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  • 1
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2001
    Description: The interaction between the eddy field and the mean flow near the Gulf Stream is studied here using satellite altimeter measurements and an eddy resolving numerical modeL. The eddy vorticity flux in the quasigeostrophic framework is obtained from the stream function standard deviation and spatial correlation function assuming the correlation function is homogeneous. An analytical expression is found for the stream function correlation using the altimetric and numerical data. Cases when the correlation function is anisotropic are compared to the isotropic case previously studied by Hogg (1993), who found that the eddy vorticity flux drives two counter rotating gyres on either side of the stream. The anisotropy can be important in the eddy vorticity flux, even when its departure from the isotropic case is smalL. Meridional or zonal anisotropies can drive recirculation gyres similar in strength and position to the ones driven by the isotropic case. The results when including anisotropy in the diagonal direction suggest that the homogenoeus assumption may not be valid.
    Description: This work was founded in part by a Fulbright/CONACyT fellowship and a J. Seward Johnson Fellowship through the Education Offce in WHOI.
    Keywords: Altimeter ; Data processing ; Eddy flux ; Mathematical models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Keywords: AGE; Age, dated standard deviation; Aragonite; Bora Bora; Difference; ELEVATION; Event label; French_Polynesia_BOB; French_Polynesia_MAU; French_Polynesia_RAN; French_Polynesia_TAA; French_Polynesia_TIK; French Polynesia; HAND; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Maupiti; Porites sp., diameter; Rangiroa; Sample ID; Sampling by hand; Tahaa; Tikhau
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 378 data points
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hallmann, Nadine; Camoin, Gilbert; Eisenhauer, Anton; Botella, A; Milne, Glenn A; Vella, Claude; Samankassou, Elias; Pothin, Virginie; Dussouillez, Philippe; Fleury, Jules; Fietzke, Jan (2018): Ice volume and climate changes from a 6000 year sea-level record in French Polynesia. Nature Communications, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02695-7
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Description: The topographic survey of the studied outcrops is based on several thousands of measurements per study site and the measurement of the sample elevation with reference to sea level using a real-time kinematic GPS Trimble R8. The maximum vertical (Z) and horizontal (X and Y) elevation errors are of ± 2.0 cm and a few millimetres, respectively. During the measurement, the surveys were related to the French Polynesian Geodetic Network (Réseau Géodésique de Polynésie Française; RGPF), to operating tide gauges or tide gauge data sets, to probes that were deployed during the field work, to the instantaneous sea level or to modern adjacent microatolls growing in a similar environment than their fossil counterparts. In the absence of geodetic datum or tide gauges, probes were deployed for four to five days in order to measure the sea-level position and to compare the data to the elevation of modern microatolls. The relative sea-level curve, which is presented in this paper, is based on data acquired on islands for which longer tidal records and geodetic data are available. After acquisition, the raw data were processed with the aims: 1) to estimate the elevation of individual dated fossil microatolls based on local tide gauge parameters, and 2) to compare the elevation of all dated fossil microatolls according to the same vertical reference. The link between tide gauge data and the position of the living and fossil microatolls can be established using RGPF. However, a topographic reference at the scale of French Polynesia (4,167 km^2), which is mandatory to achieve the second objective, does not exist, as tide gauge observations are incomplete and the NGPF (Nivellement Général de Polynésie Française) vertical datum that is associated to the RGPF is not homogeneous at this regional scale. The official geodetic system in French Polynesia is the RGPF, which is associated with the NGPF vertical datum. The French Polynesian Geodetic Network is a semi-dynamic system with different levels established by the Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine; SHOM) in cooperation with the National Geographic Institute (Institut Géographique National; IGN). The selection of microatolls for dating has been based on the lack of erosion features, the absence of local moating effects and their mineralogical preservation, demonstrating that our database is robust. The chemical preparation, mass-spectrometer measurements and age dating were performed in the years 2014 to 2016 mostly directly after field collection. The data are presented in Supplementary Table 2 following recommendations from Dutton et al. (2017). The best-preserved samples, as indicated by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) measurements, comprise 97.5% aragonite on average (n = 281). Additionally, no secondary aragonite or calcite crystals were revealed by thin section and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Keywords: Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; Age, Uranium-Thorium; Bora Bora; ELEVATION; Event label; French_Polynesia_BOB; French_Polynesia_MAU; French_Polynesia_RAN; French_Polynesia_TAA; French_Polynesia_TIK; French