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  • 1
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    Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-29
    Description: To improve the limited degree of immersion of static binaural rendering for headphones, an increased measurement effort to obtain multiple-orientation binaural room impulse responses (MOBRIRs) is reasonable and enables dynamic variable-orientation rendering. We investigate the perceptual characteristics of dynamic rendering from MOBRIRs and test for the required angular resolution. Our first listening experiment shows that a resolution between 15 ∘ and 30 ∘ is sufficient to accomplish binaural rendering of high quality, regarding timbre, spatial mapping, and continuity. A more versatile alternative considers the separation of the room-dependent (RIR) from the listener-dependent head-related (HRIR) parts, and an efficient implementation thereof involves the measurement of a first-order Ambisonic RIR (ARIR) with a tetrahedral microphone. A resolution-enhanced ARIR can be obtained by an Ambisonic spatial decomposition method (ASDM) utilizing instantaneous direction of arrival estimation. ASDM permits dynamic rendering in higher-order Ambisonics, with the flexibility to render either using dummy-head or individualized HRIRs. Our comparative second listening experiment shows that 5th-order ASDM outperforms the MOBRIR rendering with resolutions coarser than 30 ∘ for all tested perceptual aspects. Both listening experiments are based on BRIRs and ARIRs measured in a studio environment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Auralization of High-Order Directional Sources from First-Order RIR Measurements (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: Can auralization of a highly directional source in a room succeed if it employs a room impulse response (RIR) measurement or simulation relying on a first-order directional source, only? This contribution presents model and evaluation of a source-and-receiver-directional Ambisonics RIR capture and processing approach (SRD ARIR) based on a small set of responses from a first-order source to a first-order receiver. To enhance the directional resolution, we extend the Ambisonic spatial decomposition method (ASDM) to upscale the first-order resolution of both source and receiver to higher orders. To evaluate the method, a listening experiment was conducted based on first-order SRD-ARIR measurements, into which the higher-order directivity of icosahedral loudspeaker’s (IKO) was inserted as directional source of well-studied perceptual effects. The results show how the proposed method performs and compares to alternative rendering methods based on measurements taken in the same acoustic environment, e.g., multiple-orientation binaural room impulse responses (MOBRIRs) from the physical IKO to the KU-100 dummy head, or higher-order SRD ARIRs from IKO to em32 Eigenmike. For optimal externalization, our experiments exploit the benefits of virtual reality, using a highly realistic visualization on head-mounted-display, and a user interface to report localization by placing interactive visual objects in the virtual space.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Auditory Distance Control Using a Variable-Directivity Loudspeaker (2017)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-29
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    Evaluation of Three Auditory-Sculptural Qualities Created by an Icosahedral Loudspeaker (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-02
    Description: The icosahedral loudspeaker (IKO) was previously established as an electroacoustic instrument enabling the musical creation and orchestration of sculptural sound phenomena in the room. This is technically achieved by manipulating the strengths of the available acoustic reflection paths by using the IKO’s acoustic beamforming capabilities. In its use, listeners perceive auditory sculptures whose characterization needs investigation. We present a proposed set of sculptural quality attributes directionality, contour, and plasticity and a series of listening experiments investigating them. The experiments employ documented beam layouts using a selected set of sounds as conditions, and they evaluate the recognizability, perceivable grading, and discernibility of the proposed sculptural qualities.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Correction: Wendt, F.; et al. Auditory Distance Control Using a Variable-Directivity Loudspeaker. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 666 (2017)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    Comparative evaluation of interpolation methods for the directivity of musical instruments (2021)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2021-10-30
    Description: Measurements of the directivity of acoustic sound sources must be interpolated in almost all cases, either for spatial upsampling to higher resolution representations of the data, for spatial resampling to another sampling grid, or for use in simulations of sound propagation. The performance of different interpolation techniques applied to sparsely sampled directivity measurements depends on the sampling grid used but also on the radiation pattern of the sources themselves. Therefore, we evaluated three established approaches for interpolation from a low-resolution sampling grid using high-resolution measurements of a representative sample of musical instruments as a reference. The smallest global error on average occurs for thin plate pseudo-spline interpolation. For interpolation based on spherical harmonics (SH) decomposition, the SH order and the spatial sampling scheme applied have a strong and difficult to predict influence on the quality of the interpolation. The piece-wise linear, spherical triangular interpolation provides almost as good results as the first-order spline approach, albeit with on average 20 times higher computational effort. Therefore, for spatial interpolation of sparsely sampled directivity measurements of musical instruments, the thin plate pseudo-spline method applied to absolute-valued data is recommended and, if necessary, a subsequent modeling of the phase.
    Print ISSN: 1687-4714
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-4722
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Ambisonics (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research. The book’s introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers. In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Signal processing ; Image processing ; Speech processing systems ; Acoustical engineering ; Acoustics ; Music ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration and acoustics) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTA Acoustic and sound engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBM Imaging systems and technology
    Language: English
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