ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Piezoelectric crystal monitor for carbon dioxide in fermentation processes (1989)

Fatibello-Filho, Orlando ; De Andrade, Jose F. ; Suleiman, Ahmad A. ; [et al.]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Analytical chemistry 61 (1989), S. 746-748

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ISSN: 1520-6882

Source: ACS Legacy Archives

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00182a021

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2

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Regulation of water flux through trunks, branches, and leaves in trees of a lowland tropical forest (1998)

Andrade, José Luis ; Meinzer, Frederick C. ; Goldstein, Guillermo ; [et al.]

Springer

Oecologia 115 (1998), S. 463-471

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Key words Hydraulic conductance ; Sap flow ; Stomata ; Transpiration ; Tropical forest trees

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We studied regulation of whole-tree water use in individuals of five diverse canopy tree species growing in a Panamanian seasonal forest. A construction crane equipped with a gondola was used to access the upper crowns and points along the branches and trunks of the study trees for making concurrent measurements of sap flow at the whole-tree and branch levels, and vapor phase conductances and water status at the leaf level. These measurements were integrated to assess physiological regulation of water use from the whole-tree to the single-leaf scale. Whole-tree water use ranged from 379 kg day−1 in a 35 m-tall Anacardium excelsum tree to 46 kg day−1 in an 18 m-tall Cecropia longipes tree. The dependence of whole-tree and branch sap velocity and sap flow on sapwood area was essentially identical in the five trees studied. However, large differences in transpiration per unit leaf area (E) among individuals and among branches on the same individual were observed. These differences were substantially reduced when E was normalized by the corresponding branch leaf area:sapwood area ratio (LA/SA). Variation in stomatal conductance (g s) and crown conductance (g c), a total vapor phase conductance that includes stomatal and boundary layer components, was closely associated with variation in the leaf area-specific total hydraulic conductance of the soil/leaf pathway (G t). Vapor phase conductance in all five trees responded similarly to variation in G t. Large diurnal variations in G t were associated with diurnal variation in exchange of water between the transpiration stream and internal stem storage compartments. Differences in stomatal regulation of transpiration on a leaf area basis appeared to be governed largely by tree size and hydraulic architectural features rather than physiological differences in the responsiveness of stomata. We suggest that reliance on measurements gathered at a single scale or inadequate range of scale may result in misleading conclusions concerning physiological differences in regulation of transpiration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050542

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3

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Partitioning of soil water among canopy trees in a seasonally dry tropical forest (1999)

Meinzer, F. C. ; Andrade, José Luis ; Goldstein, Guillermo ; [et al.]

Springer

Oecologia 121 (1999), S. 293-301

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Key words Roots ; Sap flow ; Leaf phenology ; Stable hydrogen isotope ratio ; Panama

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Little is known about partitioning of soil water resources in species-rich, seasonally dry tropical forests. We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of soil water utilization in several canopy tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, during the 1997 dry season. Stable hydrogen isotope composition (δD) of xylem and soil water, soil volumetric water content (θv), and sap flow were measured concurrently. Evaporative fractionation near the soil surface caused soil water δD to decrease from about –15‰ at 0.1 m to –50 to –55‰ at 1.2 m depth. Groundwater sampled at the sources of nearby springs during this period yielded an average δD value of –60‰. θv increased sharply and nearly linearly with depth to 0.7 m, then increased more slowly between 0.7 and 1.05 m. Based on xylem δD values, water uptake in some individual plants appeared to be restricted largely to the upper 20 cm of the soil profile where θv dropped below 20% during the dry season. In contrast, other individuals appeared to have access to water at depths greater than 1 m where θv remained above 45% throughout the dry season. The depths of water sources for trees with intermediate xylem δD values were less certain because variation in soil water δD between 20 and 70 cm was relatively small. Xylem water δD was also strongly dependent on tree size (diameter at breast height), with smaller trees appearing to preferentially tap deeper sources of soil water than larger trees. This relationship appeared to be species independent. Trees able to exploit progressively deeper sources of soil water during the dry season, as indicated by increasingly negative xylem δD values, were also able to maintain constant or even increase rates of water use. Seasonal courses of water use and soil water partitioning were associated with leaf phenology. Species with the smallest seasonal variability in leaf fall were also able to tap increasingly deep sources of soil water as the dry season progressed. Comparison of xylem, soil, and groundwater δD values thus pointed to spatial and temporal partitioning of water resources among several tropical forest canopy tree species during the dry season.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050931

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4

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Gastric evacuation and feeding in the gilthead sea bream reared under semi-intensive conditions (1996)

Andrade, José ; Erzini, Karim ; Palma, Jorge

Springer

Aquaculture international 4 (1996), S. 129-141

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ISSN: 1573-143X

Keywords: Daily food consumption ; Gastric evacuation ; Sea bream (Sparus aurata) ; Stomach contents