Polynesia; HAND; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Maupiti; Rangiroa; Sample ID; Sampling by hand; Tahaa; Thorium-230; Thorium-230, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, error, relative; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, standard deviation; Tikhau; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, standard deviation; Uranium-238/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Uranium-238/Thorium-232 activity ratio, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1458 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: Characteristics, elevations and ages of 165 samples from various mid-late Holocene features, such as in situ Porites microatolls, in situ reef flats, conglomerates and reworked reef blocks, collected from twelve islands in French Polynesia. This table complements the database on which the mid-late Holocene sea-level curve has been initially reconstructed (Hallmann et al., 2018). Δ modern-fossil represents the difference in elevation between modern and Holocene microatolls at the same study site and in a similar environment (maximum vertical error is of ± 2 cm). NGPF = altimetric reference of French Polynesia. The elevations have been corrected for subsidence based on rates of 0.14 mm/yr for Moorea, 0.05 mm/yr for Bora Bora and Tahaa as well as 0.03 mm/yr for Maupiti, the Gambier Islands and Raivavae. Error values for ages and elevations are 2-sigma. Uncertainties for measured elevations related to NGPF are ± 14 cm for samples from Bora Bora, Maupiti, Raivavae, Tikehau and the Gambier Islands; ± 22 cm for samples from Fakarava, Hao, Makemo, Manihi, Moorea, Rangiroa and Tahaa. Uncertainties for estimated elevations are ± 10 cm for Δ modern-fossil and ± 22 cm for NGPF elevations.
    Keywords: AGE; Age, dated standard deviation; Aragonite; Bora Bora; Calculated; Corrected; Diameter; Difference; ELEVATION; Event label; Fakarava; French_Polynesia_BOB; French_Polynesia_FAK; French_Polynesia_GAM; French_Polynesia_HAO; French_Polynesia_MAK; French_Polynesia_MAN; French_Polynesia_MAU; French_Polynesia_MOO; French_Polynesia_RAI; French_Polynesia_RAN; French_Polynesia_TAA; French_Polynesia_TIK; French Polynesia; Gambier; HAND; Hao; LATITUDE; Location; LONGITUDE; low-lying islands; Makemo; Manihi; Maupiti; mid-late Holocene sea level; Moorea; Porites microatolls; Raivavae; Rangiroa; reef development; Sample comment; Sample ID; Sampling by hand; storm deposits; Tahaa; Tikhau; U-series dating
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1068 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: Uranium/Thorium isotopic composition of 165 samples from various mid-late Holocene features, such as in situ Porites microatolls, in situ reef flats, conglomerates and reworked reef blocks, collected from twelve islands in French Polynesia. Recommendations of Dutton et al. (2017) were followed for the presentation of U/Th age data. For each parameter, the first column contains the value and the second column the statistical error. All statistical errors are two standard deviations of the mean (2σ mean). All samples have been corrected for initial 230Th by using a 230Th/232Th activity ratio of 0.66 ± 0.2 (Fietzke et al., 2005). Non-reported data consist of 230Th/232Th ratios which became negative due to background corrections. 238U Concentrations are not corrected for the background.
    Keywords: Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; Age, Uranium-Thorium; Bora Bora; Calculated; Event label; Fakarava; French_Polynesia_BOB; French_Polynesia_FAK; French_Polynesia_GAM; French_Polynesia_HAO; French_Polynesia_MAK; French_Polynesia_MAN; French_Polynesia_MAU; French_Polynesia_MOO; French_Polynesia_RAI; French_Polynesia_RAN; French_Polynesia_TAA; French_Polynesia_TIK; French Polynesia; Gambier; HAND; Hao; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; low-lying islands; Makemo; Manihi; Maupiti; mid-late Holocene sea level; Moorea; Porites microatolls; Raivavae; Rangiroa; reef development; Sample ID; Sampling by hand; storm deposits; Tahaa; Thorium-230; Thorium-230, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, error, relative; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, standard deviation; Tikhau; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, standard deviation; Uranium-238/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Uranium-238/Thorium-232 activity ratio, standard deviation; U-series dating
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3111 data points
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 1016-1021 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Chironomus ; LSU rRNA evolution ; Expansion segments ; Compensatory mutations ; rRNA processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequences representing approximately 40% of the large-subunit rRNA gene from the lower dipteran Chironomus thummi were analyzed. Once aligned with their Drosophila counterparts, sequence and base content comparisons were carried out. Sequence identity was found to be high overall, except for six regions that displayed a local bias in nucleotide composition toward AT. These regions were identified as expansion segments D3, D4, D5, D6, D7a, and D12. Besides base sequence divergence, differences in length were observed between the respective variable domains of the two species, particularly for D7a. Prediction of secondary structure showed that the folding of the Chironomus expansion segments analyzed is in agreement with the