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  • 1
    Call number: MOP Per 892(4)
    In: Examensarbeit
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 95 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Examensarbeit / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 4
    Note: Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1990
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-07-19
    Description: The modern hospital is at once the site of healing, the locus of medical learning and a cornerstone of the welfare state. Its technological and infrastructural costs have transformed health services into one of today's fastest growing sectors, absorbing substantial proportions of national income in both developed and emerging economies. The aim of this book is to examine this growth in different countries, with a main focus on the twentieth century, and also with a backward glance to earlier shaping forces. It will explore the hospital's economic history, the relationship between public and private forms of provision, and the political context in which health systems were constructed. The collection advances the historical world map of different hospital models, ranging across Spain, Brazil, Germany, East and Central Europe, Britain, the United States and China. Collectively, these comparative cases illuminate the complexities involved in each country and bring new historical evidence to current debates on health care organisation, financing and reform.
    Keywords: Hospital, healthcare, economic history, organisation, financing, reform, hospital models ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNS Service industries::KNSH Hospitality industry ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBD Medical profession ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBS Medical sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 63 (1991), S. 2939-2946 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum-sensing (QS) signalling systems to synchronize the production of virulence factors. There are two interrelated QS systems, las and rhl, in P. aeruginosa. In addition to this complexity, a number of transcriptional regulators were shown to have complicated interplays with las and rhl central QS components. Here, we describe a novel virulence and QS modulator (VqsM) that positively regulates the QS systems in P. aeruginosa. Mutation in vqsM resulted in much reduced production of N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular enzymes. Sequence analysis revealed that vqsM encodes a transcriptional regulator with an AraC-type helix–turn–helix DNA binding domain at the C-terminal of the peptide. Global gene expression profile analysis showed at least a total of 302 genes to be influenced, directly or indirectly, by VqsM. Among the 203 VqsM-promoted genes, 52.2% were known to be QS upregulated. Several genes encoding the key regulators implicated in QS, such as rhlR, rsaL, vqsR, mvfR, pprB and rpoS, and two AHL synthesis genes, lasI and rhlI, were suppressed in the vqsM mutant. Similar to the ‘AHL-blind’ phenotype of vqsR and pprB mutants, vqsM mutant did not respond to external addition of N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone signals. Moreover, overexpression of vqsR in vqsM mutant more or less restored the production of both AHL and virulence factors. The results demonstrate that VqsM, largely through modulation of vqsR expression, plays a vital role in regulation of QS signalling in P. aeruginosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The first barrier to infection encountered by foliar pathogens is the host cuticle. To traverse this obstacle, many fungi produce specialized infection cells called appressoria. MST12 is essential for appressorium-mediated penetration and infectious growth by the rice pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. In this study, we have characterized in detail the penetration defects of an mst12 deletion mutant. Appressoria formed by the mst12 mutant developed normal turgor pressure and ultrastructure but failed to form penetration pegs either on cellophane membranes or on plant epidermal cells. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analyses indicated that both the homeodomain and zinc finger domains, but not the middle region, of MST12 are essential for appressorial penetration and plant infection. The mst12 mutant appeared to be defective in microtubule reorganization associated with penetration peg formation. In mature appressoria, the mutant lacked vertical microtubules observed in the wild type. The mst12 mutant also failed to elicit localized host defence responses, including papilla formation and autofluorescence. Our data indicate that generation of appressorium turgor pressure and formation of the penetration peg are two independent processes. MST12 may play important roles in regulating penetration peg formation and directing the physical forces exerted by the appressorium turgor in mature appressoria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Trimeric G-proteins transmit extracellular signals to various downstream effectors (e.g. MAP kinases) in eukaryotes. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, the Pmk1 MAP kinase is essential for appressorium formation and infectious growth. The pmk1 deletion mutant fails to form appressoria but still responds to exogenous cAMP for tip deformation. Since gene disruption mutants of three Gα subunits still form appressoria and are phenotypically different from pmk1 mutants, it is likely that the Pmk1 pathway is activated by Gβ in M. grisea. In this study, we isolated and characterized the MGB1 gene that encodes the G subunit in M. grisea. Mutants disrupted in MGB1 were reduced in conidiation. Conidia from mgb1 mutants were defective in appressorium formation and failed to penetrate or grow invasively on rice leaves. Exogenous cAMP induced appressorium formation in mgb1 mutants, but these appressoria were abnormal in shape and could not penetrate. The intracellular cAMP level was reduced in mgb1 mutants and the defects in conidiation and hyphal growth were partially suppressed with 1 mM cAMP. Transformants expressing multiple copies of MGB1 were able to form appressoria on hydrophilic surfaces. Our results suggest that MGB1 may be involved in the cAMP signalling for regulating conidiation, surface recognition and appressorium formation. The Pmk1 pathway may be the downstream target of MGB1 for regulating penetration and infectious hyphae growth in M. grisea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: N -acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are used as signal molecules by many quorum-sensing Proteobacteria. Diverse plant and animal pathogens use AHLs to regulate infection and virulence functions. These signals are subject to biological inactivation by AHL-lactonases and AHL-acylases. Previously, little was known about the molecular details underlying the latter mechanism. An AHL signal-inactivating bacterium, identified as a Ralstonia sp., was isolated from a mixed-species biofilm. The signal inactivation encoding gene from this organism, which we call aiiD , was cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and inactivated three AHLs tested. The predicted 794-amino-acid polypeptide was most similar to the aculeacin A acylase (AAC) from Actinoplanes utahensis and also shared significant similarities with cephalosporin acylases and other N-terminal (Ntn) hydrolases. However, the most similar homologues of AiiD are deduced proteins of undemonstrated function from available Ralstonia , Deinococcus and Pseudomonas genomes. LC-MS analyses demonstrated that AiiD hydrolyses the AHL amide, releasing homoserine lactone and the corresponding fatty acid. Expression of AiiD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quenched quorum sensing by this bacterium, decreasing its ability to swarm, produce elastase and pyocyanin and to paralyse nematodes. Thus, AHL-acylases have fundamental implications and hold biotechnological promise in quenching quorum sensing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Extracellular signals are the key components of microbial cell–cell communication systems. This report identified a diffusible signal factor (DSF), which regulates virulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, as cis-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid, an α,β unsaturated fatty acid. Analysis of DSF derivatives established the double bond at the α,β positions as the most important structural feature for DSF biological activity. A range of bacterial pathogens, including several Mycobacterium species, also displayed DSF-like activity. Furthermore, DSF is structurally and functionally related to farnesoic acid (FA), which regulates morphological transition and virulence by Candida albicans, a fungal pathogen. Similar to FA, which is also an α,β unsaturated fatty acid, DSF inhibits the dimorphic transition of C. albicans at a physiologically relevant concentration. We conclude that α,β unsaturated fatty acids represent a new class of extracellular signals for bacterial and fungal cell–cell communications. As prokaryote–eukaryote interactions are ubiquitous, such cross-kingdom conservation in cell–cell communication systems might have significant ecological and economic importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The mechanism by which dopaminergic neurons are selectively lost in Parkinson disease (PD) is unknown. Here we show that accumulation of α-synuclein in cultured human dopaminergic neurons results in apoptosis that requires endogenous dopamine production and is mediated by reactive oxygen ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 1708-1711 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mo-Cr diffusion layer on carbon steels are prepared by double glow plasma surfacemetallurgy and then treated by ultra-saturated carbonization, quenching and tempering. The contentof component is roughly that of high-speed steels (HSS). The results showed that the depth ofcoating is over 100μm and the content of Mo, Cr alloyed layer is about 20% and 10% respectively.Surface carbon content is over 2.0% after ultra-saturated carbonization. The carbides of the alloyedlayer are fine and dispersed, without coarse eutectic ledeburite. X-ray diffraction showed that thecarbides are M6C, M2C, M23C6 etc. SEM analyse indicated that the dimension of surface carbide isless 1μm. The abrasion experimental results showed that the relative wear resistance of the treatedsample was 2.38 times as that of quenched GCr15
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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