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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 297 (1982), S. 400-402 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Three experiments were performed to determine the effects of SO2 on freezing resistance. In the first, six 1-week-old seedlings of L. perenne cv. S23 were planted in each of 90 7-cm plastic pots containing standard garden potting compost and these were fumigated for 3 weeks in wind tunnels. During ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 42 (1975), S. 65-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The general form of the Lagrangian equations of motion is derived for a spinning particle having arbitrary multipole structure in arbitrary external fields. It is then shown how these equations, together with the complete system of field equations can be recovered from a fourdimensional action integral representing a polarized dustlike medium interacting with an arbitrary set of fields. These general results are then specialized to the case of Einstein-Maxwell fields in order to obtain the general-relativistic extension of Lorentz's dielectric theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-02-16
    Description: A range of future climate scenarios are projected for high atmospheric CO2 concentrations, given uncertainties over future human actions as well as potential environmental and climatic feedbacks. The geological record offers an opportunity to understand climate system response to a range of forcings and feedbacks which operate over multiple temporal and spatial scales. Here, we examine a single interglacial during the late Pliocene (KM5c, ca. 3.205±0.01 Ma) when atmospheric CO2 exceeded pre-industrial concentrations, but were similar to today and to the lowest emission scenarios for this century. As orbital forcing and continental configurations were almost identical to today, we are able to focus on equilibrium climate system response to modern and near-future CO2. Using proxy data from 32 sites, we demonstrate that global mean sea-surface temperatures were warmer than pre-industrial values, by ∼2.3°C for the combined proxy data (foraminifera Mg∕Ca and alkenones), or by ∼3.2–3.4°C (alkenones only). Compared to the pre-industrial period, reduced meridional gradients and enhanced warming in the North Atlantic are consistently reconstructed. There is broad agreement between data and models at the global scale, with regional differences reflecting ocean circulation and/or proxy signals. An uneven distribution of proxy data in time and space does, however, add uncertainty to our anomaly calculations. The reconstructed global mean sea-surface temperature anomaly for KM5c is warmer than all but three of the PlioMIP2 model outputs, and the reconstructed North Atlantic data tend to align with the warmest KM5c model values. Our results demonstrate that even under low-CO2 emission scenarios, surface ocean warming may be expected to exceed model projections and will be accentuated in the higher latitudes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-02-25
    Description: International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382 in the Scotia Sea’s Iceberg Alley recovered among the most continuous and highest resolution stratigraphic records in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica spanning the last 3.3 Myr. Sites drilled in Dove Basin (U1536/U1537) have well‐resolved magnetostratigraphy and a strong imprint of orbital forcing in their lithostratigraphy. All magnetic reversals of the last 3.3 Myr are identified, providing a robust age model independent of orbital tuning. During the Pleistocene, alternation of terrigenous versus diatomaceous facies shows power in the eccentricity and obliquity frequencies comparable to the amplitude modulation of benthic δ18O records. This suggests that variations in Dove Basin lithostratigraphy during the Pleistocene reflect a similar history as globally integrated ice volume at these frequencies. However, power in the precession frequencies over the entire ∼3.3 Myr record does not match the amplitude modulation of benthic δ18O records, suggesting Dove Basin contains a unique record at these frequencies. Comparing the position of magnetic reversals relative to local facies changes in Dove Basin and the same magnetic reversals relative to benthic δ18O at North Atlantic IODP Site U1308, we demonstrate Dove Basin facies change at different times than benthic δ18O during intervals between ∼3 and 1 Ma. These differences are consistent with precession phase shifts and suggest climate signals with a Southern Hemisphere summer insolation phase were recorded around Antarctica. If Dove Basin lithology reflects local Antarctic ice volume changes, these signals could represent ice sheet precession‐paced variations not captured in benthic δ18O during the 41‐kyr world.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-12-12
    Description: Scotia Sea and the Drake Passage is key towards understanding the development of modern oceanic circulation patterns and their implications for ice sheet growth and decay. The sedimentary record of the southern Scotia Sea basins documents the regional tectonic, oceanographic and climatic evolution since the Eocene. However, a lack of accurate age estimations has prevented the calibration of the reconstructed history. The upper sedimentary record of the Scotia Sea was scientifically drilled for the first time in 2019 during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382, recovering sediments down to ∼643 and 676 m below sea floor in the Dove and Pirie basins respectively. Here, we report newly acquired high resolution physical properties data and the first accurate age constraints for the seismic sequences of the upper sedimentary record of the Scotia Sea to the late Miocene. The drilled record contains four basin-wide reflectors – Reflector-c, -b, -a and -a' previously estimated to be ∼12.6 Ma, ∼6.4 Ma, ∼3.8 Ma and ∼2.6 Ma, respectively. By extrapolating our new Scotia Sea age model to previous morpho-structural and seismic-stratigraphic analyses of the wider region we found, however, that the four discontinuities drilled are much younger than previously thought. Reflector-c actually formed before 8.4 Ma, Reflector-b at ∼4.5/3.7 Ma, Reflector-a at ∼1.7 Ma, and Reflector-a' at ∼0.4 Ma. Our updated age model of these discontinuities has major implications for their correlation with regional tectonic, oceanographic and cryospheric events. According to our results, the outflow of Antarctic Bottom Water to northern latitudes controlled the Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow from late Miocene. Subsequent variability of the Antarctic ice sheets has influenced the oceanic circulation pattern linked to major global climatic changes during early Pliocene, Mid-Pleistocene and the Marine Isotope Stage 11.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-12-13
    Description: Erosion, sediment production, and routing on a tectonically active continental margin reflect both tectonic and climatic processes; partitioning the relative importance of these processes remains controversial. Gulf of Alaska contains a preserved sedimentary record of the Yakutat Terrane collision with North America. Because tectonic convergence in the coastal St. Elias orogen has been roughly constant for 6 My, variations in its eroded sediments preserved in the offshore Surveyor Fan constrain a budget of tectonic material influx, erosion, and sediment output. Seismically imaged sediment volumes calibrated with chronologies derived from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program boreholes show that erosion accelerated in response to Northern Hemisphere glacial intensification (∼2.7 Ma) and that the 900-km-long Surveyor Channel inception appears to correlate with this event. However, tectonic influx exceeded integrated sediment efflux over the interval 2.8–1.2 Ma. Volumetric erosion accelerated following the onset of quasi-periodic (∼100-ky) glacial cycles in the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (1.2–0.7 Ma). Since then, erosion and transport of material out of the orogen has outpaced tectonic influx by 50–80%. Such a rapid net mass loss explains apparent increases in exhumation rates inferred onshore from exposure dates and mapped out-of-sequence fault patterns. The 1.2-My mass budget imbalance must relax back toward equilibrium in balance with tectonic influx over the timescale of orogenic wedge response (millions of years). The St. Elias Range provides a key example of how active orogenic systems respond to transient mass fluxes, and of the possible influence of climate-driven erosive processes that diverge from equilibrium on the million-year scale.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present a compilation of measurements of bedrock Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic composition across the North American Southwest from the published literature. These datasets allow us to identify the isotopic signature of aeolian material exported from the North American Southwest and explore the contribution of dust to the California Borderland Basins.
