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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term and long-term effects of bacterivorous nematodes and nematophagous fungi on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in microcosms (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microcosm ; Arable soil ; Bacteria ; Bacterivorous nematodes ; Nematophagous fungi ; Carbon and nitrogen ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the effects of organisms at various trophic levels on C and N mineralization after the addition of crop residues to arable soil. The effects of the bacterivorous nematodes Rhabditis sp. and Acrobeloides bütschlii and of the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora und Drechmeria coniospora on soil respiration and N mineralization were measured over 6 months at 20°C. In the presence of nematodes, C mineralization was increased during the first month and subsequently reduced; N mineralization was increased during the first 2 months and then reduced. The results support the assumption that nematodes influence C mineralization mainly indirectly by affecting bacterial activity, and N mineralization mainly directly by mineralizing bacterial biomass. A. oligospora contributed directly to C mineralization. The effect of both fungi on N mineralization was indirect and resulted from the reduction in the numbers of nematodes. The results showed that the effects of nematodes and nematophagous fungi and the mechanisms behind the effects may vary strongly in time, and are correlated with the type of organic matter decomposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383977
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional requirements of the mycoparasitic fungus Verticillium biguttatum (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biological control ; Rhizoctonia solani ; sclerotia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Een synthetisch vloeibaar medium met glucose als koolstofbron, een ammonium- of aminogroep bevattende verbinding als stikstofbron en biotine als groeifactor voldeed aan de voedingseisen vanVerticillium biguttatum. Van de verschillende koolstof- en stikstofbronnen leverden mannitol en twee ammoniumzouten en glutamine de hoogste opbrengsten aan mycelium; de opbrengst aan conidiën was het hoogst met galactose en glutamine. De hoogste opbrengsten aan mycelium en conidiën werden bereikt bij respectievelijk pH 4,3 en 5.1. Ofschoon neutrale en alkalische omstandigheden de groei vanV. biguttatum in het synthetische medium beperkten, werd enige groei vanV. biguttatum waargenomen op vaste voedingsbodems bij pH 7,0 en op sclerotia vanR. solani in natuurlijke grond bij pH 7,2–7,3.
    Notes: Abstract Verticillium biguttatum was able to grow axenically in a synthetic liquid medium with a compound containing ammonium or amino group as nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source and biotin as growth factor. Among various carbon and nitrogen compounds tested, highest mycelial production was achieved with mannitol and with two ammonium salts and glutamine; sporulation reached highest values with galactose and glutamine. Highest yields of mycelium and conidia were obtained at pH 4.3 and 5.1, respectively. Although neutral and alkaline conditions were growth-limiting in the synthetic medium some growth ofV.biguttatum occurred on solid media at pH 7.0 and on sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani in natural soil at pH 7.2–7.3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01999970
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic observations on the interaction of the mycoparasite Verticillium biguttatum with Rhizoctonia solani and other soil-borne fungi (1989)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 56 (1989), S. 161-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: biological control ; penetration ; sclerotia ; Slerotinia sclerotiorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mycoparasitic interactions of Verticillium biguttatum with Rhizoctonia solani and with a variety of other soil-borne fungi were investigated in dual cultures. V. biguttatum interacted with various soil fungi by appressed growth along the host hyphae and infrequent penetrations. Intracellular growth and subsequent sporulation, however, only occurred with R. solani, a few binucleate Rhizoctonia and Ceratobasidium spp., and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Effective mycoparasitism on sclerotia was restricted to those belonging to R. solani. Electron-microscopic observations revealed that V. biguttatum can penetrate the host cell with infection tubes. This process is probably mediated by enzymatic hydrolysis of the cell wall. Subsequently, trophic hyphae develop within the host cytoplasm, ultimately resulting in death of the host cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesive knob formation by conidia of the nematophagous fungusDrechmeria coniospora (1992)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 61 (1992), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: adhesive knobs ; conidiogenesis ; Drechmeria coniospora ; nematodes ; nematophagous fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied conidiogenesis and adhesive knob formation (maturation) by newly developed conidia of the nematophagous fungusDrechmeria coniospora. Upon conidiogenesis on infected nematodes or during saprophytic growth of the fungus in axenic cultures compact clusters of conidia developed. Less than 10% of such clustered conidia matured; mature conidia were invariably located on the periphery of the clusters. The kinetics and rate of maturation of conidia were studied inin vitro systems and in soil. In both cases adhesive knobs were formed; the rate at which knobs were formed appeared to be determined by the age of the conidia, the temperature and the soil moisture. In addition, knob formation was suppressed at increasing conidial densities. Under favorable conditions, however, over 90% of the conidia matured within a period of 3 days. The rate of knob formation was neither influenced by the presence of nematodes nor by that of exogenous nutrients, which suggests that maturation is an autonomous process. Electron-microscopical analysis indicated that budding of the conidia at the initial stage of maturation occurred simultaneously with the deposition of the sticky, adhesive layer around the wall of the developing knob. The ecological significance of the time- and spatially separated maturation of conidia after conidiogenesis is discussed with respect to survival of the conidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584228
