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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calvarial cells synthesize 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 22 (1983), S. 1073-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00274a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of a skeletal growth factor from human bone (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 21 (1982), S. 3502-3507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00257a037
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human skeletal growth factor: characterization of the mitogenic effect on bone cells in vitro (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 21 (1982), S. 3508-3513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00257a038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium fluoride does not increase human bone cell proliferation or protein synthesis in vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 96-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sodium fluoride on bone density in chickens (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 420-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Cortical bone ; Density ; Specific gravity ; Fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In addition to increasing bone volume, fluoride has been demonstrated to increase ash weight and mineral density. To determine whether newly formed or older bone is most affected by fluoride treatment, bone from chickens receiving fluoridated water was fractionated into lower density (recently formed) and higher density (more mature) specific gravity fractions. Fluoride was administered to the chickens for different lengths of time (4 or 13 weeks) or at varying doses for a 4-week period (0, 4.2, 16.8 mmol/liter drinking water). Fluoride treatment caused a shift in the mineral density profile, showing an increased proportion of mineral distribution in the more mature, higher density fractions. To determine whether this density gradient shift was due to increased maturation rate of bone or decreased resorption and mineralization rates, [3H]proline and 45Ca were injected 5 days and 24 hours prior to sacrifice, respectively. The distributions of both 3H or 45Ca, as percentages of total counts incorporated, were shifted by fluoride treatment into more mature, higher density fractions. Expressing the number of counts as a percent of the bone in each fraction (total hydroxyproline or Ca) revealed an increased incorporation of both 3H and 45Ca into the higher specific gravity fractions 2.0–2.2. These results suggest that fluoride treatment increases bone maturation and the rate of secondary mineralization in the cortical bone. Such changes in the quality of more mature, well-mineralized bone, in humans as well as animals, may have a significant influence on brittleness and strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296772
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat: Regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 438-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D-deficiency ; Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone ; Serum calcium ; Renal 1-hydroxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To determine the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on the renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] was compared in vitamin D-deficient rats. Serum calcium (Ca), serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and the specific activities (SA) of renal 25(OH)D3: 24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) and 25(OH)D3: 1α-hydroxylase (1-hydroxylase) were measured. In vitamin D-deficient rats, mean serum Ca was low, serum iPTH was increased, renal 1-hydroxylase was increased, and renal 24-hydroxylase was below the limit of detection. Treatment with either 1,25(OH)2D3 or 24,25(OH)2D3, 50 ng/d for 2 days, significantly increased mean serum Ca but did not change serum iPTH, renal 1-hydroxylase SA, or renal 24-hydroxylase SA. 1,25(OH)2D3, 50 ng/d for 7 days, returned serum Ca and iPTH to normal, lowered renal 1-hydroxylase SA, and induced renal 24-hydroxylase activity. In contrast, 24,25(OH)2D3, 50 ng/d for 7 days, similarly lowered renal 1-hydroxylase SA but did not induce renal 24-hydroxylase activity. Thyroparathyroidectomy of vitamin D-deficient rats resulted in a rapid decline in 1-hydroxylase SA. The results indicate that in vitamin D-deficient rats a) 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces renal 1-hydroxylase SA and increases renal 24-hydroxylase SA and b) 24,25(OH)2D3 reduces renal 1-hydroxylase SA and does not alter renal 24-hydroxylase SA. Inhibition of renal 1-hydroxylase by the two metabolites is apparently mediated through changes in serum Ca and circulating iPTH, whereas stimulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 of renal 24-hydroxylase activity is direct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405073
