ALBERT

Description: Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) aerosol samples were collected daily during the Stratospheric ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere (SHIVA) cruise (FS Sonne, SO218) during 16 - 28 November 2011 through the South China and Sulu Seas. The samples were collected by Birgit Quack and Anke Schneider of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situation on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse and collection time for each sample varied between 13.0 and 24.7 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate and Br- were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol m-3) and iodine species (in pmol m-3). The data for iodine species are reported in “The influence of collection substrate and extraction method on the speciation of soluble iodine in atmospheric aerosols”, Chan Yodle, Alex R. Baker, in preparation for Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

Description: Size segregated aerosol samples were collected during the OASIS (“Organic very short lived substances and their Air Sea Exchange from the Indian Ocean to the Stratosphere”) cruises (FS Sonne, SO234-2 & SO235) during 8 - 20 July & 23 July – 7 August 2014 in the southern Indian Ocean (~30 E - 75 E, 30 S – 5 N). The samples were collected by Birgit Quack of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situated on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse and was connected to an automatic wind sector controller to prevent contamination of the samples from the ship's stack. Most samples were collected using a Sierra-type cascade impactor to separate the aerosol particles at an aerodynamic diameter cutoff of 1 µm. Collection time for these samples varied between 27.7 and 46.9 hours. For one sample, 6 impactor stages and a backup filter were used to give more detailed information aerosol size distribution. This sample was collected over 91.7 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate, Br- and methanesulfonate were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol/m³) and iodine species (in pmol/ m³).

Description: Size segregated aerosol samples were collected during the Very short lived bromine compounds in the ocean and their transport pathways into the stratosphere (TransBrom) cruise (FS Sonne, SO202) during 9 - 25 October 2009 in the western Pacific Ocean (~141 E - 146 E, 20 S – 43 N). The samples were collected by Christian Müller, Sebastian Wache and Arne Lanatowitz of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situated on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse. Samples were collected using a Sierra-type cascade impactor to separate the aerosol particles at an aerodynamic diameter cutoff of 1 µm. Collection time for the samples varied between 20.3 and 26.8 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate, Br- and methanesulfonate were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol/m³) and iodine species (in pmol/m³).

Description: Size segregated aerosol samples were collected during the M138 cruise (FS Meteor) during 6 June - 1 July 2017 in the eastern Pacific Ocean (~86 W - 76 W, 16 S – 5 N). The samples were collected by Hermann Bange of GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The aerosol sampler was situated on the roof of the ship's wheelhouse and its operation was controlled by an automatic wind sector controller to prevent contamination from the ship's stack. Samples were collected using a Sierra-type cascade impactor to separate the aerosol particles at an aerodynamic diameter cutoff of 1 µm. Collection time for these samples varied between 14.3 and 65.2 hours. Samples were extracted with ultrapure water and the major ions Na+, NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, oxalate, Br- and methanesulfonate were determined by ion chromatography (IC). Total soluble iodine (TSI) was determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) were determined by IC-ICP-MS. Analysis work was performed by Andrew Smith of University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. The dataset contains the atmospheric concentrations of all measured soluble major ions (in nmol/m³)) and iodine species (in in pmol/m³). The data are reported in “Soluble iodine speciation in marine aerosols across the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins”, E. Droste et al., Frontiers in Marine Science, in preparation, (2021).

Description: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González.

Description: In this work we describe the compilation and homogenization of an extensive dataset of aerosol iodine field observations in the period between 1963 and 2018 and we discuss the spatial and temporal dependences of total iodine in bulk aerosol by comparing the observations with CAM-Chem model imulations. Total iodine in aerosol shows a distinct latitudinal dependence, with an enhancement towards the northern hemisphere (NH) tropics and lower values towards the poles. This behavior, which has been predicted by atmospheric models to depend on the global distribution of the main ceanic iodine source (which in turn depends on the reaction of surface ozone with aqueous iodide on he sea water-air interface, generating gas-phase I2 and HOI), is confirmed here by field observations for the first time. Longitudinally, there is some indication of a wave-one profile in the Tropics, which peaks in the Atlantic and shows a minimum in the Pacific, following the wave-one longitudinal variation of tropical tropospheric ozone. New data from Antarctica show that the south polar seasonal variation of iodine in aerosol mirrors that observed previously in the Arctic, with two equinoctial maxima and the dominant maximum occurring in spring. While no clear seasonal variability is observed in NH middle latitudes, there is an indication of different seasonal cycles in the NH tropical Atlantic and Pacific. A weak positive long-term trend is observed in the tropical annual averages, which is consistent with an enhancement of the anthropogenic ozone-driven global oceanic source of iodine over the last 50 years.

Description: We present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn, and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, while 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% [dissolved Cd, DCd] and −2.43% [DZn] of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter + diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump.

Description: Key Points: Bio‐essential element concentrations in surface waters decreased from spring to summer with removal ratios reflecting biological uptake. Effects of volcanic inputs from Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010 were pronounced for Al, Mn, and Zn but returned to typical levels in summer. Deep winter convection dominated trace element supply to surface waters with minor contributions from atmospheric and diffusive mixing.

Description: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153

Description: Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270