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  • 1
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    In:  Earth planet. Sci. Lett., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 227, no. 3-4, pp. 411-426, pp. L15318, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Fault zone ; NAF ; Turkey ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; EPSL ; Cagatay ; Goeruer ; Goeruer ; FLORENZO
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 16 (1944), S. 315-316 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Sequence stratigraphic concepts can provide a powerful tool for understanding the tectono-sedimentary evolution of areas extending across different tectonic domains. An example is provided by the upper Serravallian strata of the northern Apennines, where a sedimentological and biostratigraphic study allows a sequence boundary to be traced across the foredeep and piggy-back basin successions. Turbidite sedimentation of predominantly alpine and subordinate apenninic provenance occurred in the apenninic foreland basin throughout the middle Miocene. Deep-water sedimentation in the foredeep was laterally associated with deposition in shelf to slope environments in the piggy-back basins.In the piggy-back basin succession, the upper Serravallian sequence boundary is a laterally extensive unconformity within homogeneous marly deposits. This unconfonnity is laterally correlative with the base of lenticular turbidite bodies. A stratigraphic lacuna affecting Zone N14 characterizes the marginal areas, where glaucony-rich deposits assigned to Zone N15 unconformably overlie marls displaying association of Zone N13. In the depocentres, where no significant stratigraphic gap has been detected, the sequence boundary is narrowly constrained to lowermost Zone N14.The upper Serravallian unconformity of the piggy-back basins succession is correlative with time-equivalent features in two distinct parts (inner basin and outer basin) of the foredeep. In the inner basin the sequence boundary separates basin margin turbidites from overlying slope hemipelagites. In a more external position (outer basin) the sequence boundary is the base of a characteristic mega turbidite of apenninic provenance (Turrito layer). In other sectors of the outer basin, where turbidite sedimentation was entirely of alpine provenance, the sequence boundary has no clear physical expression.The observed facies distribution in the study area suggests that an important thrusting event affected the northern Apennines in the late Serravallian, resulting in submarine channel incision and nondeposition in the piggy-back basins. Compressional activity in the foredeep was responsible for the closure of the inner basin and subsequent shifting of turbidite sedimentation in the outer basin. Slope instability led to widespread remobilization of previously deposited turbidites, triggering turbidite events of huge volume. The different characteristics of the sequence boundary in the various parts of the foredeep constitute an example of differential response of a multisourced supply system to tectonic deformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α are involved in the maintenance of oesophageal mucosal integrity. However, their cellular origin and the exact localization of their receptor in the oesophagus are still unclear. Therefore, we examined the expression of the two growth factors and their shared receptor in the normal human oesophagus at both mRNA and protein level, by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition to being expressed in the proliferative compartment of the oesophageal epithelium, the receptor was found in a variety of cells, including smooth muscle cells, submucosal gland cells and the epithelium lining their ducts. Immunohistochemically, the pattern of distribution of epidermal growth factor paralleled that of its receptor. In situ hybridization demonstrated epidermal growth factor mRNA expression in the oesophageal epithelium and submucosal glands. Additionally, amplified transcripts of predicted size were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, thus confirming that authentic transcripts of the growth factor exist in the normal human oesophagus. Transforming growth factor-α mRNA and protein expression, while similar to that of epidermal growth factor, predominated in the more differentiated cell layers of the stratified squamous epithelium. These results demonstrate that the normal oesophagus can synthesize both growth factors. Moreover, the peculiar distribution of these peptides and the concomitant expression of their receptor in multiple cell types suggest that the two growth factors may exert diverse physiological functions in the oesophagus and participate in defence and reparative events following mucosal injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1376
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-5269
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-10-15
    Description: Integrated sedimentological and archaeological investigations of mid–late Holocene deposits from the subsurface of Bologna elucidate the complex relationship among urban settlement, human society, geomorphology and climate change at the southern margin of the Po Plain. Above the Pleistocene–Holocene unconformity, the Holocene succession forms an intricate mosaic of alluvial deposits. Two palaeosols, spanning between about 8000–5000 cal. yr BP and 3200–1500 cal. yr BP, respectively, represent the most prominent stratigraphic markers across the study units. A huge amount of archaeological remains from the younger palaeosol enables the identification of an uninterrupted sequence of settlements from the Early Iron Age to the Late Roman period. The first permanent settlements of Iron Age took place in a topographically elevated region protected from flooding. The onset of paedogenesis during this period reflects the radical transformation of the environment by human settlements through widespread control of the river network and setting of regular patterns of irrigation channels. A period of exceptional climate stability characterized the expansion of the Roman Empire. This phase is testified by a wealth of exceptionally preserved archaeological material, including buildings, cemetery sites, streets and irrigation channels. Subsurface correlations of the Roman palaeosol enable detailed reconstruction of the Roman topography, with special focus on fluvial paths and communication routes. The decline of the Roman Empire, hit by a devastating epidemic and the barbarian invasions, was paralleled by a phase of climatic deterioration, resulting in the abandonment of rural lands and degradation of the river network, which ultimately favoured the burial of Roman settlement.