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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aging on the heat-resistance properties of steel after cold plastic deformation (1985)
    Springer
    Strength of materials 17 (1985), S. 1734-1737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Aging equivalent to 100,000 h at operating temperatures reduces the strength and increases the ductility and toughness properties of cold-worked steel 15Kh1M1F. At normal test temperatures, the values of yield strength are reduced by 25–40%, and values of relative elongation increase by a factor of 1.5–2.0. An increase in aging duration to 2×105 h markedly affects the level of mechanical properties. Tempering at 750°C for 5 h after working markedly weakens the effect of aging on mechanical properties with short-term tests. The change in mechanical properties over 105–2×105 h is 2–18%. 2. Strength and ductility properties of worked and tempered steel 15Kh1M1F with a ferrite-carbide structure in the original condition and after prolonged aging are lower than for steel with a bainitic structure. 3. In steel with a ferrite-carbide structure during aging there is more intense precipitation and coalescence of carbide phase than in steel with a bainitic structure, and the degree of carbide dispersion in the latter is considerably greater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01523014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics of corrosion fatigue damage in components of equipment of thermal electric power stations (1988)
    Springer
    Materials science 24 (1988), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-885X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00724345
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and properties of deformed 15Kh1M1F steel after long aging (1985)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 27 (1985), S. 855-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Aging for up to 100,000 h at 540 and 570\dgC leads to a reduction in strength properties and an increase in plastic and toughness properties of cold deformed untempered 15Kh1M1F steel. At normal test temperature the yield strength drops by 25–40% while the elongation and impact strength increase by 28–35 and 38–56%, respectively. With an increase in aging time to 200,000 h there is practically no change in the mechanical properties of 15Kh1M1F steel. Tempering after deformation weakens to a significant degree the influence of aging on the mechanical properties in short-term tests. 2. Before and after long aging at 540 and 570\dgC, deformed and tempered 15Kh1M1F steel with a bainitic structure has a higher level of stress-rupture strength than the steel with a ferritic-carbide structure. 3. After long aging at 540 and 570\dgC, significant changes in the structure of the bainite colonies of 15Kh1M1F steel are not observed with the use of light metallography. In the steel with the ferritic-carbide structure more intense precipitation and coagulation of the carbide phase occurs during aging than in the steel with the bainitic structure and the degree of dispersion of the carbides in the latter is signficantly greater. The finer the austenitic grain size, the more intensely these processes occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of partially recrystallized structure on the heat resistance of steel 15Kh1M1F (1981)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 23 (1981), S. 285-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions Steel 15Kh1M1F with a partially recrystallized structure is characterized by a lower stability and ultimate long-term strength than the same steel tempered at technological temperatures. In this case, the long-term plasticity, especially the relative necking, is also reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769469
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and properties of steel for high-pressure vessels (1982)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 24 (1982), S. 772-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The structure of 16GNMA steel in the normalized condition consists of ferrite and bainite or of upper bainite. 2. The steel with the bainitic structure is characterized by a higher thermal fatigue resistance than that with a ferritic-bainitic structure. When together with thermal fatigue the metal is subjected to the action of shut-down (acid) corrosion, the steel with the bainitic structure is less reliable. 3. Both in the original (after normalizing and tempering) and the aged conditions 16GNMA steel has sufficiently high resistance to brittle fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00774732
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of vacuum arc and electroslag remelting on the anisotropy of the properties of structural steels (1968)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 10 (1968), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions o 1.Melting steel by the ESR and VAR methods, and combination of the two, substantially increases the plasticity and ductility of structural steels 18Kh2N4VA, 40KhNMA, and 35Kh2GSMA both in the longitudinal and, particularly, the transverse directions. 2.ESR and VAR substantially reduce the coefficient of anisotropy of the impact toughness and the specific reduction in section. The higher the anisotropy of the original open-hearth melt, the greater the effect. 3.The effectiveness of these new melting methods in reducing the coefficient of anisotropy of the plasticity and ductility of structural steels is due directly to purification; the removal of nonmetallic inclusions, especially sulfides. The use of a combination of ESR and VAR does not lead to any further reduction of the anisotropy coefficient. 4.The anisotropy coefficient of the impact toughness does not depend on the value of the strength. The anisotropy coefficient of the specific reduction in section for the steel tempered at high temperature is lower than for the steel quenched and tempered at low temperature. 5.The use of these new melting methods leads to an increase of the cold resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657752
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of weldments with a structure of granular bainite (1974)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 16 (1974), S. 433-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Weldments with a structure of granular bainite have high strength and ductile characteristics. 2. The resistance to brittle fracture of granular bainite approaches that of temper sorbite at the temperatures investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the transformation of supercooled austenite in steel 12Kh1MF (1977)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 19 (1977), S. 495-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. For open hearth steel 12Kh1MF the stability of the austenite is higher in the pearlitic region and lower in the intermediate region than that of the steel melted in an electric furnace. The normalized open-hearth steel has a larger bainitic component than the steel melted in the electric furnace. 2. A ferritic—bainitic structure with Widmanstatten arrangement of the carbides ensures a longer time to rupture at elevated temperatures than a ferritic—pearlitic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713094
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of prolonged aging on the susceptibility to brittle fracture of steel 15GS (1982)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 24 (1982), S. 162-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Prolonged aging of steel 15GS leads to embrittlement of both deformed and undeformed samples. The most sensitive embrittlement criteria in the aging process are the work of crack propagation and the ductile-brittle transition temperature T50. Originaltreatment Composition, % C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu S P Normalization 0,15 0,85 0,98 0,26 0,20 0,16 0,023 0,029 Hot rolling 0,14 0,80 1,13 0,17 0,08 0,17 0,021 0,021 2. High-temperature tempering eliminates the susceptibility of the deformed steel to embrittlement in the process of aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01166843
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