general patterns proposed for eukaryotic LSU rRNA. The comparison with Drosophila revealed also that the Chironomus secondary structures of the variable domains are supported by multiple compensatory substitutions or even compensatory insertions. Chironomus D7a displayed an unusual structural feature with respect to the insect D7a models that have been inferred up to now. The structural constraint observed in the expansion segments of Diptera so distantly related as midges and Drosophila suggests that these regions contribute to some functional role. Concerning the D7a of insects so far analyzed, there can be, in addition to a conserved secondary structure, a nucleotide composition constraint that might be important for the process giving rise to the alpha and beta halves of the 26S rRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Balbiani rings ; Nucleotide sequence ; 3′ ends ; Repeat units ; Evolutionary conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An interspecies comparison was made between the 3′ ends of Balbiani ring genes fromChironomus. The comparison was focused on the BR2.2 gene, and a part at the 3′ end fromChironomus pallidivittatus (which included also a segment of the gene core) was cloned. Its sequence, and other previously published BR sequences from this species and fromChironomus tentans were used in the analysis. The 3′ parts of these repetitive genes can be divided into a region belonging to the core of the genes followed by a terminal region. In the core region the repeats (each of which consists of a constant part and a subrepeated part) are highly similar and the constant parts show little interspecies differentiation. Furthermore, the two parts of the repeats are units in an evolutionary and probably also functional sense. The terminal region contains modified constant units, usually isolated betwen acidic so-called cys regions, the whole arrangement lying upstream of an intron toward a 3′-terminal exon. Most of the modified constant units are mosaics in rates of evolution with stable outer quarters bordering to equally stable cys regions and a central half with a very high rate of evolution. One of the terminal units, present only in the BR2.2 gene and second from the end, differs distinctly not only from corresponding core units but also from other terminal units in the three normally active BR genes. It lies upstream of all cys regions and is evolutionarily conserved over most of its length. Furthermore, two-dimensional protein structure prediction does not exclude an endoproteolytic cleavage site in this unit. Such a site appears unlikely in other terminal or core regions. This is of interest in view of evidence for intracellular cleavage of the BR2.2 terminal region with liberation of a part containing a DNA-binding domain (Botella et al. 1988). All in all the fine anatomy of evolutionary changes at the BR gene termini shows interesting correlations with postulated functional relations and may have predictive value in the further functional analysis of this part of the gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Balbiani rings ; cDNA clones ; Nucleotide sequence ; Repeat units ; Subrepeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new type of repeat unit was isolated from Balbiani ring 1 ofChironomus pallidivittatus and designated, BR1β repeat. It consists of a constant and a subrepeated part, like previously described units belonging to the core blocks of the BR genes. The subrepeated part contains 10-codon subrepeats with an arrangement similar to the subrepeats of the previously described BR2β gene. The present unit differs from earlier reported core units firstly in a much lower number of copies (about 15) per genome, which are tandemly arranged. Secondly, the number of subrepeats per BR1β repeat unit can show great variations. On the basis of the pattern of codon usage, three types of subrepeats can be distinguished. One type lies 5′-proximal in the subrepeat array and consists of variable numbers of subrepeats almost identical at the nucleotide level. The last complete subrepeat represents another type, with consistent differences in codon usage as compared to subrepeats of the proximal type. Finally, there is an intermediate type represented by the subrepeat preceding the distal one. Here, codon characteristics from proximal and distal subrepeats are mixed in a patchy and irregular way. The evolution of the arrays can be understood either as being the result of subrepeat formation in two steps (occurring before and after amplification of whole repeat units) or as the result of a continuous process in which there is evidence for participation of gene conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Clostridium botulinum dormant spores germinate in presence of l-alanine via a specific receptor composed of GerAA, GerAB and GerAC proteins. In Bacillus subtilis spores, GerAA and GerAC proteins were located in the inner membrane of the spore. We studied the location of the GerAB protein in C. botulinum spore fractions by Western-blot analysis, using an antipeptidic antibody. The protein GerAB was in vitro translated and used to confirm the specificity of the antibodies. GerAB was not present in a coat and spore outer membrane fraction but was present in a fraction of decoated spores containing inner membrane. These results strongly suggest that the protein GerAB is located in the inner membrane of the spore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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