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential response in alveolar bone osteoclasts residing at two different bone sites (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Alveolar bone ; Bone resorption ; Differential response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Using a histochemical method for demonstrating acid phosphatase activity, we have studied osteoclasts residing at two different bone sites in rat incisor alveolar bone, one at the endosteum and the other at the tooth socket, and compared the response of these osteoclasts to systemic changes. After 12 days of calcium (0%) or phosphorus (0.2%) deprivation, the number of osteoclasts/cross section at the endosteum increased 463% (P〈0.001) and 103% (P〈0.002), respectively. After 10 days of calcium or phosphorus replenishment, the number of osteoclasts at this bone site decreased to levels not significantly different from those in the control. In contrast, the number of osteoclasts at the incisor socket remained insignificantly changed throughout the experimental period. A similar osteoclast differential response was also observed in the alveolar bone surrounding the first molar tooth. After 12 days of calcium deprivation, the number of osteoclasts/mm bone surface increased 371% (P〈0.001) at the endosteum but remained insignificantly changed at the first molar socket. These results suggest that an osteoclast differential response exists in alveolar bone and that the response may be of significance inasmuch as the major function of alveolar bone is to support the teeth. The work described here supports the concept of local as well as systemic regulation of bone metabolism to simultaneously perform the dual functions of mineral homeostasis and mechanical support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405315
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of calcitonin on bone quality and osteoblastic function (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion In conclusion, there is considerable support for the thesis that, in addition to its inhibitory effects on bone resorption, calcitonin enhances osteoblastic bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. These data are compatible with the presence of calcitonin receptors in a variety of osteoblast-like cell lines [37]. The chronic effects of calcitonin to increase BMD may be related in part to anabolic osteoblastic actions of calcitonin. Agents that exclusively inhibit bone resorption can cause a secondary decrease in bone formation due to the coupling of resorption and formation. The putative anabolic osteoblastic effect of calcitonin may be of clinical importance in sustaining the bone formation rate despite inhibition of bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310194
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a lack of functional receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF) in chick bone cells in vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 115 (1992), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: nerve growth factor ; osteoblasts ; chick ; cell proliferation ; protein phosphorylation ; receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the development and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. Recently, NGF receptors were demonstrated in non-neural cells, and several mesenchymal cell types including lymphocytes and skeletal myotubes were shown to be stimulated to proliferate by NGF. Our purpose was to examine for the presence of functional NGF receptors in osteoblasts. Bone cells from chick calvaria were used as a model; PC-12 cells derived from rat adrenal pheochromocytoma were used as positive controls. NGF was examined for functions in chick bone cells by studying effects on (1) [3H]-thymidine incorporation; (2) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; and (3) protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Effects of NGF on thymidine incorporation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation by PC-12 cells were also measured. A radioreceptor assay was used to test for the presence of receptors. In chick calvarial cells, NGF had no effect on thymidine incorporation, ALP activity or protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Radioreceptor assay with bone cells showed no evidence of NGF receptors. In contrast, in PC-12 cells, NGF (1) decreased thymidine incorporation; (2) increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation; and (3) showed receptor activity by radioreceptor assay. In conclusion, unlike several other mesenchymal cell types, chick bone cells show no evidence of NGF receptors or functional responses to NGF in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230322
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait loci for bone density in C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ inbred mice (1999)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 10 (1999), S. 1043-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Genetic analyses for loci regulating bone mineral density have been conducted in a cohort of F2 mice derived from intercross matings of (C57BL/6J × CAST/EiJ)F1 parents. Femurs were isolated from 714 4-month-old females when peak adult bone density had been achieved. Bone mineral density (BMD) data were obtained by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and genotype data were obtained by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays for polymorphic markers carried in genomic DNA of each mouse. Genome-wide scans for co-segregation of genetic marker data with high or low BMD revealed loci on eight different chromosomes, four of which (Chrs 1, 5, 13, and 15) achieved conservative statistical criteria for suggestive, significant, or highly significant linkage with BMD. These four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were confirmed by a linear regression model developed to describe the main effects; none of the loci exhibited significant interaction effects by ANOVA. The four QTLs have been named Bmd1 (Chr 1), Bmd2 (Chr 5), Bmd3 (Chr 13), and Bmd4 (Chr 15). Additive effects were observed for Bmd1, recessive for Bmd3, and dominant effects for Bmd2 and Bmd4. The current large size of the QTL regions (6→31 cM) renders premature any discussion of candidate genes at this time. Fine mapping of these QTLs is in progress to refine their genetic positions and to evaluate human homologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359901159
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