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  • 1
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    The dark portion of the Mediterranean Sea is a bioreactor of organic matter cycling (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-17
    Description: Total prokaryotic abundance, prokaryotic heterotrophic production and enzymatic activities were investigated in epi-, meso- and bathypelagic waters along a longitudinal transect covering the entire Mediterranean Sea. The prokaryotic production and enzymatic activities in deep waters were among the highest reported worldwide at similar depths, indicating that the peculiar physico-chemical characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by warm temperatures (typically 13°C also at abyssal depths), support high rates of organic carbon degradation and incorporation by prokaryotic assemblages. The higher trophic conditions in the epipelagic waters of the Western basin resulted in significantly higher prokaryotic production and enzymatic activities rates than in the Central-Eastern basin. While all of the variables decreased significantly from epi- to meso- and bathypelagic waters, cell-specific hydrolytic activity and cell-specific carbon production significantly increased. In addition, the deep-water layers were characterized by low half-saturation constants (Km) of all enzymatic activities. These findings suggest that prokaryotic assemblages inhabiting the dark portion of the Mediterranean Sea are able to channel degraded carbon into biomass in a very efficient way, and that prokaryotic assemblages of the deep Mediterranean waters work as a “bioreactor” of organic matter cycling. Since prokaryotic production and enzymatic activities in deep water masses were inversely related with oxygen concentration, we hypothesize a tight link between prokaryotic metabolism and oxygen consumption. As climate change is increasing deep-water temperatures, the predicted positive response of prokaryotic metabolism to temperature increases may accelerate oxygen depletion of deep Mediterranean waters, with cascade consequences on carbon cycling and biogeochemical processes on the entire deep basin.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Major viral impact on the functioning of benthic deep-sea ecosystems (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: Viruses are the most abundant biological organisms of the world's oceans. Viral infections are a substantial source of mortality in a range of organisms-including autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton-but their impact on the deep ocean and benthic biosphere is completely unknown. Here we report that viral production in deep-sea benthic ecosystems worldwide is extremely high, and that viral infections are responsible for the abatement of 80% of prokaryotic heterotrophic production. Virus-induced prokaryotic mortality increases with increasing water depth, and beneath a depth of 1,000 m nearly all of the prokaryotic heterotrophic production is transformed into organic detritus. The viral shunt, releasing on a global scale approximately 0.37-0.63 gigatonnes of carbon per year, is an essential source of labile organic detritus in the deep-sea ecosystems. This process sustains a high prokaryotic biomass and provides an important contribution to prokaryotic metabolism, allowing the system to cope with the severe organic resource limitation of deep-sea ecosystems. Our results indicate that viruses have an important role in global biogeochemical cycles, in deep-sea metabolism and the overall functioning of the largest ecosystem of our biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Danovaro, Roberto -- Dell'Anno, Antonio -- Corinaldesi, Cinzia -- Magagnini, Mirko -- Noble, Rachel -- Tamburini, Christian -- Weinbauer, Markus -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1084-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. r.danovaro@univpm.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/virology ; Heterotrophic Processes ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Microbial Viability ; Oceans and Seas ; Prokaryotic Cells/cytology/metabolism/virology ; Seawater/*virology ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses/isolation & purification/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Extracellular DNA plays a key role in deep-sea ecosystem functioning (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: The ecological role and biogeochemical relevance of extracellular DNA in the oceanic sediments are unknown. Our global estimates indicate that up to 0.45 gigatons of extracellular DNA are present in the top 10 centimeters of deep-sea sediments, representing the largest reservoir of DNA in the world oceans. We demonstrate that extracellular DNA accounts for about one fifth of the total organic phosphorus regeneration and provides almost half of the prokaryotic demand for organic phosphorus. It therefore plays a key role in deep-sea ecosystem functioning on a global scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dell'Anno, Antonio -- Danovaro, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2179.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; DNA/*analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Pigments, Biological/analysis ; Prokaryotic Cells/*metabolism ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates, Bacteria, and Labile Organic Compounds in Continental Shelf and Deep-Sea Sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean (1998)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 35 (1998), S. 244-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The abundance and biomass of heterotrophic nanoflagellates were examined in continental and deep-sea sediments of the Cretan Sea (Eastern Mediterranean); at depths of 40 to 1540 m. Nanoflagellate distribution was compared to the composition of sedimentary organic matter and bacterial standing stocks to investigate trophic interactions and factors potentially affecting distribution. Quantitative estimates were obtained using different samplers for testing whether the box corer is as effective as the multiplecorer for bacterial and protozoan population estimates. The sediments of the deep Cretan Sea appeared extremely deficient in organic nutrients, and were composed mostly (more than 90%) of detritus. Labile organic compounds (such as lipids, proteins, and soluble carbohydrates) were present at extremely low concentrations, decreasing with water depth. Refractory and