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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing interannual variations in global fire calendar using data from Earth observing satellites (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Daily global observations from the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometers on the series of meteorological satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration between 1982 and 1999 were used to generate a new weekly global burnt surface product at a resolution of 8 km. Comparison with independently available information on fire locations and timing suggest that while the time-series cannot yet be used to make accurate and quantitative estimates of global burnt area it does provide a reliable estimate of changes in location and season of burning on the global scale. This time-series was used to characterize fire activity in both northern and southern hemispheres on the basis of average seasonal cycle and interannual variability. Fire seasonality and fire distribution data sets have been combined to provide gridded maps at 0.5° resolution documenting the probability of fire occurring in any given season for any location. A multiannual variogram constructed from 17 years of observations shows good agreement between the spatial–temporal behavior in fire activity and the ‘El Niño’ Southern Oscillation events, showing highly likely connections between both phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01003.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A land cover map of South America (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: A digital land cover map of South America has been produced using remotely sensed satellite data acquired between 1995 and the year 2000. The mapping scale is defined by the 1 km spatial resolution of the map grid-cell. In order to realize the product, different sources of satellite data were used, each source providing either a particular parameter of land cover characteristic required by the legend, or mapping a particular land cover class. The map legend is designed both to fit requirements for regional climate modelling and for studies on land cover change. The legend is also compatible with a wider, global, land cover mapping exercise, which seeks to characterize the world's land surface for the year 2000. As a first step, the humid forest domain has been validated using a sample of high-resolution satellite images. The map demonstrates both the major incursions of agriculture into the remaining forest domains and the extensive areas of agriculture, which now dominate South America's grasslands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00774.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric interfacial waves (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 2222-2229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Waves at the interface of a two-layer fluid are considered. The fluid in the lower layer is incompressible with constant density and is flowing irrotationally. In the upper layer, the fluid is stationary but compressible, and corresponds to an isothermal atmosphere with a density profile that decreases exponentially with height. The interface between the two fluids is assumed sharp. The formation of waves at the interface would come about typically as a result of the interaction of the moving lower layer of fluid with local topographical features, as with the classical problem of the generation of waves on the lee side of a mountain range. It is shown that the present model is capable of supporting the formation of interfacial waves that are similar in many respects to the classical gravity wave of Stokes, and that are ultimately limited in every case by the formation of a 120° angle at the wave crest. The highly nonlinear wave profiles are computed numerically and compared with the predictions of linearized theory. An extended perturbation analysis is given near the point at which the interfacial waves break down as a result of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858463
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric interfacial waves in the presence of two moving fluid layers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 3306-3316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atmospheric waves at the interface between two flowing layers of air are studied in this paper. The lower layer is assumed to be incompressible and to flow irrotationally, and its motion might be the result of a distant thunderstorm, for example. The upper layer is modeled as a compressible isothermal atmosphere, so that if it were stationary, its density and pressure would both decrease exponentially with height. The equations of motion in the upper layer are linearized under the assumption that the lower layer of incompressible fluid is "thin'' (its weight is a small fraction of the total), but the possibility of large-amplitude disturbances at the interface is nevertheless allowed. A linearized theory of wave propagation in this system is discussed, and a numerical scheme is outlined for the solution of the nonlinear equations. The results confirm the predictions of a model of Forbes and Belward [Phys. Fluids A 4, 2222 (1992)], in which the upper atmosphere was assumed stationary, and demonstrate that this simpler model gives results that are likely to be useful over most of the range of values of the speed in the upper layer encountered in practice. Nonlinear waves near the limiting height are discussed, and a very significant qualitative difference between the predictions of the linearized theory and the nonlinear results concerning progressive waves is analyzed, and may be of importance in meteorology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868063
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solutions of the traction problem for a fibre-reinforced material by an integral-equation method
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Computational Physics 46 (1982), S. 215-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(82)90014-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solutions of some Fredholm integral equations using fractional integration, with an application to a forced convection problem (1972)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 23 (1972), S. 901-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass gewisse Fredholmsche Integralgleichungen erster Art als Integrale gebrochener Ordnung dargestellt werden können. Die Umkehrung dieser Operatoren, und somit die Auflösung der Integralgleichungen, kann dann mittels bekannter Eigenschaften der Integrale gebrochener Ordnung erfolgen. Bei den hier untersuchten Fällen handelt es sich um Gleichungen, die bei Aufgaben der Wärmeleitung bei zähen Flüssigkeiten und bei elastischen Halbräumen auftreten. Die Gleichungen können entweder durch im klassischen Sinne integrierbare Funktionen oder in einem verallgemeinerten Funktionenraum aufgelöst werden. Im letzteren Fall sind die Lösungen nicht eindeutig; die allgemeinste Form der Lösung wird jedoch angegeben. Als Nebenprodukt der Untersuchung ergibt sich ein Eindeutigkeitssatz für den klassischen Fall. Eine Beziehung zwischen gewissen speziellen Funktionen, welche Reihendarstellungen der Lösungen ermöglicht, erweist sich nach Modifikation gewisser Definitionen und Identitäten als auch im verallgemeinerten Funktionenraum gültig.
