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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferrioxamine transport mutants and the identification of the ferrioxamine receptor protein (FoxA) inErwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) (1990)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1990), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Erwinia herbicola ; Enterobacter agglomerans ; Ferrioxamines ; Ferrioxamine receptor ; Iron transport ; Siderophores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Iron deprivation ofErwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) induces the biosynthesis of six high-M r outer-membrane proteins and large amounts of ferrioxamine E. Mutagenesis withN-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and selection with ferrimycin A yielded mutants ofE. herbicola K4 (wild type), defective in the expression of a 76-kDa outer-membrane protein, as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While in bioassays wild-type cells showed growth promotion in the presence of ferrioxamines (B, D1, D2, E, G), enterobactin, citrate, ferrichrome and coprogen, these mutants failed to respond to ferrioxamines. Moreover, experiments with55Fe-labelled siderophores confirmed that iron transport mediated by ferrioxamine E and B in the mutants was completely inhibited, whereas iron transport by other hydroxamate siderophores, such as ferrichrome and coprogen was unaffected. The results are evidence that the 76-kDa protein in the outer membrane represents the receptor protein (FoxA) for ferrioxamines inE. herbicola.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141359
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral linear hydroxamates as biomimetic analogues of ferrioxamine and coprogen and their use in probing siderophore-receptor specificity in bacteria and fungi (1991)
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 186-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Iron transport ; Siderophore receptors ; Siderophore analogues ; Ferrioxamine ; Coprogen ; Biomimetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Linear hydroxamate derivatives, possessing chiral α-amino acid moieties, were synthesized and their iron transport activities were studied in bacteria and fungi. No growth-promoting activity could be detected in the Gram-positive hydroxamate-auxotrophAureobacterium flavescens JG9. However, Gram-negative enterobacteria, such asEscherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans andHafnia alvei were able to utilize iron from these analogues. Uptake of55Fe-labeled analogues was inhibited by sodium azide, suggesting an active transport process. The receptors involved during uptake in enterobacteria were identified by using appropriate indicator organisms which are defective in the transport of either ferrioxamines (P. agglomerans FM13), coprogens (H. alvei), or both of these siderophore classes (E. coli fhuE). Our data suggest that the chiral hydroxamates are recognized by the ferrioxamine receptor (FoxA) and the coprogen receptor (FhuE) at a ratio which depends on the opticalν/δ isomer fraction and the nature of side chains. Transport was also observed in the fungusNeurospora crassa, known to take up coprogen rather than ferrioxamines, suggesting that in this fungus the synthetic analogues behave like coprogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of ferrioxamine E as the principal siderophore ofErwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) (1988)
    Springer
    BioMetals 1 (1988), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Erwinia herbicola ; Siderophore transport ; Ferrioxamine E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Several strains of the enterobacterial groupErwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) were screened for siderophore production. After 3 days of growth in a low-iron medium, all strains studied produced hydroxamate siderophores. The retention values of the main siderophore during thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates and on HPLC reversed-phase columns were identical with those of an authentic sample of ferrioxamine E (norcardamine). Gas-chromatographic analysis of the HI hydrolyzate yielded succinic acid and 1,5-diaminopentane in equimolar amounts; fast-atom-bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy showed a molecular mass of 653 Da. Iron from55Fe-labelled ferrioxamine E was well taken up by iron-starved cells ofE. herbicola (K m=0.1 μM,V max=8 pmol mg−1 min−1). However, besides ferrioxamine E (100%), several exogenous siderophores such as enterobactin (94.5%), ferric citrate (78.5%), coprogen (63.5%) and ferrichrome (17.5%) served as siderophores, suggesting the presence of multiple siderophore receptors in the outer membrane ofE. herbicola.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01128017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of enterobactin and linear dihydroxybenzoylserine compounds by HPLC and ion spray mass spectrometry (LC/MS and MS/MS) (1991)
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Enterobactin ; Dihydroxybenzoylserine ; Isolation ; HPLC-separation ; Ion spray mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The production of catecholate siderophores was studied in some selected species ofEnterobacter (Enterobacteriaceae). The extracted catecholates were separated as iron-free compounds by HPLC on a C18 reversed-phase column using methanol/0.1% phosphoric acid or methanol/0.1% formic acid as a solvent system and identified by ion spray mass spectrometry (LC/MS, MS/MS). Five catecholate compounds were identified which include 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, its linear dimer and trimer, the cyclic enterobactin and an unidentified isomer of enterobactin. In addition, a new large-scale method for the isolation of catecholate siderphores is described which is based on adsorption on XAD-2 and subsequent purification on Sephadex LH20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135388
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and utilization of ferrioxamine-E-bound iron inErwinia herbicola (Pantoea agglomerans) (1991)
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Erwinia herbicola (Pantoea agglomerans) ; Ferrioxamine E ; In vivo M6ssbauer spectroscopy ; Iron metabolism ; Iron transport ; Siderophores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary We have analyzed ferrioxamine-E-mediated iron uptake and metabolization inErwinia herbicola K4 (Pantoea agglomerans) by means of in vivo Mössbauer spectroscopy and radioactive labeling techniques. A comparison of cell spectra with the spectrum of ferrioxamine clearly demonstrates that ferrioxamine E is not accumulated in the cell, indicating a fast metal transfer. Only two major components of iron metabolism can be detected, a ferric and a ferrous species. At 30 min after uptake, 86% of the internalized metal corresponded to a ferrous ion compound and 14% to a ferric iron species. Metal transfer apparently involves a reductive process. With progressing growth, the oxidized species of the two major proteins becomes dominant. The two iron metabolites closely resemble species previously isolated fromEscherichia coli. These components of iron metabolism differ from bacterio-ferritin, cytochromes and most iron-sulfur proteins. All other iron-containing cellular components are at least one order of magnitude lower in concentration. We suggest that the ferrous and ferric iron species correspond to two different oxidation states of a low-molecular mass protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141312
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