structural carbohydrates were the dominant biochemical class. The decrease in food quality with depth was associated with a strong decline of the RNA:DNA ratio. Benthic bacteria were constrained by food availability, and reacted to different organic matter inputs (especially total carbohydrates) at different depths. Large size bacteria were significantly correlated with the amounts of proteins and chloroplastic pigments. Heterotrophic nanoflagellate distribution in the continental shelf and deep-sea sediments of the Cretan Sea was controlled by available food sources (i.e., labile organic compounds and bacteria). Flagellate density was significantly correlated with the concentration of food indicators (chlorophyll a, soluble carbohydrates, and lipids), and to bacterial number and biomass. Despite the oligotrophy of the system, flagellate densities were high (40–119 × 103 g−1) and dominated by small cells (3 to 6 μm in length). These results, coupled with the high nanoflagellate to bacterial biomass ratio (up to 0.27 at 40 m depth), suggest that benthic nanoflagellates may contribute significantly to the direct transfer of detrital carbon and bacterial biomass to the metazoan component of the food web in the Cretan Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002489900080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioremediation of Dredged Sediments Polluted by Heavy Metals (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 20-21 (July 2007), p. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present work deals with a bioremediation study of a heavy-metal polluted harboursediment, obtained from the Italian Adriatic Coast. Bioleaching of the sediment sample wasperformed with a mixed culture of acidophilic, chemi-autotrophic Fe/S oxidising bacteria. Theeffect of an anaerobic biostimulation pre-treatment on the extent of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg, As, Crextraction by bioleaching was evaluated. The biostimulation pre-treatment was intended tostimulate autochthonous sulfate reducing strains, to enhance the sulfide fraction in the sediment, tofavour subsequent activity of reduced-sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the subsequent bioaugmentation(bioleaching). The effect of the duration of anaerobic pre-treatment (21 and 30 days) in the presenceand absence of 1% glucose was tested. The results obtained showed that the activity of the reducedsulfur-oxidising strains was significantly enhanced after an anaerobic pre-treatment of thesediments and showed real promise for the application of bioleaching for metal polluted sediments
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/39/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.20-21.307.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and functional properties of sympagic communities in the annual sea ice at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the chemical and biological properties of annual pack ice at a coastal station in Terra Nova Bay (74°41.72′S, 164°11.63′E) were carried out during austral spring at 3-day intervals from 5 November to 1 December 1997. Temporal changes of nutrient concentrations, algal biomasses, taxonomic composition, photosynthetic pigment spectra and P–E relationships were studied. Quantity, composition and degradation rates of organic matter in the intact sea ice were also investigated. In addition, microcosm experiments were carried out to evaluate photosynthetic and photo-acclimation processes of the sympagic flora in relation to different light regimes. High concentrations of ammonia were measured in four ice-cores (weighted mean values of the cores ranged from 4.3 ± 1.9 μM to 7.2 ± 3.4 μM), whereas nitrate and phosphate displayed high concentrations (up to 35.9 μM and 7.6 μM, respectively) only in the bottom layer (135–145 cm depth). Particulate carbohydrate and protein concentrations in the intact sea ice ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 mg l−1 and 0.2 to 2.0 mg l−1, respectively, displaying a notable accumulation of organic matter in the bottom colored layer, where bacterial enzymatic activities also reached the highest values. Aminopeptidase activity was extremely high (up to 19.7 μM l−1 h−1 ± 0.05 in the bottom layer), suggesting a rapid turnover rate of nitrogen–enriched organic compounds (e.g. proteins). By contrast, bacterial secondary production was low, suggesting that only a very small fraction of mobilized organic matter was converted into bacterial biomass (〈0.01‰). The sympagic autotrophic biomass (in terms of chlorophaeopigments) of the bottom layer was high, increasing during the sampling period from 680 to 2480 μg l−1. Analyses of pigments performed by HPLC, as well as microscope observations, indicated that diatoms dominated bottom communities. The most important species were Amphiprora sp. and Nitschia cfr. stellata. Bottom sympagic communities showed an average P B max of 0.12 mgC mg Chl−1 and low photoadaptation index (E k=18 μE m−2 s−1, E m=65 μE m−2 s−1). Results of the microcosm experiment also indicated that communities were photo-oxidized when irradiance exceeded 100 μE m−2 s−1. This result suggests that micro- autotrophs inhabiting sea ice might have a minor role in the pelagic algal blooms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050019
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  • 7
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    Virus decomposition in the deep seas [Ecology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: Viruses are key biological agents of prokaryotic mortality in the world oceans, particularly in deep-sea ecosystems where nearly all of the prokaryotic C production is transformed into organic detritus. However, the extent to which the decomposition of viral particles (i.e., organic material of viral origin) influences the functioning of benthic...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Biosurfactant-induced remediation of contaminated marine sediments: Current knowledge and future perspectives (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Anthropogenic noise and biological sounds in a heavily industrialized coastal area (Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Consequences of anaerobic biotreatments of contaminated sediments on metal mobility (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Print ISSN: 1735-1472
    Electronic ISSN: 1735-2630
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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