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  • 1
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    Studies of the Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry of the Auxins (1952)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4294
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Chemistry and Physiology of the Bound Auxins (1982)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4294
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Preparation of 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylacetic acid and its [13C2], [5-n-3H], and [5-n-3H]-7-O-glucosyl analogues for use in the study of indol-3-ylacetic acid catabolism (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An improved synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylacetic acid via the base-induced condensation reaction between oxalate esters and 7-benzyloxyindolin-2-one is described. 7-Benzyloxyindolin-2-one was prepared in four steps and 50% overall yield from 3-hydroxy-2-nitrotoluene. The yield of the title compound from 7-benzyloxyindolin-2-one was 56%. This route was used to prepare 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl[13C2]acetic acid in 30% yield from [13C2]oxalic acid dihydrate. The method could not be extended to the preparation of the corresponding [14C2]-compound. However, an enzyme preparation from Zea mays roots catalysed the conversion of carrier-free [5-n-3H]indol-3-ylacetic acid with a specific activity of 16.7 Ci mmol-1 to a mixture of 7-hydroxy-2-oxo[5-n-3H]indolin-3-ylacetic acid and its [5-n-3H]-7-O-glucoside in ca. 3 and 40% radiochemical yield respectively. The glucoside was converted into the 7-hydroxy compound in 80% yield by means of beta-glucosidase.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions 1 (ISSN 0300-922X); Volume 1987; 4; 753-7
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Gravity-induced asymmetric distribution of a plant growth hormone (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Dolk (1936) demonstrated that gravistimulation induced an asymmetric distribution of auxin in a horizontally-placed shoot. An attempt is made to determine where and how that asymmetry arises, and to demonstrate that the endogenous auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, becomes asymmetrically distributed in the cortical cells of the Zea mays mesocotyl during 3 min of geostimulation. Further, indole-3-acetic acid derived by hydrolysis of an applied transport form of the hormone, indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol, becomes asymmetrically distributed within 15 min of geostimulus time. From these and prior data is developed a working theory that the gravitational stimulus induces a selective leakage, or secretion, of the hormone from the vascular tissue to the cortical cells of the mesocotyl.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Physiologist, Supplement (ISSN 0031-9376); 27; S-123 to
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Gravitational effects on plant growth hormone concentration (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Dolk's (1936) finding that more growth hormone diffuses from the lower side of a gravity-stimulated plant shoot than from the upper side is presently confirmed by means of both an isotope dilution assay and selected ion monitoring-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and it is established that the asymmetrically distributed hormone is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This is the first physicochemical demonstration that there is more IAA on the lower sides of a geostimulated plant shoot. It is also found that free IAA primarily occurs in the conductive vascular tissues of the shoot, while IAA esters predominate in the growing cortical cells. A highly sensitive gas chromatographic isotope dilution assay shows that the hormone asymmetry also occurs in the nonvascular tissue.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 6
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    The Alpha-Helix Concept: Innovative utilization of the Space Station Program. A report to the National Aeronautical and Space Administration requesting establishment of a Sensory Physiology Laboratory on the Space Station (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A major laboratory dedicated to biological-medical research is proposed for the Space Platform. The laboratory would focus on sensor physiology and biochemistry since sensory physiology represents the first impact of the new space environment on living organisms. Microgravity and the high radiation environment of space would be used to help solve the problems of prolonged sojourns in space but, more importantly, to help solve terrestrial problems of human health and agricultural productivity. The emphasis would be on experimental use of microorganisms and small plants and small animals to minimize the space and time required to use the Space Platform for maximum human betterment. The Alpha Helix Concept, that is, the use of the Space Platform to bring experimental biomedicine to a new and extreme frontier is introduced so as to better understand the worldly environment. Staffing and instrumenting the Space Platform biomedical laboratory in a manner patterned after successful terrestrial sensory physiology laboratories is also proposed.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-175436 , NAS 1.26:175436
