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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Bioactive Diterpenoids from Aframomum aulacocarpos (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 57 (1994), S. 917-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50109a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic products of microorganisms (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Antibiotics from Aspergilli ; Cladosporin ; Dimethyl cladosporin ; Asperentin ; Isocoumarins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cladosporin was isolated from the cultures of three species of the genus Eurotium. Cladosporin inhibited the growth of several fungi and at very low concentrations the growth of Bacillus brevis and Clostridium pasteurianum. Bacillus subtilis and most other Gram-positive bacteria were not sensitive. Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were not affected by concentrations up to 100 μg/ml. Dimethyl cladosporin showed only weak activity against Bacillus brevis with the minimal inhibitory concentrations being a 100 times higher than of cladosporin. The incorporation of leucine and uracil into acid insoluble material in Bacillus brevis cells was completely inhibited by concentration of 0.5 μg/ml cladosporin. The incorporation of thymidine was not affected at this concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417848
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic products of microorganisms. 192. The anthraquinones of the Aspergillus glaucus group. II. Biological activity (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Polyhydroxvanthraquinones ; Catenarin ; Emodin ; Erythrogtaucin ; Physcion ; Rubrocristin ; Viocristin ; Aspergillus cristatus ; Bacillus brevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From the mycelia of Aspergillus cristatus the following anthraquionic pigments were isolated: catenarin, emodin, erythroglaucin, rubrocristin, physcion, physcion-9-anthrone, questin, viocristin, and isoviocristin. The latter two do not belong to the 9, 10-anthraquinone series but to the 1,4-anthraquinones, and so far they have not been reported among naturally occurring quinones. Emodin, catenarin, viocristin, and isoviocristin snowed antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1–10 μg/ml. In Bacillus brevis catenarin and emodin inhibited the incorporation of uracil and leucine preferentially. At higher concentrations the incorporation of thymidine into the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable fraction of cells was also affected. In the presence of viocristin or isoviocristin all three macromolecular syntheses came to a halt. Rubrocristin, erythroglaucin, and physcion showed no significant inhibitory effects. In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells catenarin, emodin, and viocristin inhibited the incorporation of uridine and thymidine. The incorporation of leucine was hardly affected. In vitro, inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli by catenarin and to a lesser extent by emodin was observed, whereas rubrocristin (catenarin-8-methyl ether), physcion, and erythroglaucin were not active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409925
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1-Methoxypyrene and 1,6-dimethoxypyrene: two novel metabolites in fungal metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 167 (1997), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Fungi ; Biodegradation ; Biotransformation ; Methoxy-PAHs ; Methyl conjugation ; O-methylation ; O-methyltransferase ; Fungal secondary metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The metabolism of pyrene by Penicillium glabrum strain TW 9424, a strain isolated from a site contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in submerged cultures. The metabolites formed were identified as 1-hydroxypyrene, 1,6- and 1,8-dihydroxypyrene, 1,6- and 1,8-pyrenequinone, and 1-pyrenyl sulfate. In addition, two new metabolites were isolated and identified by UV, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy as 1-methoxypyrene and 1,6-dimethoxypyrene. Experiments with [methyl-3H]S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) revealed that SAM is the coenzyme that provides the methyl group for the methyltransferase involved. To our knowledge, this is the first time that methoxylated metabolites of PAHs have been isolated from fungal cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050449
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic products of microorganisms. 185. The anthraquinones of the Aspergillus glaucus group. I. Occurrence, isolation, identification and antimicrobial activity (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Antibiotics from Aspergilli ; Emodin ; Erythroglaucin ; Physcion ; Physcion-9-anthrone ; Questin ; Catenarin ; Rubrocristin ; Anthraquinones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of emodin, erythroglaucin, physcion, physcion-9-anthrone, questin, catenarin, and catenarin-8-methyl ether in different species of the Aspergillus glaucus group (genus Eurotium) was investigated. So far catenarin-8-methyl ether (1, 4, 6-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone) has not been described as a natural product; it was therefore given the name rubrocristin. The chemical and physical properties of rubrocristin are reported. In addition a new violet pigment (C16H12O5) was isolated and characterized by its MS-, IR- and UV-spectra. The antimicrobial properties of all substances were examined in the agar diffusion assay. Gram-positive bacteria were the most sensitive organisms and catenarin was the most active naturally occurring substance. Synthetically obtained 1, 4, 6, 8-tetrahydroxy-anthraquinone was slightly more active than catenarin, whereas rubrocristin showed no antibacterial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409924