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: PREdiction of NOn-LINear soil behavior (PRENOLIN) is an international benchmark aiming to test multiple numerical simulation codes that are capable of predicting nonlinear seismic site response with various constitutive models. One of the objectives of this project is the assessment of the uncertainties associated with nonlinear simulation of 1D site effects. A first verification phase (i.e., comparison between numerical codes on simple idealistic cases) will be followed by a validation phase, comparing the predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong-motion recordings obtained at well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 23 different computational codes. We present here the main results of the verification phase dealing with simple cases. Three different idealized soil profiles were tested over a wide range of shear strains with different input motions and different boundary conditions at the sediment/bedrock interface. A first iteration focusing on the elastic and viscoelastic cases was proved to be useful to ensure a common understanding and to identify numerical issues before pursuing the nonlinear modeling. Besides minor mistakes in the implementation of input parameters and output units, the initial discrepancies between the numerical results can be attributed to (1) different understanding of the expression "input motion" in different communities, and (2) different implementations of material damping and possible numerical energy dissipation. The second round of computations thus allowed a convergence of all teams to the Haskell–Thomson analytical solution in elastic and viscoelastic cases. For nonlinear computations, we investigate the epistemic uncertainties related only to wave propagation modeling using different nonlinear constitutive models. Such epistemic uncertainties are shown to increase with the strain level and to reach values around 0.2 (log 10 scale) for a peak ground acceleration of 5 m/s 2 at the base of the soil column, which may be reduced by almost 50% when the various constitutive models used the same shear strength and damping implementation.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-03-01
    Description: Previous sequence-stratigraphic work has emphasized the key role of paleosols and associated sand-dominated fluvial bodies as key features for interpreting alluvial architecture. The temporal resolution of the ancient record is, however, insufficient to fully explain the complex relationship between soil formation and the evolution of fluvial systems under changing sea-level and climate conditions. In this paper, we present a detailed record of paleosol–channel belt relationships reconstructed from the subsurface of a rapidly subsiding region (Po Plain, Italy) that spans almost all of the last glacial-interglacial cycle (~120 k.y.). The studied succession preserves a systematic bipartite zonation into a thick paleosol-bearing segment close to the basin margin and a sand-dominated interval, with vertically amalgamated channel belts, in an axial position. Individual paleosols are weakly developed and represent key stratigraphic markers that can be traced basinwide into adjacent, essentially contemporaneous, unconfined channel-belt deposits. Unlike conventional models of late Quaternary alluvial–coastal plain systems, no persistent incised valley was established in the Po system during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Continuous accommodation was the key depositional control on alluvial stratigraphy during the prolonged (~90 k.y.) phase of late Pleistocene sea-level fall, which led to the deposition of a thick, dominantly aggradational alluvial succession. The development of shallowly incised, short-lived valley systems took place only at the transition to glacial stages associated with substantial sea-level drop (marine oxygen isotope stage [MIS] 3-2 transition, and possibly MIS 5-4 transition). This study shows that in rapidly subsiding settings with high rates of sedimentation, incised valley systems may be replaced by aggradationally stacked, essentially nonincised fluvial bodies. In these cases, overbank packages bounded by immature paleosols represent the most likely alternative to the highly weathered interfluve paleosol predicted by classic sequence-stratigraphic models. Fourth-order sequence boundaries and lower-rank erosional surfaces may be easily confused at the ~100 k.y. scale, and transgressive surfaces, defining the onset of retrogradation, may become the most readily identifiable sequence-stratigraphic surfaces.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: Sequence stratigraphy, a major theoretical achievement of earth sciences, integrates facies associations and stratal architecture within a chronological framework of the geological record. The sequence stratigraphic model implies that sediment supply to the basin, preservation potential of individual horizons, and the resolution of paleontological data co-vary with base-level fluctuations, especially for siliciclastic depositional systems. Using Holocene transgressive-regressive successions of the Po Plain (Italy), we assessed the model’s hypotheses by analyzing 249 marine mollusk shells dated individually using 14 C-calibrated amino acid racemization methods. As postulated by the model, the temporal resolution of the fossil record, frequency of depositional events, and net accumulation rates decreased upward concomitantly through the transgressive systems tract reaching minima in the condensed section (maximum flooding zone). The reverse trend, with increasingly frequent, thicker, and less time-averaged beds, was observed throughout the overlying highstand systems tract. The results quantify the postulated sequence stratigraphic asymmetry in temporal resolution of the fossil and sedimentary records.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0277-3791
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-457X
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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