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    An attempt to localize and identify the gravity sensing mechanism of plants (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Gravistimulation causes an asymmetric distribution of the plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In what tissue of the plant the IAA asymmetry arises will be determined so as to better localize the gravity sensing device.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Washington NASA Space Biol. Program; p 6-7
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Attempts to Localize and Identify the Gravity-sensing Device of Plant Seedlings (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The growth hormone asymmetry develops within three minutes following the initiation of the gravitational asymmetry and radio-labeled compounds being transported from the seed to the shoot also show asymmetric distribution. It is found that the target of the gravity stimulus resides primarily in the permability of the vascular tissue that regulates the supply of hormone to the surrounding tissues. It is hypothesized that the gravitational stimulus induces an asymmetric change in the rate of secretion of the growth hormone, IAA, from the vascular tissue into the surrounding cortical cells. More hormone would be secreted from the vascular stele proximal to the lower side of a horizontally placed plant shoot than from the upper side. This results in more growth hormone in the lower cortical (plus epidermal) cells, and ultimately more growth, such that the plant grows asymmetrically and, ultimately attain its normal vertical orientation. A theory was developed of how plants respond to the gravitational stimulus. The theory is based upon the analytical results concerning the effects of gravity on the distribution of the plant growth hormone, IAA, in both its free and conjugated forms, and upon the effect of the growth stimulis on the distribution of externally applied radio-labeled compounds. Its advantage is that it is testable and that it is built upon solid knowledge of the effects of the gravitational stimulus upon the endogenous growth hormone, IAA, and upon the distribution of externally applied radio-labeled compounds.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Washington NASA Space Biol. Program:; p 22-23
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Enzymic synthesis of indole-3-acetyl-1-O-beta-d-glucose. II. Metabolic characteristics of the enzyme (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The synthesis of indole-3-acetyl-1-O-beta-D-glucose from indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) has been shown to be a reversible reaction with the equilibrium away from ester formation and toward formation of IAA. The enzyme occurs primarily in the liquid endosperm of the corn kernel but some activity occurs in the embryo. It is relatively specific showing no glucose ester formation with oxindole-3-acetic acid or 7-hydroxy-oxindole-3-acetic acid, and low activity with phenylpropene acids, such as rho-coumaric acid. The enzyme is also specific for the nucleotide sugar showing no activity with UDPGalactose or UDPXylose. The enzyme is inhibited by inorganic pyrophosphate, by phosphate esters and by phospholipids, particularly phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The enzyme is inhibited by zeatin, by 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, by IAA-myo-inositol and IAA-glucan, but not by zeatin riboside, and only weakly by gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and kinetin. The reaction is slightly stimulated by both calcium and calmodulin and, in some cases, by thiol compounds. The role of this enzyme in the homeostatic control of indole-3-acetic acid levels in Zea mays is discussed.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Plant physiology (ISSN 0032-0889); 88; 1481-5
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Partial purification and characterization of indol-3-ylacetylglucose:myo-inositol indol-3-ylacetyltransferase (indoleacetic acid-inositol synthase) (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A procedure is described for the purification of the enzyme indol-3-ylacetylglucose:myo-inositol indol-3-ylacetyltransferase (IAA-myo-inositol synthase). This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of indol-3-ylacetate from 1-0-indol-3-ylacetyl-beta-d-glucose to myo-inositol to form indol-3-ylacetyl-myo-inositol and glucose. A hexokinase or glucose oxidase based assay system is described. The enzyme has been purified approximately 16,000-fold, has an isoelectric point of pH 6.1 and yields three catalytically inactive bands upon acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the native protein. The enzyme shows maximum transferase activity with myo-inositol but shows some transferase activity with scyllo-inositol and myo-inosose-2. No transfer of IAA occurs with myo-inositol-d-galactopyranose, cyclohexanol, mannitol, or glycerol as acyl acceptor. The affinity of the enzyme for 1-0-indol-3-ylacetyl-beta-d-glucose is, Km = 30 micromolar, and for myo-inositol is, Km = 4 millimolar. The enzyme does not catalyze the exchange incorporation of glucose into IAA-glucose indicating the reaction mechanism involves binding of IAA glucose to the enzyme with subsequent hydrolytic cleavage of the acyl moiety by the hydroxyl of myo-inositol to form IAA myo-inositol ester.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Plant physiology (ISSN 0032-0889); 94; 1598-604
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