    Keywords: dust; LATITUDE; lead; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio; Location; LONGITUDE; Neodymium; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio; North America; paleoclimatology; Quaternary; Radiogenic isotopes; Reference/source; Sample code/label; Strontium (Sr); Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; ε-Neodymium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 38086 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic signatures were measured on a suite of surface sediment samples from nine different playa lakes across the Mojave Desert. All sediment samples had carbonates and organic material removed before full chemical digestion prior to analysis. Ferromanganese coatings were also removed in a subset of samples, with no notable isotopic effect from an anthropogenic contribution of Pb detected.
    Keywords: AF; Comment; DH; dust; EM; Event label; LATITUDE; lead; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio; LONGITUDE; Mojave_AF; Mojave_DH; Mojave_EM; Mojave_RL; Mojave_RO; Mojave_SF; Mojave_SI; Mojave_SO; Mojave_YF; Mojave, California, U.S.A.; Neodymium; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio, error; North America; paleoclimatology; Quaternary; Radiogenic isotopes; RL; RO; Sample code/label; Sediment sample; SES; SF; SI; SO; Strontium (Sr); Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error; YF; ε-Neodymium; ε-Neodymium, error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 334 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-02-07
    Description: Strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic signatures were measured on sediment samples from silt mantles that drape the bedrock of Anacapa and San Clemente Islands offshore California. These silt mantles are interpreted to be aeolian in origin and were deposited in the Late Quaternary (Muhs et al. 2007). All sediment samples had carbonates, organic material, biogenic silica and Fe-Mn oxides removed before full chemical digestion prior to analysis. Size fractions analysed were 〈63 μm and 〈10 μm.
    Keywords: ANA; Channel Islands, California, U.S.A.; dust; Event label; Grain size, maximum; LATITUDE; lead; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio; LONGITUDE; Neodymium; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio, error; North America; paleoclimatology; Quaternary; Radiogenic isotopes; Sample code/label; SCl; Sediment sample; SES; SiltMantles_ANA; SiltMantles_SCl; Strontium (Sr); Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error; ε-Neodymium; ε-Neodymium, error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 154 data points
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lang, David C; Bailey, Ian; Wilson, Paul A; Chalk, Thomas B; Foster, Gavin L; Gutjahr, Marcus (2016): Incursions of southern-sourced water into the deep North Atlantic during late Pliocene glacial intensification. Nature Geoscience, 9(5), 375-379, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2688
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Description: The circulation and internal structure of the oceans exert a strong influence on Earth's climate because they control latitudinal heat transport and the segregation of carbon between the atmosphere and the abyss (Sigman et al., 2010, doi:10.1038/nature09149). Circulation change, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean, is widely suggested (Bartoli et al., 2005, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020; Haug and Tiedemann, 1998, doi:10.1038/31447; Woodard et al., 2014, doi:10.1126/science.1255586; McKay et al., 2012, doi:10.1073/pnas.1112248109) to have been instrumental in the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation when large ice sheets first developed on North America and Eurasia during the late Pliocene, approximately 2.7 million years ago (Bailey et al., 2013, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.06.004). Yet the mechanistic link and cause/effect relationship between ocean circulation and glaciation are debated. Here we present new records of North Atlantic Ocean structure using the carbon and neodymium isotopic composition of marine sediments recording deep water for both the Last Glacial to Holocene (35-5 thousand years ago) and the late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene (3.3-2.4 million years ago). Our data show no secular change. Instead we document major southern-sourced water incursions into the deep North Atlantic during prominent glacials from 2.7 million years ago. Our results suggest that Atlantic circulation acts as a positive feedback rather than as an underlying cause of late Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation. We propose that, once surface Southern Ocean stratification (Sigman, et al., 2004, doi:10.1038/nature02357) and/or extensive sea-ice cover (McKay et al., 2012, doi:10.1073/pnas.1112248109) was established, cold-stage expansions of southern-sourced water such as those documented here enhanced carbon dioxide storage in the deep ocean, helping to increase the amplitude of glacial cycles.
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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