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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-wafer characterization of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As modulation-doped field-effect transistor with 4.2 ps switching time and 3.2 ps delay (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 262-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report fabrication and electro-optic measurement of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As modulation- doped field-effect transistors. The devices are monolithically integrated with coplanar stripline fixtures incorporating photoconductive switches. The switching time for a 0.35 μm T-gate device is 4.2 ps and the delay is 3.2 ps. This is the fastest directly measured switching in a three-terminal device reported to date. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114687
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of GaAs/Ga"1"-"xAl"xAs multilayer systems by infrared spectroscopy at normal incidence
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 87 (1993), S. 1039-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0038-1098(93)90557-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characterization and cultivation strategies of the pentachlorophenol-degrading bacteria Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2 and Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: pentachlorophenol; biodegradation; growth physiology; cultivation; Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1; Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The physiological characteristics of growth and pentachlorophenol degradation of the bacteria Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2 and Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1 were studied quantitatively in liquid culture under various conditions of pH, temperature, pO2, pCO2 and PCP concentration. Concerning their metabolic properties, RA2 and PCP-1 can be regarded as r-strategist and K-strategist, respectively. RA2 showed a higher activity concerning growth and PCP degradation than PCP-1 under optimum conditions. However, PCP-1 performed better under extreme conditions. Maximum growth rates or RA2 and PCP-1 on glucose were 0.21 h−1 and 0.024 h−1 and maximum PCP degradation rates 315 and 40 μmol (g of dry cells)−1 h−1, respectively. Optimized cultivation for RA2 on a technical scale led to the production of 40 g L−1 of cell dry mass within 55 h. The cultivation strategy including pH-controlled ammonium feeding can be used to effectively produce sufficient biomass of both strains for both research and application as inoculants in soil clean-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900595
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrooptic characterization of modulation-doped field-effect transistors with monolithically-integrated test fixtures (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 867-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The authors report on the fabrication and electrooptic measurement of modulation-dopted field-effect transistors (MODFETs) monolithically integrated with coplanar stripline fixtures incorporating photoconductive switches. Both lattice-matched devices on InP substrates and pseudomorphic devices on GaAs substrates, as well as two different gate access structures have been characterized. In comparing two devices with identical gate access structures, one finds that the delay time of the pseudomorphic device is almost twice as long as that of the lattice-matched device. Surprisingly, the switching times (drain output risetimes) of the two devices are comparable. One also sees that the gate access structure significantly affects the switching in two lattice-matched devices: the switching times for double-gate and single-gate contact devices are 4.2 and 5.2 ps, respectively. In this case, however, no difference was seen in the delay times. These results show that, for the present devices, the switching and delay times are dominated by different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820153
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separating temporally-overlapped waveforms with electrooptic sampling (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 953-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The authors report on a new approach in ultrafast characterization of electronic devices to recover temporally-overlapping incident and reflected signals near a device. The technique involves electrooptic measurement at two locations. With suitable processing, the measured waveforms can be decomposed into components propagating towards and away from the device. Experimental results for coplanar structures are shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of 2,3-butanediol in a membrane bioreactor with cell recycle (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The production of 2,3-butanediol by Enterobacter aerogenes DSM 30053 was studied in a cell recycle system with a microfiltration module. Emphasis was put on the influence of oxygen supply, cell residence time, dilution rate, and pH. Under optimal conditions a productivity as high as 14.6 g butanediol + acetoin/l per hour was achieved with a product concentration of 54 g/l and a product yield of 88%. This productivity is three times higher than that of an ordinary continuous culture. The achievable final product concentration of a cell recycle system was limited by the accumulation of the inhibiting by-product acetic acid, which increased very rapidly at low dilution rate. To maximize product concentration a fed-batch fermentation was carried out with stepwise pH adaption at high cell density. A final product concentration of 110 g/l was obtained with a productivity of 5.4 g/l per hour and a yield of 97%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180571
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diamond-Like Carbon Films for Electrochemical Sensor (2003)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 437-438 (Oct. 2003), p. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/07/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.437-438.467.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of substrate limitation on product distribution and H2/CO2 ratio inKlebsiella pneumoniae during anaerobic fermentation of glycerol (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Product formation during anaerobic degradation of glycerol byKlebsiella pneumoniae DSM 2026, under glycerol limitation and glycerol excess in continugius cultures, has been investigated. Major and minor products and by-products as well as gaseous products were measured. The results indicated a positive correlation between specific glycerol uptake and most product formation rates under glycerol limitation. The production of 1,3-propanediol, lactate, formate, acetate, succinate and the by-products of anaerobic glycerol degradation byK. pneumoniae, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, was favoured by glycerol excess, while hydrogen generation and ethanol formation were best under glycerol limitation. It was also found that under glycerol limitation the rate of hydrogen evolution was generally higher than the CO2 production rate while under excess glycerol the reverse was true. Hence, on the basis of the ratio of the specific rates of evolution of H2 and CO2 (q H 2/q CO 2), it is possible to infer the existence of glycerol limitation. On the basis of the carbon and available electron balances, which are independent of metabolic pathways, the data are consistent. The NADH2 balance, which took into consideration the pathways of product formation, was also tested to check the validity of the assumed pathways and to check critically the consistency of the data. Good balances were also obtained.[
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902720
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of CO2 absorption on the measurement of CO2 evolution rate in aerobic and anaerobic continuous cultures (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1995), S. 688-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A general and simple equation is presented to account for the effect of CO2 absorption and the dissociation of carbonic acid in liquid on the measurement of the CO2 evolution rate (QCO2) of both anaerobic and aerobic continuous cultures. For aerobic cultures the same equation applies to the measurement of the respiratory quotient (RQ). The deviation of QCO2 and RQ, calculated from gas-phase measurements, from their true values can be assessed with two parameters: one accounts for the influence of pH, resulting from dissociation of carbonic acid, the other for the influence of operating conditions. Plots are given to show the influences of culture and operating conditions; they may be used as a guideline for choosing proper operating conditions for a reliable measurement of CO2 evolution rate and RQ value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171945
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth inhibition by ammonia and use of a pH-controlled feeding strategy for the effective cultivation of Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The inhibitory effect of ammonia on the growth of the polychlorinated xenobiotic-degrading bacterium Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum was examined. The strain is inhibited by both the ionized and nonionized forms of ammonia. At pH 6.9 50% reduction of the growth rate was observed at 6.8 g l-1 total ammonium. For 23 experiments performed in shake-flask culture at different pH values and ammonium concentrations a growth model based on the extended Monod kinetic fits the data with a deviation of 5.3%. To overcome growth inhibition in bioreactors a pH-controlled feeding strategy was developed for effective cultivation of M. chlorophenolicum at an ammonium level below 0.3 g l-1. The ammonium addition was controlled on-line by the stoichiometric interdependence of ammonium consumption and pH decline. With this on-line control strategy a biomass concentration as high as 26.2 g l-1 can be achieved within less than 1 week of cultivation, compared to a biomass concentration of 15.5 g l-1 in normal batch culture after 2 weeks of cultivation. The yield is also increased from 0.32 g to 0.43 g biomass (g glucose)-1. The strategy developed provides an effective method for the production of biomass of M. chlorophenolicum serving as the inoculum in remediation technologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050592
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