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linoleic acid — The nematicidal principle of several nematophagous fungi and its production in trap-forming submerged cultures (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nematophagous fungi ; Arthrobotrys-linoleic acid ; Nematicidal acitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Linoleic acid was shown to be the only detectable nematicidal agent in the mycelial extracts of several predacious fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys. Although the compound is present in saprophytic cultures, induction of trap formation by nematodes or phenylalnyl-valine caused a significant increase in its production. In submerged cultures, the number of traps formed by Arthrobotrys conoides and Arthrobotrys oligospora was directly correlated to the increase of the concentration of linoleic acid. In A. conoides, the ratio of ergosterol to linoleic acid decreased from 2.6 in saprophytic cultures to 1.1 in trap-forming cultures induced with nematodes. Linoleic acid exhibited nematicidal activities towards the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with an LD50 value of 5 μg/ml.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal transduction leading to appressorium formation in germinating conidia of Magnaporthe grisea: effects of second messengers diacylglycerols, ceramides and sphingomyelin (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 156 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The inhibition of appressorium formation in germinating conidiospores of Magnaporthe grisea on an inductive surface by glisoprenin A could be reversed in a competitive manner by 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, a known activator of protein kinase C. Dioctanoylglycerol and linoleic acid methyl ester induced appressorium formation on a noninductive surface. The effect of ceramides as inducers was heavily dependent on the fatty acid in the molecule. Ceramide IIIa containing linoleic acid was a good inducer whereas others had only weak effects. Sphingomyelin, however, inhibited appressorium formation induced by 1,16-hexadecanediol and to a lesser extent after induction with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate. The results are in agreement with our previous findings that in appressorium formation two signal transducing pathways are involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12710.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glisoprenin A, an inhibitor of the signal transduction pathway leading to appressorium formation in germinating conidia of Magnaporthe grisea on hydrophobic surfaces (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 151 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Glisoprenin A, a fungal metabolite obtained from submerged cultures of Gliocladium roseum, interfered with appressorium formation in germinating conidiospores of Magnaporthe grisea on hydrophobic surfaces. In the absence of a hydrophobic surface, induction of appressorium formation by cAMP, 8,4-chlorophenylthio-adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or 1,16-hexadecanediol, a plant wax component, was not affected. When the chemical signals were tested on a hydrophobic surface, however, no formation of infectious structures was observed in the presence of glisoprenin A. The results indicate that in appressorium formation two signal transducing pathways are involved, which operate partly independently of each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12573.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the ferrichrome A biosynthetic gene cluster in the homobasidiomycete Omphalotus olearius (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 249 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Under iron deprivation Omphalotus olearius was found to produce the hydroxamate siderophore ferrichrome A. A gene cluster consisting of three genes: fso1, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase whose expression is enhanced in the absence of iron; omo1, a l-ornithine-N5-monooxygenase; and ato1, an acyltransferase probably involved in the transfer of the methylglutaconyl residue to N5-hydroxyorinithine was identified. The fso1 sequence is interrupted by 48 introns and its derived protein sequence has a similar structure to the homologous genes of Ustilago maydis and Aspergillus nidulans. This is the first report of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene and a biosynthetic gene cluster in homobasidiomycetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of siderophores by strains of the genusTrichoderma (1991)
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Trichoderma ; Siderophores ; Fusigen ; Ferricrocin ; Palmitoylcoprogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The production of siderophores by nine strains (six species) of the genusTrichoderma was investigated. Under conditions of iron deficiency, the culture filtrate of all strains contained coprogen, coprogen B, and ferricrocin. In addition,T. longibrachiatum andT. pseudokoningii produced siderophores of the fusigen type. The yields of siderophores varied according to the strains examined from 270 mg/l (strain HA 34-88) to 2080 mg/l (strain HA 113-84). In extracts of the mycelia ofT. longibrachiatum andT. pseudokoningii no siderophores could be detected. From the mycelia of the other strains three siderophores, namely coprogen, ferricrocin and a new coprogen derivative which carried a palmitoyl instead of an acetyl group, were obtained. Palmitoylcoprogen is the first fungal siderophore which is solely found in the cells and is not excreted into the culture broth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141311
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