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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Optics Communications 60 (1986), S. 396-398 
    ISSN: 0030-4018
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Optics Communications 62 (1987), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 0030-4018
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 299-327 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The muscle and skeleton anatomy of the pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins are described in 3 Salariin Blenniidae: Salarias fasciatus (sublittoral), Istiblennius edentulus (eulittoral), Alticus kirkii (supralittoral). In A. kirkii these organs are adapted to a climbing habit on the steep rocks beyond the water. The results are compared with those found in Periophthalmus.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 28 (1974), S. 61-71 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of the eyes of 3 salariin Blenniidae have been investigated and compared: Salarias fasciatus (inhabiting the sublittoral), Istiblennius edentulus (eulittoral), and Alticus kirkii (supralittoral). An effective protection against desiccation in A. kirkii is offered by the very thick cornea conjunctiva. Extension of the visual field in this species is achieved by protrusion of the eyes from the head, by recession of the dermal pigment, and by a relatively large lense which allows better perception of marginal rays. The retina of I. edentulus is adapted for amphibious vision by the existence of many prominent swellings and folds, and of a central depression into which the lens can be with-drawn. Thereby, the stronger rays of light retraction present on land are focussed on the swellings, since the retina of the depression is under-developed. The cornea conjunctiva and propria of A. kirkii are separated, and thereby constitute an additional eye chamber. Presumably this cavity possesses a lower refractive index than the cornea or water, and thereby enables sharp vision in air, since the light-concentrating effect of the curved cornea is thus diminished. Additionally, the shape of the cornea propria can be varied, since it is centrally connected with the lens; by this means the eye chamber can be extended, enabling displacement of the tocal point of the light rays to correspond with the momentary residence. The adaptations described here for I. edentulus and for A. kirkii have so far not been reported in other amphibious vertebrates.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 13 (1972), S. 238-246 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Fünf Arten von salariinen Blenniidae (Pisces) wurden hinsichtlich ihrer äußeren Morphologie untersucht und die Ergebnisse in Beziehung zur Lebensweise der jeweiligen Form gesetzt. 2. Von den untersuchten Arten lebt Salarias fasciatus im Sublitoral, Antennablennius hypenetes, Istiblennius flaviumbrinus und I. edentulus im eulitoralen Gezeitenbereich und Alticus kirkii im Supralitoral; alle diese Arten bewohnen felsige Substrate und weiden von diesen den feinen Algenbewuchs ab. 3. Die äußeren morphologischen Anpassungen an die jeweilige Lebensweise können nach 4 Hauptfunktionen geordnet werden: (a) fortbewegung und Festklammern. Die unteren Strahlen der Pectoralia sowie alle gegliederten Analis-Strahlen laufen zu kleinen Häkchen aus. Diese sind bei A. kirkii am kräftigsten, bei S. fasciatus am schwächsten ausgebildet; die anderen Arten nehmen in dieser Hinsicht cine Zwischenstellung ein. Die Zahl der zu Häkchen auslaufenden Pectoralia-Strahlen schwankt zwischen 4 (A. kirkii) und 2 (S. fasciatus). Die Ventralia, deren 4 Strahlen sich auf 2 Teilflossen verteilen, sind bei A. kirkii kurz und breit, bei den anderen 4 Arten aber lang und schlank. Diese Strukturen dienen dem Festhalten an Unebenheiten des Substrats; sie sind bei A. kirkii am besten an diese Aufgabe angepaßt und können von dieser Art sogar zum Klettern an Land verwendet werden. (b) Schutz der Flossen. Die Flossen werden an den Stellen, an denen sie sehr intensiv mit rauhem Substrat in Berührung kommen, von einer Culticula geschützt. Die Cuticula ist besonders dick an den Ventralia, den unteren Pectoralia-Strahlen und an den Spitzen der Analis-Strahlen von A. kirkii, schwächer bei den eulitoralen Formen; bei S. fasciatus ist sie nicht wahrnehmbar. (c) Gasaustausch. Atmungsorgane, die ihre Funktion auf dem Land erfüllen können, wurden in Form von Hautblutgefäßen am Kopf und Körper von A. kirkii, I. edentulus und I. flaviumbrinus entdeckt; bei A. kirkii sind diese am zahlreichsten und stärksten entwickelt. Parallel zur Entwicklung dieser Organe muß bei A. kirkii die Verhaltensweise des “Wälzens” (Magnus, 1966) entstanden sein, die es dem Fisch an Land ermöglicht, die Haut für längere Zeit feucht zu halten. (d) