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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases : Volume II: Kidney, Central Nervous System, Eye, Blood, Blood Vessels & Bowel (2022)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Immunology. ; Diseases Causes and theories of causation. ; Autoimmunity. ; Medicine Research. ; Biology Research. ; Immunology. ; Pathogenesis. ; Autoimmunity. ; Biomedical Research.
    Description / Table of Contents: PART I: HUMAN MICROBIOME, VACCINES AND AUTOIMMUNITY -- Chapter 1. Autoimmunity and Microbiome -- Chapter 2. The vaccines induced autoimmunity -- Chapter 3. COVID-19 and Autoimmunity -- Chapter 4. The protective discourse between infections and autoimmunity -- PART II: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE KIDNEY DISEASES & ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY -- Chapter 5. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody- (ANCA)- Associated Vasculitis -- Chapter 6. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of IgA Vasculitis and IgA Nephropathy -- Chapter 7. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of immune mediated glomerulopathies -- Chapter 8. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Autoimmune Addison’s Disease (ADD) -- PART III: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DEMYELINATING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- Chapter 9. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) -- Chapter 10. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) -- Chapter 11. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Neuromyelitis Optica -- Chapter 12. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) -- PART IV: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBDs) -- Chapter 13. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Ulcerative colitis (UC) -- Chapter 14. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Crohn’s disease (CD) -- Chapter 15. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Pouchitis -- Chapter 16. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Coeliac Disease -- PART V: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE BLOOD & BLOOD VESSEL DISORDERS -- Chapter 17. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome (Hughes syndrome) -- Chapter 18. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Behçet Disease (BD) -- Chapter 19. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Immune Thrombocytopenia -- PART VI: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE EYE DISEASES -- Chapter 20. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Autoimmune Uveitis -- Chapter 21. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Autoimmune Retinopathy (AIR) -- Chapter 22. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) -- Chapter 23. The influence of the microbiome and genetic associations on immune functions and on autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases -- Chapter 24. Current challenges in research with exploring the microbial pathomechanisms of Autoimmune diseases -- Chapter 25. Future therapeutic prospects in dealing with autoimmune diseases: Treatment Based on the Microbiome Model.
    Abstract: This book, which is the second volume of Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases, provides comprehensive coverage on how microbial pathogens can subvert our immune system into responding against self and resulting in autoimmune diseases. In particular, the book covers the different aspects of linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with autoimmune mechanisms involved in disease development to identify future effective approaches based on the gut microbiota for preventing these autoimmune diseases. Contributions in the book focus on the role of microbiota/probiotics and their distinct mechanisms exerted in the management of autoimmune diseases of the kidney, central nervous system, eye, blood vessel, and bowel. This could help in better understanding to design of therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to prevent these autoimmune diseases. The book has an interdisciplinary appeal and scholars with an interest in immunology, medical microbiology, and nutritional sciences will value its contribution. Overall, the book gives new dimension and insight into the aspects of microbial role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 542 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811948008
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4800-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-4800-8
    DDC: 571.96
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases : Volume I: Liver, Skin, Thyroid, Rheumatic & Myopathic Diseases (2022)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Immunology. ; Diseases Causes and theories of causation. ; Autoimmunity. ; Medicine Research. ; Biology Research. ; Immunology. ; Pathogenesis. ; Autoimmunity. ; Biomedical Research.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: OVERVIEW OF INFECTIOUS MICROORGANISMS & MICROBIOTA IN INDUCING AUTOIMMUNIT -- Chapter 1. The Concept of Infection Triggered autoimmunity -- Chapter 2. The interaction of gut microbiota with immune system and their effects on immune cell development and function -- Chapter 3. The Link between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases -- Chapter 4. The factors influencing gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases -- PART II: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES -- Chapter 5. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) -- Chapter 6. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis -- Chapter 7. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Primary biliary cholangitis -- PART III: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF SKIN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- Chapter 8. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Psoriasis -- Chapter 9. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Vitiligo -- Chapter 10. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) -- Chapter 11. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Atopic Dermatitis -- Chapter 12. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Pemphigus Vulgaris -- Chapter 13. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Bullous pemphigoid -- PART IV: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASES -- Chapter 14. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Graves's Disease -- Chapter 15. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis -- PART V: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES -- Chapter 16. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) -- Chapter 17. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Spondyloarthritis -- Chapter 18. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) -- Chapter 19. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Psoriasis Arthritis (PsA) -- Chapter 20. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) -- Chapter 21. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of Sjogren’s syndrome -- Chapter 22. Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Chikungunya Infection -- PART VI: MICROORGANISMS IN PATHOGENESIS & MANAGEMENT OF IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES -- Chapter 23. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) -- Chapter 24. Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM).
