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  • 1
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    Tectonics of the Himalaya (2015)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The Himalayan mountain belt, which developed during the India–Asia collision starting about 55 Ma ago, is a dramatically active orogen and it is regarded as the classic collisional orogen. It is characterized by an impressively continuous 2500 km of tectonic units, thrusts and normal faults, as well as large volumes of high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites exposed at the surface. This constitutes an invaluable field laboratory, where amazing crustal sections can be observed directly in very deep gorges. It is possible to unravel the tectonic and metamorphic evolution of litho-units, to observe the mechanisms of exhumation of deep-seated rocks and the propagation of the deformation. Himalayan tectonics has been the target of many studies from numerous international researchers over the years. In the last 15 years there has been an explosion of data and theories from both geological and geophysical perspectives. This book presents the results of integrated multidisciplinary studies, including geology, petrology, magmatism, geochemistry, geochronology and geophysics, of the structures and processes affecting the continental lithosphere. These processes and their spatial and temporal evolution have major consequences on the geometry and kinematics of the India–Eurasia collision zone.
    ISBN: 9781862397033
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/412/1.toc
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear and nonlinear stiffness and friction in biological rhythmic movements (1995)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 73 (1995), S. 499-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Biological rhythmic movements can be viewed as instances of self-sustained oscillators. Auto-oscillatory phenomena must involve a nonlinear friction function, and usually involve a nonlinear elastic function. With respect to rhythmic movements, the question is: What kinds of nonlinear friction and elastic functions are involved? The nonlinear friction functions of the kind identified by Rayleigh (involving terms such as $$\dot \theta ^3 $$ ) and van der Pol (involving terms such as $$\theta ^2 \dot \theta $$ ), and the nonlinear elastic functions identified by Duffing (involving terms such as $$\theta ^3 $$ ), constitute elementary nonlinear components for the assembling of self-sustained oscillators. Recently, additional elementary nonlinear friction and stiffness functions expressed, respectively, through terms such as $$\theta ^2 \dot \theta ^3 $$ and $$\theta \dot \theta ^2 $$ , and a methodology for evaluating the contribution of the elementary components to any given cyclic activity have been identified. The methodology uses a quantification of the continuous deviation of oscillatory motion from ideal (harmonic) motion. Multiple regression of this quantity on the elementary linear and nonlinear terms reveals the individual contribution of each term to the oscillator's non-harmonic behavior. In the present article the methodology was applied to the data from three experiments in which human subjects produced pendular rhythmic movements under manipulations of rotational inertia (experiment 1), rotational inertia and frequency (experiment 2), and rotational inertia and amplitude (experiment 3). The analysis revealed that the pendular oscillators assembled in the three experiments were compositionally rich, braiding linear and nonlinear friction and elastic functions in a manner that depended on the nature of the task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative phase dynamics in perturbed interlimb coordination: the effects of frequency and amplitude (2000)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 83 (2000), S. 529-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Schöner [Schöner G (1995) Ecol Psychol 7: 291–314] argued that the relative phase dynamics of rhythmic interlimb coordination may be attributed to the timing level in that the stability properties of the relative phase are largely independent of dynamical principles operating at the goal level, such as those related to the maintenance of a particular amplitude or target position. Yet, according to the coupling functions in the coupled oscillator model proposed by Haken et al. [Haken H, Kelso JAS, Bunz H (1985) Biol Cybern 51: 347–356], the effect of frequency on the stability properties of relative phase is either wholly or partially mediated by frequency-induced changes in amplitude, implying that the relative phase dynamics strongly depends on spatial factors. In order to distinguish between these contrasting interpretations of the organizational principles underwriting the phase dynamics of interlimb coordination, an experiment was conducted in which the effects of frequency and amplitude on the stability of relative phase were separated. Six subjects performed both in-phase and anti-phase coordination patterns at seven different frequencies and three different amplitudes. Two measures of pattern stability were used, the standard deviation of relative phase and the exponent of the relaxation process following phasic perturbations of relative phase. According to both measures, pattern stability decreased with increasing frequency, whereas the amplitude manipulation only had a significant effect on the standard deviation of relative phase. This result was interpreted to imply that the organizational principles at the (relative) timing level are affected only moderately by task constraints pertaining to the goal level, and that models of interlimb coordination in which amplitude coupling plays a partial or subordinate role should be preferred above models relying solely on amplitude coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220000185
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extension and magmatism in the Oslo rift, southeast Norway: No sign of a mantle plume
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 123 (1994), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90276-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syn-rift thermal structure and post-rift evolution of the Oslo Rift (southeast Norway): New constraints from fission track thermochronology
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 127 (1994), S. 39-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90196-1
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of extensional basin formation and vertical motions at rift flanks: Constraints from tectonic modelling and fission-track thermochronology
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 121 (1994), S. 417-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90081-7
