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  • 1
    Unknown
    Integrable Systems and Applications : Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Oléron, France June 20–24, 1988 (1989)
    Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783540516156
    URL: http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=book&isbn=978-3-540-51615-6
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation and carbon storage in silty soil using physical fractionation techniques (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil texture and degree of aggregation affect the stabilization of organic matter. We studied their influences in silty soils using samples from two field experiments with contrasting long-term use (cropped versus bare fallow). The cropped soil had a larger organic C content than the bare fallow, and allowed us to compare a soil with pools of organic C differing in turnover time with a soil dominated by the passive organic C pool. Increasingly dispersive treatments applied to the soils yielded aggregates of various sizes, stabilities, and organic matter contents. We found an intimate interaction between soil structure and organic matter by demonstrating that aggregation is hierarchical and that active pools of organic matter are responsible for this hierarchy. Microaggregates were found to consist of a constant ratio of clay to silt particle-size fractions. We propose that such a property be used to estimate true microaggregation and aggregate stability by estimating the amount of soil material dispersed by a given treatment. Organic matter associated with clay is confirmed as an important sink of long-term stabilized C, and it appears to have been increasingly preserved when in increasingly larger aggregates. However, most of the soil mass and associated organic C is in smaller aggregates. We hypothesize that the physical protection within macroaggregates does not directly control long-term stabilization of organic C in the soil, but rather contributes indirectly through the time and local conditions it offers for organic matter to gain chemical or physico-chemical protection by interacting with the soil environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1351-0754.2004.0608.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxide oxidation of clay-associated organic matter in a cultivation chronosequence (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Current models of soil organic carbon (SOC) include a passive pool representing refractory soil organic matter (RSOM) with turnover times of hundreds to thousands of years. These models suggest that, as total soil C is depleted, it becomes proportionally enriched in RSOM. The objectives of our study were to quantify clay-associated organic matter resistant to peroxide treatment in soils presumed to have differing proportions of RSOM, hypothesizing that peroxide-resistant C in the clay fraction belongs to RSOM, and that its proportion will increase with total C depletion. Clay fractions (〈 2 µm) from three soils from a cultivation sequence, differing in the duration of cultivation, one long-term cultivated soil and one long-term bare fallow soil corresponded to samples increasingly depleted in total organic C. Samples were suspended in 30% hydrogen peroxide and treated until no changes in C concentration were observed. Total C in the clay-peroxide suspensions decreased exponentially and displayed kinetics corresponding to labile, intermediate and peroxide-resistant pools. Carbon isotope analyses showed an enrichment of 13C in samples after peroxide treatment, compared with before, that decreased from 8‰ in forest samples to 0‰ in long-term bare fallow. The proportion of peroxide-resistant C did not differ between soils and represented 12% of initial clay-associated organic C. No proportional increase with soil C depletion was observed and when expressed on a whole-soil basis, the results underestimated proposed values for the RSOM pool, suggesting that peroxide treatment may not be appropriate for the estimation of the RSOM pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00626.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turnover of clay-associated organic nitrogen in the different aggregate-size classes of a cultivated silty loam (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 47 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil aggregates are known to protect organic matter against microbial attack, and thereby stabilize it. The scale at which aggregation is effective and the degree of control it exerts on organic matter transformations are not well known. I investigated whether rapid and slow pools of organic nitrogen bound to the 〈2-μm clay fraction could be related to different locations of the clay fraction in the soil structure. Dry aggregates were separated from soil to which 15N had been added for 4 years in a field experiment. Soil samples were at maximal immobilization of a labelled inorganic N dressing, and after 1 and 3 years of the beginning of the remineralization phase. Clay-sized particle fractions (〈 2 μm) were.separated from the different aggregate-size classes, and their total C and N contents, and 15N isotopic excess, were determined. It seems that recently immobilized N associated with the clay fraction was rapidly sequestered in microaggregates (〈 0.1 mm). The results also suggest a relation between the fast decay of part of the clay-associated N and its location on the macroaggregate scale (〉0.1 mm) of soil structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01402.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medium-term transformations of organic N in a cultivated soil (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: We followed in situ the evolution of nitrogen recently incorporated into a soil under maize culture for 4 years. Each year, a different pair of plots treated by removal or return of maize crop residues received a single pulse of 15N-labelled fertilizer. Unlabelled fertilizer was otherwise supplied. In parallel, plots supplied with unlabelled fertilizer received a single pulse of 15N-labelled maize crop residues.Varying weather affected total and fertilizer-derived N in the crop and residual inorganic N in the topsoil, but it did not affect fertilizer-N immobilization and remineralization. There was no consistent effect of crop residue return on total soil N, immobilization of fertilizer N, or the decay kinetics of recently immobilized N.Recently incorporated organic N from crop residues and microbial immobilization of inorganic N displayed similar mid-term decay kinetics. Crop residue N and immobilized N enter a labile compartment with an average residence time of a few months. A proportion, estimated at 28%, enters a more stable compartment from which the mineralization was imperceptible in 4 years. Particle-size fractions 〉50 um, which receive most of the crop residue N, retained it for only a short time. The mid-term stabilization of N was mainly in soil fractions 〈50 um.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1995.tb01346.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facile synthesis of vinylic cyclopropanes carboxylates with Bis [ethylene gis(diphenylphosphine)] palladium (0) as catalyst
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 23 (1982), S. 5027-5030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)85564-1
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkylations catalysees par le palladium des monoacetates du butene-2- diol-1,4 et de l'hexene-3 diols-2,5. Synthese d'hydroxy- 6 alkenoates (E) ou (Z)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 23 (1982), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)86823-9
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regio-and stereoselective palladium catalyzed amination of allylic substrates. Synthesis of E-4-amino-2-alken-1-ol derivatives
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 24 (1983), S. 2745-2748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)88011-9
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-18, deuterium and carbon-13 content of organic matter from litter and humus layers in Podzolic soils
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Catena 10 (1983), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0341-8162
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(83)80013-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral distributions and generalization of Stone's theorem (1993)
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 31 (1993), S. 275-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 47B40 ; 47A60 ; Spectral distribution ; scalar-type spectral operators ; Stone's theorem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we introduce the notion ofspectral distribution which is a generalization of the spectral measure. This notion is closely related to distribution semigroups and generalized scalar operators. The associated operator (called themomentum of the spectral distribution) has a functional calculus defined for infinitely differentiable functions on the real line. Our main result says thatA generating a smooth distribution group of orderk is equivalent to having ak-times integrated group that are O(¦t¦ k ) oriA being the momentum of a spectral distribution of degreek. We obtain the standard version of Stone's theorem as a special case of this result. The standard properties of a functional calculus together with spectral mapping theorem are derived. Finally, we show how the degree of a spectral distribution is related to the degree of the nilpotent operators which separate its momentum from its scalar part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997121
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