(C'/b)PforP/b 〈 0.3;P 1 (1 - V/Vo) = (C/b) (1 − (P/2b)) forP/b 〈 0.6 but 〉 0.2 and the compressibility, /gz = (C/b)(1 -P/b) which requires a calculation of point-to-point derivatives, V,−1 (/gDV//gDP), and hence is less satisfactory. C' andb are parameters in the Tait equation. We use C' = 0.0894.b = C' /-K, where /-K, is bulk modulus, increases with decreasing temperature but also has a step increase at each pressure-induced isothermal transition.b has a value of 1000 – 1500 bars nearT ℓℓ. Isothermal plots of (1 - V/Vo) againstP consist of two or more relatively straight line plots whose intersections give pressures,P i n corresponding to each successive transition.T ℓℓ is usually the first transition,P i l P i n,moves to higher values as temperature increases.T ℓℓ starts at or near 1.2Tg and increases at a rate,dT ℓℓ/dP, which can be estimated. For iso PMMA data of Quach, Wilson and Simha, we estimateT ℓℓ = 110 °C atP = 0,dT ℓℓ/dP = 70 K/kbar. The original authors reportdTg/dP = 21.1 K/kbar. The same simplified equations apply even better to the glassy state β relaxation for whichb is about 4100 bars at 26°C. We find that iso PMMA does indeed have adTβ at 10 °C (contrary to some authors) and adTß/dP of 70 K/kbar. These simple approximations do not work at isotherms nearTg whereb is changing; not near two close transitions for which there are insufficient data points to resolve them. Using values ofdT ℓℓ/dP previously determined for other polymers, and now for iso PMMA, we show thatdT ℓℓ/dP increases with the expansivity in free volume, /gDa, and hence, via Simha-Boyer, linearly inTg 1.dT ℓℓ/dP 28 × 103/Tg (K). Finally, we present evidence which suggests that for weak secondary transitions each intersection,P i n , gives a new origin with the new value of bn so that the effective pressure is P-Pi n-1 and (P-P i n-1 )/b n always remains less than about 0.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 145 (1956), S. 88-91 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Specific heat ; glass temperature ; flow temperature ; liquid-liquid transition ; surface tension ; melt viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using objective computerized statistical procedures, we have examined high precisionC p data by DSC reported by Wunderlich and Gaur for a series of alkyl acrylate and methacrylate polymers. Although they claimed the data to be linear inT aboveT g , our results do not support the linear model. One or two endothermic slope changes are revealed aboveT g in lowT f polymers (T f 〈 20 °C) and at least one exothermic slope change in highT f polymers (T f 〉 20 °C).T f is the flow temperature of Ueberreiter. Both the first endotherm and the first exotherm occur near (1.22 ± 0.07)T g , suggesting aT ll type phenomenon.T ll varies as $$1/\bar M_n $$ . The first exotherm is associated by us with wetting of the DSC pan by molten polymer on the first heating of particulate highT f polymers. The rate of wetting, and presumably the magnitude of the exotherm, depends in part on the ratio,γ/η, whereγ is surface tension andη is melt viscosity of the molten polymer. Sinceγ is relatively constant, the molecular weight and temperature dependence for rate of wetting resides inη, which depends on $$\bar M_w $$ . For $$\bar M_n 〉 〉 \bar M_c $$ , a second exothermic event caused by sintering, and also controlled by η, may be present. The interactive roles of $$\bar M_n ,\bar M_w ,\bar M_w /\bar M_n $$ ;M c (entanglement molecular weight); particle size, and heating rate onC p —T behaviour are delineated for the first time. LowT f hydrocarbon polymers, namely atactic polyalphaolefins,C 3 ,C 5 ,C 6 ; PIB; and dienes, PBD and cis-PI, exhibit single or double endotherms. Other results on highT f polymers showing exothermic effects, notably PS, PnBMA and polyglycidylmethacrylate are cited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Eight chemically modified cellulose supports were tested for their ability to absorb components of the Aspergillus niger cellulase system. At least two of the most effective adsorbents, aminoethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, were shown to be useful for the fractionation of cellulases. These supports apparently owe their resolving capacity to both ion exchange and biospecific binding effects; however, the relative importance of each effect is unknown. These observations form the basis for a new cellulase fractionation technique, combined ion exchange-affinity chromatography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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