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotrophic mycoparasitism byVerticillium biguttatum onRhizoctonia solani (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 100 (1994), S. 137-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biological control ; mycoparasite ; potato black scurf ; Rhizoctonia solani ; sclerotia ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Verticillium biguttatum cannot utilise cellulose or nitrate-nitrogen and it requires biotin for growth, yet it grew and sporulated abundantly onRhizoctonia solani on cellulose, obtaining at least organic carbon, nitrogen and biotin fromR. solani. Videomicroscopy of inter-hyphal interactions on films of water agar showed thatV. biguttatum behaved as a biotrophic mycoparasite. From germinating spores, it penetrated the hyphae ofR. solani and formed haustorium-like branches without killing the host cells, and the haustoria supported an external mycelial network of the mycoparasite. Later the mycoparasite sporulated, and the infected host cells died. On cellulosic substrataV. biguttatum did not reduce the growth ofR. solani, and often enhanced the rate of cellulose degradation. However,V. biguttatum drastically reduced the production of sclerotia byR. solani, often completely suppressing sclerotium production when the mycoparasite infected only a localized region of the host colony. This is ascribed to the creation of a nutrient sink by the parasite, consistent with biotrophy. On plates of cellulose agar the suppression of sclerotia was not confined to parasitized colonies but extended to adjacent colonies ofR. solani that had successfully anastomosed with the parasitized colony. There was no effect on adjacent vegetatively incompatible colonies, where attempted anastomoses caused cytoplasmic death. In comparable experiments the necrotrophic mycoparasiteGliocladium roseum had no long-distance effect on sclerotium production byR. solani. Suppression of sclerotium production may explain the reported success ofV. biguttatum in biocontrol of black scurf of potato in experimental field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01876247
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of the mycoparasitic fungus Verticillium biguttatum from different geographical origins at near-minimum temperatures (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 97 (1991), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biological control ; logistic growth ; Rhizoctonia solani
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani collected from potato tubers from different countries were assayed for the presence of mycoparasites. Among the mycoparasites observedVerticillium biguttatum predominated. Its geographical distribution was not restricted to certain latitudes or soil types;V. biguttatum occurred worldwide in potato fields. The minimum growth temperature of 57V. biguttatum isolates was found to be in the narrow range from 10 to 13°C, irrespective of their geographical origin. A non-linear logistic growth model was used to describe the radial growth onRhizoctonia mycelium and nutrient agar plates. At near-minimum temperature the maximum colony radii varied considerably; they were up to 3.8 times that of the reference isolate M73. Based on parameter values for logistic growth, fast-and slow-growing isolates could be distinguished. Although the growth properties ofV. biguttatum isolates from different locations varied, the presence of fast- and slow-growing isolates was not restricted to particular areas and both types could be found in the same field. However, bioassays with selected fast- and slow-growing isolates do not support the assumption that growth at near-minimum temperatures is a relevant criterion for screening isolates ofV. biguttatum in terms of effectiveness for biological control ofR. solani.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974275
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani by addition of live mycelium of R. solani to soil (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Induced antagonism ; Verticillium biguttatum ; Gliocladium roseum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Toevoeging van levend mycelium vanRhizoctonia solani aan licht zure zandgronden, in de winter verzameld van velden na een aardappelteelt, leidde tot een ophoping van hyperparasieten en een afneme vanR. solani en resulteerde uiteindelijk in bescherming van aardappelspruiten tegenR. solani. Dit effect werd ook in mariene zavels waargenomen, echter pas na een tweede toevoeging van mycelium. Verticillium biguttatum bleek de meest voorkomende hyperparasiet te zijn.
    Notes: Abstract Addition of live mycelium ofRhizoctonia solani to three slightly, acid sands collected in winter from a field after a previous potato crop resulted in accumulation of hyperparasites and less infestation of sprouts of infected seed potatoes. A similar effect was observed in alkaline marine sandy loam soils, but only after a second addition of live mycelium. The predominant hyperparasite in these experiments wasVerticillium biguttatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976788
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathology and control of soil-borne fungal pathogens of potato (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 437-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Verticillium dahliae ; Rhizoctonia solani ; Spongospora subterranea ; tuber-borne diseases ; intraspecific variation ; detection ; integrated control ; research needs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several soil-borne fungal pathogens continue to cause problems in potato production worldwide. The reasons for these problems are illustrated by reference to the pathogensVerticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani, Spongospora subterranea and a group normally considered to be tuber-borne, includingColletotrichum coccodes, Helminthosporium solani andFusarium species. Generally, the long-term persistence of survival structures, the difficulties in reducing inoculum and lack of good sources of resistance hinder attempts to improve control of soil-borne fungal pathogens. Post-harvest fungicide treatment of seed or ware potatoes does not entirely alleviate storage problems. In the foreseeable future there is no alternative to the use of integrated measures from the time of planting seed to movement from storage. Key research areas that arise as a means of better controlling most of these pathogens are: the role of intraspecific variation in pathogenesis and ecology, problems of detecting and quantifying inoculum, and the need for improved methods for biological control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357949
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  • 9
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    Short-term and long-term effects of bacterivorous nematodes and nematophagous fungi on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in microcosms (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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