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Gastric evacuation rates of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, fed with commercial pelleted food and polychaetes (Nereis diversicolor) were determined under experimental conditions. The estimated gastric evacuation rate for pelleted food was 7.97% h−1, with a total time of digestion of approximately 9 h. The respective values for the natural food were 6.24% h−1, with a total digestion time of approximately 12 h. The daily consumption of fish reared in earth ponds in a semi-intensive aquaculture facility was estimated through 24 h cycles performed between April and August. The daily consumption varied from 18.58 to 31.98 mg g−1. There was a constant increase in the average daily consumption per individual of 1.8–4.6 g (dry weight). During these cycles, samples of stomachs were taken and the contents preserved for further observation. The feeding behaviour of the reared fish was compared with a fish sample caught in the Ria Formosa lagoon. No common species were found between samples. A total of 38 prey were identified, which suggests that the gilthead sea bream is a non-specific predator. Despite the high abundance of natural prey in the ponds, the dependence of sea bream on pelleted food was high.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140594

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Pilot-scale production of mysid shrimp in a static water system (1998)

Domingues, Pedro M. ; Turk, Philip E. ; Andrade, Jose P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Aquaculture international 6 (1998), S. 387-402

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ISSN: 1573-143X

Keywords: Live feed production ; Mysids (Mysidopsis almyra) ; Water quality

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the potential for large scale culture of the mysid shrimp Mysidopsis almyra. Reproduction was consistent, as newly hatched mysids were always present in the culture trays. At the end of 45 day preliminary trials, the populations in the culture trays had increased 323.3% and 256.6%. A larger pilot-scale system connected to a biological filtration tank was constructed and operated for 17 weeks. Two rectangular trays (125 cm × 50 cm × 8 cm deep) were placed one above the other; water volume in each tray was 20 l. The room was kept dark. Temperatures were maintained at 26(2) °C and salinities at 20(2)‰. A total of 1,000 adult mysids were placed in the culture tray and the hatchlings were collected and moved into a hatchling tray. Water circulation was static except for twice-daily water exchanges; newly hatched Artemia nauplii (24 h incubation) were fed to the mysids immediately after each water exchange. Feeding presented no technical problem to the pilot-scale culture of mysids in static water systems but the cost of Artemia did represent the largest expense. Mean (SD) mysid production throughout the 17 weeks of the trial was 133(69) hatchlings d–1 with highest production [244(30) hatchlings d–1] occurring between weeks 11 and 13. Mean survival in the hatchling tray after the 14 day growth periods was 41.4%. Reproduction occurred at ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen concentrations as high as 1.5 mg l–1 and 0.250 mg l–1 respectively, and at pH values as low as 7.6. When pH decreased to 7.38, reproduction halted abruptly and mortality increased sharply. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009232921784

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6

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Mathematical Modeling of the First Inflation of Degassed Lungs (1998)

Suki, Béla ; Andrade, José S. ; Coughlin, Mark F. ; [et al.]

Springer

Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 608-617

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ISSN: 1573-9686

Keywords: Pressure–volume relation ; Airways ; Alveoli ; Avalanches ; Surface tension ; Modeling ; Inflation ; Lung ; Lung: mechanics

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Abstract The pressure–volume (P-V) relationship of degassed lungs during the first inflation is different from that in consecutive inflations. We developed a mathematical model of the P-V curve of the first inflation by assuming that (1) central airways are open leading to many subtrees of n generations that are initially closed; (2) an airway opens when inflation pressure reaches the opening threshold pressure of that segment; and (3) the opening threshold pressures do not depend on airway generation. In this model, airway opening occurs in cascades or avalanches. To test the model which contains only two parameters, n and a pressure, Plow, at which at least one subtree completely opens, we measured the first inflation P-V curves of 15 excised and degassed rabbit lungs. By fitting these data, we found that n=17±5, Plow=23 ± 4 cmH2O, and that there is a wide distribution of threshold pressures for airways with diameters 〈2 mm. Analysis of the P-V curve in a lung which was lavaged with a liquid of constant surface tension and in which airways are presumably open demonstrated that the distribution of threshold pressures is narrow, and hence no avalanches occur during inflation. We conclude that in normal lungs the first inflation is dominated by avalanche behavior of airway opening providing information on the global distribution of threshold pressures and the average site of airway closure. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8745Hw, 8710+e

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.126

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7

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On the permeability of binary packings of spheres (1992)

Andrade, José S. ; Rajagopal, Krishnaswamy ; Benyahia, Farid ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 15 (1992), S. 11-14

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Macroscopic flow properties of packed beds are strongly dependent on the structure of the pore space. In the case of permeability, the classical approach in which this coefficient is related to the mean voidage cannot be systematically applied as a predictive methodology, because the mean voidage index does not account for the morphology and topology of the porous media. In this work, a modelling technique is developed which enables the effective permeability of a binary packing of spheres to be evaluated from a detailed structural and phenomenological description of the system. The results are then compared with experimental data to confirm the predictive capability of the model.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270150103

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