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tectono-magmatic control on vertical dip slip basement faulting: An example from the Fennoscandian Shield (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Vertical dip-slip basement faults play an important role in the evolution and structuring of the Earth's crust. The Proterozoic anorogenic rapakivi-anorthosite setting of the Fennoscandian Shield in southern Finland exhibits a widespread pattern of vertical dip-slip basement faults that are deeply eroded. The Porkkala-Mantsala (PM)-fault, located c. 30 km W of Helsinki is part of a system of crustal lineaments that closely follows the outcrop pattern of Mid-Late Proterozoic anorogenic crustal elements, such as basic dyke swarms, the outline of rapakivi granites and remnants of sediment-filled grabens. These lineaments are formed by low-grade dip-slip faults that overprint Svecofennian shear zones. Structural analysis of the PM-fault supports an interpretation in terms of reactivation of a high-grade ductile wrench zone. Successive stages of brittle deformation visible in as well the PM-fault and the Obbnäs granite demonstrate that brittle deformation in the PM-fault is coeval with the intrusion of the anorogenic Obbnäs rapakivi granite. Based on the spatial and temporal relationship of anorogenic magmatism and block faulting, a genetic relationship is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00737.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear and nonlinear stiffness and friction in biological rhythmic movements (1995)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 73 (1995), S. 499-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Biological rhythmic movements can be viewed as instances of self-sustained oscillators. Auto-oscillatory phenomena must involve a nonlinear friction function, and usually involve a nonlinear elastic function. With respect to rhythmic movements, the question is: What kinds of nonlinear friction and elastic functions are involved? The nonlinear friction functions of the kind identified by Rayleigh (involving terms such as θ˙3) and van der Pol (involving terms such as θ2θ˙), and the nonlinear elastic functions identified by Duffing (involving terms such as θ3), constitute elementary nonlinear components for the assembling of self-sustained oscillators. Recently, additional elementary nonlinear friction and stiffness functions expressed, respectively, through terms such as θ2θ˙3 and θθ˙2, and a methodology for evaluating the contribution of the elementary components to any given cyclic activity have been identified. The methodology uses a quantification of the continuous deviation of oscillatory motion from ideal (harmonic) motion. Multiple regression of this quantity on the elementary linear and nonlinear terms reveals the individual contribution of each term to the oscillator’s non-harmonic behavior. In the present article the methodology was applied to the data from three experiments in which human subjects produced pendular rhythmic movements under manipulations of rotational inertia (experiment 1), rotational inertia and frequency (experiment 2), and rotational inertia and amplitude (experiment 3). The analysis revealed that the pendular oscillators assembled in the three experiments were compositionally rich, braiding linear and nonlinear friction and elastic functions in a manner that depended on the nature of the task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principal components in three-ball cascade juggling (2000)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 82 (2000), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To uncover the underlying control structure of three-ball cascade juggling, we studied its spatiotemporal properties in detail. Juggling patterns, performed at fast and preferred speeds, were recorded in the frontal plane and subsequently analyzed using principal component analysis and serial correlation techniques. As was expected on theoretical grounds, the principal component analysis revealed that maximally four instead of the original six dimensions (3 balls × 2 planar coordinates) are sufficient for describing the juggling dynamics. Juggling speed was shown to affect the number of dimensions (four for the fast condition, two for the preferred condition) as well as the smoothness of the time evolution of the eigenvectors of the principal component analysis, particularly around the catches. Contrary to the throws and the zeniths, and regardless of juggling speed, consecutive catches of the same hand showed a markedly negative lag-one serial correlation, suggesting that the catches are timed so as to preserve the temporal integrity of the juggling act.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007966
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative phase dynamics in perturbed interlimb coordination: stability and stochasticity (2000)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 83 (2000), S. 443-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Various stability features of bimanual rhythmic coordination, including phase transitions, have been modeled successfully by means of a one-dimensional equation of motion for relative phase obeying a gradient dynamics, the Haken-Kelso-Bunz model. The present study aimed at assessing pattern stability for stationary performance and estimating the model parameters (a, b, and Q) for the stochastic extension of this model. Estimates of a and b allowed for reconstruction of the potential defining the gradient dynamics. Two coordination patterns between the forearms (in-phase, anti-phase) were performed at seven different frequencies. Model parameters were estimated on the basis of an exponential decay parameter describing the relaxation behavior of continuous relative phase following a mechanical perturbation. Variability of relative phase and relaxation time provided measures of pattern stability. Although the predicted inverse relation between pattern stability and movement frequency was observed for the lower tempo conditions, it was absent for the higher tempos, reflecting the influence of task constraints. No statistically significant differences in stability were observed between the two coordination modes, indicating the influence of intention. The reconstructed potential reflected the observed stability features, underscoring the adequacy of the parameter estimations. The relaxation process could not be captured adequately by means of a simple exponential decay function but required an additional oscillatory term. In accordance with previous assumptions, noise strength Q did not vary as a function of movement frequency. However, systematic differences in Q were observed between the two coordination modes. The advantages and (potential) pitfalls of using stationary performance of single patterns to examine the stability features of a bistable potential were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220000177
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