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  • 1
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    Covid-19 and Carbon Lock-In. Impacts on the Energy Transition (2020)
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This IASS study takes an in-depth look at Covid-19's impacts on the global energy sector, and then zooms in to the country level to see individual country effects and responses. The case studies are compiled by energy researchers in Argentina, China, Germany, India, Israel, and the United States.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The effects of economic crises on carbon emission peaks and structural change in OECD and G20 countries (2022)
    In:  IAEE 2022 Home Page
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Economic disruption associated with the Covid-19 pandemic and the current energy and – potentially economic – crisis related to the war in Ukraine emphasize the importance of understanding and managing crises’ immediate and lasting effects on decarbonisation. Theory shows that the expected effects of crises are contested and could be supportive or detrimental to decarbonisation. This article examines the timing and mechanisms for how countries peak emissions and whether such peaks are related to economic crises. We empirically investigate the timing of CO2 emissions peaks in OECD and G20 countries 1965-2019, and the effects of major economic crises on the activity-related and structural drivers of emissions. We show that in all but two countries that have peaked emissions, the peak occurred just before or during a recession, by the combined effect of lower GDP growth and decreasing energy and/or carbon intensity during and after the crisis. In peak-and-decline countries, crises have typically magnified pre-existing improvements in energy and carbon intensities. Almost all peaking countries have returned to economic growth post-crisis, implying that structural change – not lost economic activity – was the critical driver of emission peaks. In non-peaking countries, the GDP growth was less affected, and structural change effects were weaker or rather increased emissions. Crises do not automatically trigger peaks but may strengthen ongoing decarbonisation trends through several mechanisms.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
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    Most industrialised countries have peaked carbon dioxide emissions during economic crises through strengthened structural change (2023)
    In:  Communications earth & environment
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: As the climate targets tighten and countries are impacted by several crises, understanding how and under which conditions carbon dioxide emissions peak and start declining is gaining importance. We assess the timing of emissions peaks in all major emitters (1965–2019) and the extent to which past economic crises have impacted structural drivers of emissions contributing to emission peaks. We show that in 26 of 28 countries that have peaked emissions, the peak occurred just before or during a recession through the combined effect of lower economic growth (1.5 median percentage points per year) and decreasing energy and/or carbon intensity (0.7) during and after the crisis. In peak-and-decline countries, crises have typically magnified pre-existing improvements in structural change. In non-peaking countries, economic growth was less affected, and structural change effects were weaker or increased emissions. Crises do not automatically trigger peaks but may strengthen ongoing decarbonisation trends through several mechanisms.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Geopolitics and energy security of CSP deployment for domestic use and intra-European trade in the time of COVID-19. Deliverable 9.2 MUSTEC project (2020)
    Real Instituto Elcano, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The outbreak of COVID-19 has completely changed the European Union’s internal geopolitical landscape, including in the energy domain. The political and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has made internal geopolitical and geo-economic drivers even more relevant than before. Countries like Italy and Spain are expected to be among the most affected, having the higher death tolls and the biggest economic and social costs, which risks exacerbating populist and nationalist movements and political parties. Anti-EU feelings and a North-South political divide risk to re-emerge and intensify, re-opening the wounds of the financial crisis. Because the COVID-19 crisis implies a significant shift in the EU’s geopolitical and energy geopolitics’ landscape, the scope of this deliverable has been expanded to reflect the new context. Sufficiently high climate ambitions are another enabler of CSP development, because they hinder the use of fossil power plants as a backup of fluctuating renewables and supply of electricity demand exceeding the realizable potential of other renewables. Hence, CSP with its additional advantage of dispatchability becomes more important under such conditions.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 5
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    Analisis comparativo del tiempo de recupero de la inversión en colectores solares térmicos en la Republica Argentina mediante sistemas de información geográfico (2021)
    In:  RIIYM - Revista Científica de Ingeniería Industrial y Mecánica
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: El crecimiento del mercado solar térmico tanto a nivel mundial como en la Argentina, ha generado el aumento de importaciones y producción local de diversos colectores solares térmicos con características muy heterogéneas. La extensión del territorio argentino presenta una gran amplitud de temperatura y radiación solar, estos son las variables principales que afectan el rendimiento y la producción energética de los colectores solares. Es trabajo analiza el tiempo de recupero de la inversión (TRI) de 2 colectores solares típicos, placa plana y tubo de vacío, para valores de temperatura de ambiente y radiación medios, en comparación con un termotanque tradicional de eficiencia “A” con funcionamiento a gas natural y resistencia eléctrica. Determinando como varían el TRI de ambos colectores, para luego realizar mapas de la Republica Argentina mediante Sistemas de Información Geográficas (SIG) que muestren como varían el TRI en años en todo el territorio para las condiciones anteriormente mencionadas.
