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  • 1
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    IJERPH, Vol. 9, Pages 55-72: Governing for a Healthy Population: Towards an Understanding of How Decision-Making Will Determine Our Global Health in a Changing Climate (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-03
    Description: Enhancing the adaptive capacity of individuals, communities, institutions and nations is pivotal to protecting and improving human health and well-being in the face of systemic social inequity plus dangerous climate change. However, research on the determinants of adaptive capacity in relation to health, particularly concerning the role of governance, is in its infancy. This paper highlights the intersections between global health, climate change and governance. It presents an overview of these key concerns, their relation to each other, and the potential that a greater understanding of governance may present opportunities to strengthen policy and action responses to the health effects of climate change. Important parallels between addressing health inequities and sustainable development practices in the face of global environmental change are also highlighted. We propose that governance can be investigated through two key lenses within the earth system governance theoretical framework; agency and architecture. These two governance concepts can be evaluated using methods of social network research and policy analysis using case studies and is the subject of further research.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    IJERPH, Vol. 9, Pages 55-72: Governing for a Healthy Population: Towards an Understanding of How Decision-Making Will Determine Our Global Health in a Changing Climate (2011)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-30
    Description: Enhancing the adaptive capacity of individuals, communities, institutions and nations is pivotal to protecting and improving human health and well-being in the face of systemic social inequity plus dangerous climate change. However, research on the determinants of adaptive capacity in relation to health, particularly concerning the role of governance, is in its infancy. This paper highlights the intersections between global health, climate change and governance. It presents an overview of these key concerns, their relation to each other, and the potential that a greater understanding of governance may present opportunities to strengthen policy and action responses to the health effects of climate change. Important parallels between addressing health inequities and sustainable development practices in the face of global environmental change are also highlighted. We propose that governance can be investigated through two key lenses within the earth system governance theoretical framework; agency and architecture. These two governance concepts can be evaluated using methods of social network research and policy analysis using case studies and is the subject of further research.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
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    Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to be involved in the control of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, it has not been possible to demonstrate a direct relation between CTL activity and plasma RNA viral load. Human leukocyte antigen-peptide tetrameric complexes offer a specific means to directly quantitate circulating CTLs ex vivo. With the use of the tetrameric complexes, a significant inverse correlation was observed between HIV-specific CTL frequency and plasma RNA viral load. In contrast, no significant association was detected between the clearance rate of productively infected cells and frequency of HIV-specific CTLs. These data are consistent with a significant role for HIV-specific CTLs in the control of HIV infection and suggest a considerable cytopathic effect of the virus in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogg, G S -- Jin, X -- Bonhoeffer, S -- Dunbar, P R -- Nowak, M A -- Monard, S -- Segal, J P -- Cao, Y -- Rowland-Jones, S L -- Cerundolo, V -- Hurley, A -- Markowitz, M -- Ho, D D -- Nixon, D F -- McMichael, A J -- MO1-RR00102/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01AI41534/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Coloring Agents ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Products, gag ; Gene Products, pol ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; HLA-A Antigens ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count/*methods ; Oligopeptides ; RNA, Viral/*blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load ; Viremia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Surface expression of HLA-E, an inhibitor of natural killer cells, enhanced by human cytomegalovirus gpUL40 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-11
    Description: The nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule HLA-E inhibits natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis by interacting with CD94/NKG2A receptors. Surface expression of HLA-E depends on binding of conserved peptides derived from MHC class I molecules. The same peptide is present in the leader sequence of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein UL40 (gpUL40). It is shown that, independently of the transporter associated with antigen processing, gpUL40 can up-regulate expression of HLA-E, which protects targets from NK cell lysis. While classical MHC class I molecules are down-regulated, HLA-E is up-regulated by HCMV. Induction of HLA-E surface expression by gpUL40 may represent an escape route for HCMV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomasec, P -- Braud, V M -- Rickards, C -- Powell, M B -- McSharry, B P -- Gadola, S -- Cerundolo, V -- Borysiewicz, L K -- McMichael, A J -- Wilkinson, G W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; *Antigens, CD ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Conserved Sequence ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Down-Regulation ; HLA Antigens/immunology/*metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Sorting Signals/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Climate change and human health (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colwell, R R -- Epstein, P R -- Gubler, D -- Maynard, N -- McMichael, A J -- Patz, J A -- Sack, R B -- Shope, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):968-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9490480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Humans ; *Public Health ; Public Health Practice ; Research ; Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    A step ahead on the HIV collaboratory (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, Robert L -- Autran, Brigitte -- Katlama, Christine -- Brucker, Gilles -- Debre, Patrice -- Calvez, Vincent -- Clotet, Bonaventura -- Clumeck, Nathan -- Costagliola, Dominique -- Deeks, Steven G -- Dorrell, Lucy -- Gatell, Jose -- Haase, Ashley -- Klein, Michel -- Lazzarin, Adriano -- McMichael, Andrew J -- Papagno, Laura -- Schacker, Timothy W -- Wain-Hobson, Simon -- Walker, Bruce D -- Youle, Michael -- G0502048/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1264-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1264b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. r-murphy@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/therapy/virology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/*therapeutic use ; *International Cooperation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Genetics. First-class control of HIV-1 (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMichael, Andrew J -- Jones, E Yvonne -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137884177/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1488-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1200035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OS3 9DS, UK. andrew.mcmichael@ndm.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology/physiopathology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Disease Progression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology/physiopathology ; HIV Long-Term Survivors ; *HIV-1/immunology ; HLA-B Antigens/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HLA-B14 Antigen ; HLA-B27 Antigen/chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Models, Molecular ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Medicine. The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: A new collaborative model of research is needed to increase resources, to prioritize the R (ii) to increase the pace, reduce the overlap, and more systematically explore the elements of and delivery systems for vaccines; (iii) to use common standards for the prompt comparative testing of vaccine candidates; (iv) to expand resources for manufacturing vaccine candidates to speed their use in human trials; and (v) to increase the capacity for international clinical trials and to focus this effort toward quickly measuring the effectiveness of vaccine protection as prototype vaccine candidates are identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klausner, Richard D -- Fauci, Anthony S -- Corey, Lawrence -- Nabel, Gary J -- Gayle, Helene -- Berkley, Seth -- Haynes, Barton F -- Baltimore, David -- Collins, Chris -- Douglas, R Gordon -- Esparza, Jose -- Francis, Donald P -- Ganguly, N K -- Gerberding, Julie Louise -- Johnston, Margaret I -- Kazatchkine, Michel D -- McMichael, Andrew J -- Makgoba, Malegapuru W -- Pantaleo, Giuseppe -- Piot, Peter -- Shao, Yiming -- Tramont, Edmund -- Varmus, Harold -- Wasserheit, Judith N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/economics/immunology ; Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Biotechnology/economics ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/standards ; Drug Industry/economics ; Financial Support ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; International Cooperation ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Private Sector ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic ; Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    New visions for addressing sustainability (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Attaining sustainability will require concerted interactive efforts among disciplines, many of which have not yet recognized, and internalized, the relevance of environmental issues to their main intellectual discourse. The inability of key scientific disciplines to engage interactively is an obstacle to the actual attainment of sustainability. For example, in the list of Millennium Development Goals from the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002, the seventh of the eight goals, to "ensure environmental sustainability," is presented separately from the parallel goals of reducing fertility and poverty, improving gains in equity, improving material conditions, and enhancing population health. A more integrated and consilient approach to sustainability is urgently needed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMichael, A J -- Butler, C D -- Folke, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1919-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. tony.mcmichael@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Demography ; Disease ; *Ecology ; *Economics ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Epidemiology ; Health ; Humans ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Relative rate and location of intra-host HIV evolution to evade cellular immunity are predictable (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: Article HIV evolves within infected persons to escape being destroyed by the immune system. Here, Barton et al . combine evolutionary dynamics and statistical physics to simulate this process, successfully predicting the relative rate and location of escape mutations in viral sequences for a cohort of HIV-infected persons. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11660 Authors: John P. Barton, Nilu Goonetilleke, Thomas C. Butler, Bruce D. Walker, Andrew J. McMichael, Arup K. Chakraborty
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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