    Abstract: This book in the two volume set provides comprehensive coverage on how microbial pathogens can subvert our immune system into responding against self and resulting into autoimmune diseases. In particular, the book covers the different aspects of linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with autoimmune mechanisms involved in disease development to identify future effective approaches based on the gut microbiota for preventing these autoimmune diseases. Contributions in the book focuses on the role of microbiota/probiotics and their distinct mechanisms exerted in management of autoimmune liver, skin, thyroid, rheumatic and myopathic diseases. This could help in better understanding to design therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to prevent these autoimmune diseases. The book has an interdisciplinary appeal and scholars with an interest immunology, medical microbiology and nutritional sciences will value its contribution. Overall, the book gives a new dimensions and insight in the aspects of microbial role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 680 p. 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811919466
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1946-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1946-6
    DDC: 571.96
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Reviving Galapagos snails: ancient DNA extraction and amplification from shells of probably extinct endemic land snails (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Description: Snail shells represent an abundant source of information about the organisms that build them, which is particularly vital and relevant for species that are locally or globally extinct. Access to genetic information from snail shells can be valuable, yet previous protocols for extraction of DNA from empty shells have met with extremely low success rates, particularly from shells weathered from long-term exposure to environmental conditions. Here we present two simple protocols for the extraction and amplification of DNA from empty land snail shells from specimens of Galápagos endemic snails, including presumably extinct species. We processed 35 shells of the genus Naesiotus (Bulimulidae) from the Galápagos islands, some from species that have not been observed alive in the past 50 years. We amplified and sequenced short fragments (≤244 bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 18 specimens. Our results indicate that the implementation of an ancient DNA extraction protocol and careful primer design to target short DNA fragments can result in successful recovery of mtDNA data from such specimens.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    X-ray transport and radiation response assessment (XTRRA) experiments at the National Ignition Facility (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: Our team has developed an experimental platform to evaluate the x-ray-generated stress and impulse in materials. Experimental activities include x-ray source development, design of the sample mounting hardware and sensors interfaced to the National Ignition Facility’s diagnostics insertion system, and system integration into the facility. This paper focuses on the X-ray Transport and Radiation Response Assessment (XTRRA) test cassettes built for these experiments. The test cassette is designed to position six samples at three predetermined distances from the source, each known to within ±1% accuracy. Built-in calorimeters give in situ measurements of the x-ray environment along the sample lines of sight. The measured accuracy of sample responses as well as planned modifications to the XTRRA cassette is discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Understanding reconstructed Dante spectra using high resolution spectroscopy (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Description: The Dante is an 18 channel filtered diode array used at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to measure the spectrally and temporally resolved radiation flux between 50 eV and 20 keV from various targets. The absolute flux is determined from the radiometric calibration of the x-ray diodes, filters, and mirrors and a reconstruction algorithm applied to the recorded voltages from each channel. The reconstructed spectra are very low resolution with features consistent with the instrument response and are not necessarily consistent with the spectral emission features from the plasma. Errors may exist between the reconstructed spectra and the actual emission features due to assumptions in the algorithm. Recently, a high resolution convex crystal spectrometer, VIRGIL, has been installed at NIF with the same line of sight as the Dante. Spectra from L-shell Ag and Xe have been recorded by both VIRGIL and Dante. Comparisons of these two spectroscopic measurements yield insights into the accuracy of the Dante reconstructions.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Measurements of the energy spectrum of electrons emanating from solid materials irradiated by a picosecond laser (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: In this work, we present the results of experiments observing the properties of the electron stream generated laterally when a laser irradiates a metal. We find that the directionality of the electrons is dependent upon their energies, with the higher-energy tail of the spectrum (∼1 MeV and higher) being more narrowly focused. This behavior is likely due to the coupling of the electrons to the electric field of the laser. The experiments are performed by using the Titan laser to irradiate a metal wire, creating the electron stream of interest. These electrons propagate to nearby spectator wires of differing metals, causing them to fluoresce at their characteristic K -shell energies. This fluorescence is recorded by a crystal spectrometer. By varying the distances between the wires, we are able to probe the divergence of the electron stream, while by varying the medium through which the electrons propagate (and hence the energy-dependence of electron attenuation), we are able to probe the energy spectrum of the stream.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Simulation study of 3–5 keV x-ray conversion efficiency from Ar K-shell vs. Ag L-shell targets on the National Ignition Facility laser (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-20
    Description: Tailored, high-flux, multi-keV x-ray sources are desirable for studying x-ray interactions with matter for various civilian, space and military applications. For this study, we focus on designing an efficient laser-driven non-local thermodynamic equilibrium 3–5 keV x-ray source from photon-energy-matched Ar K-shell and Ag L-shell targets at sub-critical densities (∼ n c /10) to ensure supersonic, volumetric laser heating with minimal losses to kinetic energy, thermal x rays and laser-plasma instabilities. Using Hydra , a multi-dimensional, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, radiation-hydrodynamics code, we performed a parameter study by varying initial target density and laser parameters for each material using conditions readily achievable on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser. We employ a model, benchmarked against Kr data collected on the NIF, that uses flux-limited Lee-More thermal conductivity and multi-group implicit Monte-Carlo photonics with non-local thermodynamic equilibrium, detailed super-configuration accounting opacities from Cretin , an atomic-kinetics code. While the highest power laser configurations produced the largest x-ray yields, we report that the peak simulated laser to 3–5 keV x-ray conversion efficiencies of 17.7% and 36.4% for Ar and Ag, respectively, occurred at lower powers between ∼100–150 TW. For identical initial target densities and laser illumination, the Ag L-shell is observed to have ≳10× higher emissivity per ion per deposited laser energy than the Ar K-shell. Although such low-density Ag targets have not yet been demonstrated, simulations of targets fabricated using atomic layer deposition of Ag on silica aerogels (∼20% by atomic fraction) suggest similar performance to atomically pure metal foams and that either fabrication technique may be worth pursuing for an efficient 3–5 keV x-ray source on NIF.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    The scaling of electron and positron generation in intense laser-solid interactionsa) (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-28
    Description: This paper presents experimental scalings of the electrons and positrons produced by intense laser-target interactions at relativistic laser intensities (10 18 –10 20 W cm −2 ). The data were acquired from three short-pulse laser facilities with laser energies ranging from 80 to 1500 J. We found a non-linear (≈E L 2 ) scaling of positron yield [Chen et al ., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 , 215001 (2015)] and a linear scaling of electron yield with the laser energy. These scalings are explained by theoretical and numerical analyses. Positron acceleration by the target sheath field is confirmed by the positron energy spectrum, which has a pronounced peak at energies near the sheath potential, as determined by the observed maximum energies of accelerated protons. The parameters of laser-produced electron-positron jets are summarized together with the theoretical energy scaling. The measured energy-squared scaling of relativistic electron-positron jets indicates the possibility to create an astrophysically relevant experimental platform with such jets using multi-kilojoule high intensity lasers currently under construction.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    On specular reflectivity measurements in high and low-contrast relativistic laser-plasma interactions (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-15
    Description: Using both experiment and 2D3V particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we describe the use of specular reflectivity measurements to study relativistic ( Iλ 2  〉 10 18  W/cm 2 ⋅ μ m 2 ) laser-plasma interactions for both high and low-contrast 527  n m laser pulses on initially solid density aluminum targets. In the context of hot-electron generation, studies typically rely on diagnostics which, more-often-than-not, represent indirect processes driven by fast electrons transiting through solid density materials. Specular reflectivity measurements, however, can provide a direct measure of the interaction that is highly sensitive to how the EM fields and plasma profiles, critical input parameters for modeling of hot-electron generation, evolve near the interaction region. While the fields of interest occur near the relativistic critical electron density, experimental reflectivity measurements are obtained centimeters away from the interaction region, well after diffraction has fully manifested itself. Using a combination of PIC simulations with experimentally inspired conditions and an analytic, non-paraxial, pulse propagation algorithm, we calculate reflected pulse properties, both near and far from the interaction region, and compare with specular reflectivity measurements. The experiment results and PIC simulations demonstrate that specular reflectivity measurements are an extremely sensitive qualitative, and partially quantitative, indicator of initial laser/target conditions, ionization effects, and other details of intense laser-matter interactions. The techniques described can provide strong constraints on many systems of importance in ultra-intense laser interactions with matter.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Extreme short-term repeatability of male courtship performance in a tropical orb-web spider (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: Courtship signals are expected to be consistent within but vary between males of different qualities. Such traits are, therefore, predicted to exhibit high repeatability. However, studies have shown that courtship behaviors vary greatly in their within-individual repeatability, resulting in substantial variation in their ability to reflect male quality. This has implications for the evolution of female mate choice and courtship communication, as low levels of repeatability may reflect courtship signals that do not provide accurate quality information to females. In this article, we tested whether male courtship shuddering in the tropical orb-web spider, Argiope radon , influences female mate choice. We also tested whether male shudder performance reflects male phenotypic condition and is repeatable. We found that male shudder performance and condition predicted female latency to move onto the mating thread, a measure of mate preference. Aspects of male shudder performance were positively correlated with male body condition. Further, we found surprisingly high levels of repeatability in male courtship shuddering, ranking among the highest levels recorded to date for courtship behavior. We suggest that male courtship shuddering functions as an important indicator of male quality, with strong potential to respond to selection.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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