    Description: The growth of the solar thermal market, both worldwide and in Argentina, has generated an increase in imports and local production of various solar thermal collectors with highly heterogeneous characteristics. The extension of the Argentine territory presents a great amplitude of temperature and solar radiation, these are the main variables that affect the performance and energy production of solar collectors. This work analyzes the return on investment time (RIT) of 2 typical solar collectors, flat plate and vacuum tube, for average ambient temperature and radiation values, compared to a traditional efficiency "A", hot water tank operating at natural gas and electric resistance. Determining how the RIT of both collectors vary, to then make maps of the Argentine Republic through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that show how the RIT varies in years throughout the territory for the conditions mentioned above.
    Language: Spanish
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Result data related to "Bersalli et al. (2023) -- Most industrialised countries have peaked carbon dioxide emissions during economic crises through strengthened structural change" (2022)
    Zenodo
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This repository contains the result data of our study investigating the relationship between emission peaks and economic crises. The repository contains mainly two datasets: multiplicative-contributions.csv / .nc prepost-growth-rates.csv / .nc Both datasets exist in CSV and NetCDF file format for convenience. The dataset multiplicative-contributions contains year-to-year change factors of GDP, population, energy-intensity, and carbon-intensity for every country in our study. The dataset prepost-growth-rates contains growth over a multi-year period pre- and post- crisis for each country and each crises in our study.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/annotation
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  • 7
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    Chile. Energy. An emerging key actor in the renewable energy arena. This case study ist an analysis carried out as part of the annual synthesis report on sectoral climate action (2019)
    Climate Chance Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Chile, with less than 18 million inhabitants, is becoming a strategic actor in the world energy transition thanks to its Northern Atacama Desert that contains great mineral wealth, mainly copper and lithium, and the country’s huge potential for renewable energy (RE) production. It is one of the first countries becoming successful in promoting RE electricity production without feed-in tariffs or other subsidies. The current long-term goal is at least 70 % of renewable electricity by 2050. It requires to keep a fast pace of investments in clean energy while removing coal generation through different public policies. However, while such policies are fundamental, they may not be sufficient, given the complexity and pace of the required changes. This transformation may be possible thanks to the active participation of stakeholders, from political parties, universities, and research centres, to the private sector and citizen organizations. Altogether, and despite the existing contradictions, they are pushing policies closer to faster decarbonization and are helping to implement real new solutions in the different regions of the country. In this paper, we discuss the role of the main nonstate actors of the Chilean energy transition, focusing on the electricity sector.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 8
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    Renewable energy policy effectiveness. A panel data analysis across Europe and Latin America (2020)
    In:  Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Renewable energy (RE) technologies for electricity generation are a central pillar of energy sector decarbonisation strategies worldwide. Public policies to promote their diffusion have been in place in developed economies since 1980, and, since the 2000s, a growing number of emerging countries began implemented such policies. The Latin American countries have been proactive in RE promotion, but few attempts have been made to evaluate the results. This article proposes an econometric analysis of the effectiveness of RE policies, based on panel data for 20 Latin American and 30 European countries, over 20 years. The results converge for the influence of promotion policies in general: they have a positive and statistically significant effect on RE investment, being the principal determinant in both regions. Nevertheless, on their own, tax incentives are insufficient to assure the deployment of RE technologies. This article also highlights specificities in policy approaches and motivations across both regions and explains why auction became the main instrument in Latin American countries.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    The COVID-19 crisis deepens the gulf between leaders and laggards in the global energy transition (2021)
    In:  Energy Research and Social Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In this article, we review the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy sector and evaluate the implications of related policy responses on prospects for a transition to a climate-friendly energy system. In doing so, we differentiate between different types of countries and different dimensions of energy supply. Firstly, we assess the impacts on leaders and laggards in the transformation of the power sector, in terms of renewable power deployment and the phase-out of coal-fired power generation. Secondly, we consider impacts of the crisis on major exporters of oil and gas resources, focusing on a selection of G20 countries. We find that the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and related policy responses vary across different types of countries but also within large countries, such as the US and China. We conclude that the COVID-19 crisis deepens the gulf between leaders and laggards of the global energy transition and will exacerbate existing imbalances in an uneven energy transition landscape. This threatens the achievement of international climate targets and points to the need for concerted international action aimed at the phase-out of fossil energy resources.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    A Tale of the Golden Goose and the Ugly Duckling. Impacts of the Pandemic on the Argentinean Energy Sector (2020)
    In:  IASS Blog, 12.05.2020
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Argentina is among the countries hardest hit by the social and economic consequences of the current pandemic. The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is predicting the worst economic crisis in the history of Latin America, with a fall in GDP of over 5% and millions more people pushed into poverty. Argentina, which is currently renegotiating its massive external debt, could suffer a drop in GDP of 6.5% or more. In order to mitigate the impacts of the crisis, the government is responding with some immediate relief measures – tax deferrals, subsidies for low-income families, and special financial measures for different sectors including energy – as well as planning a quite ambitious recovery program. The decisions that are being taken today are likely to have a profound effect on the energy sector for decades to come. These decisions are influenced by visions and narratives associated with different sectors, with oil and gas being the “golden goose” and renewables the “ugly duckling”.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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