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that certain Fredhom integral equations of the first kind can be written in terms of fractional integrals. The inversion of these operators, and thus the solutions of the integral equations, can than be deduced from well known properties of fractional integrals. The particular cases studied involve equations arising in heat transfer, viscous flow, and elastic half-space problems. The equations may be solved in terms of classically integrable functions or in a generalised function space. In the latter case the solutions are not unique but the most general solution of the equations is constructed. In the course of this analysis a uniqueness theorem for the classical cases is derived as a by-product. A relationship between certain special functions which enables series solutions to be obtained is shown to be valid in the generalised function space after suitably modifying certain definitions and identities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01596218
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fully non-linear two-layer flow over arbitrary topography (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 27 (1993), S. 419-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Steady, two-dimensional, two-layer flow over an arbitrary topography is considered. The fluid in each layer is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and flows irrotationally. The interfacial surface is found using a boundary integral formulation, and the resulting integrodifferential equations are solved iteratively using Newton's method. A linear theory is presented for a given topography and the non-linear theory is compared against this to show how the non-linearity affects the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128764
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial waves and hydraulic falls: Some applications to atmospheric flows in the lee of mountains (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 29 (1995), S. 161-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two dimensional flow of a layer of constant density fluid over arbitrary topography, beneath a compressible, isothermal and stationary fluid is considered. Both downstream wave and critical flow solutions are obtained using a boundary integral formulation which is solved numerically by Newton's method. The resulting solutions are compared against waves produced behind similar obstacles in which the compressible upper layer is absent (single layer flow) and against the predictions of a linearised theory. The limiting waves predicted by the full non-linear equations are contrasted with those predicted by the forced Korteweg-de Vries theory. In particular, it is shown that at some parameter values a multiplicity of solutions exists in the full nonlinear theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051741
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimizing simulation models of agricultural systems (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 82 (1998), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Agricultural systems vary widely in terms of scale, scope and purpose. Managers of thesereal-world systems are typically faced with a multitude of alternative management optionsand strategies, and are turning more towards simulation models in an attempt to evaluatethese and identify the optimal combination. From a modelling perspective, agriculturalsystems present a range of problems which need to be addressed, and these are outlinedwith examples. General conclusions are drawn on which of the available methodologies aremost likely to be successful for users.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018958602679
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  • 10
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    Droplet motion on virtual leaf surfaces (2015)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: A curvilinear thin film model is used to simulate the motion of droplets on a virtual leaf surface, with a view to better understand the retention of agricultural sprays on plants. The governing model, adapted from Roy et al. (2002 J. Fluid Mech. 454, 235–261 ( doi:10.1017/S0022112001007133 )) with the addition of a disjoining pressure term, describes the gravity- and curvature-driven flow of a small droplet on a complex substrate: a cotton leaf reconstructed from digitized scan data. Coalescence is the key mechanism behind spray coating of foliage, and our simulations demonstrate that various experimentally observed coalescence behaviours can be reproduced qualitatively. By varying the contact angle over the domain, we also demonstrate that the presence of a chemical defect can act as an obstacle to the droplet's path, causing break-up. In simulations on the virtual leaf, it is found that the movement of a typical spray size droplet is driven almost exclusively by substrate curvature gradients. It is not until droplet mass is sufficiently increased via coalescence that gravity becomes the dominating force.
    Keywords: applied mathematics, fluid mechanics
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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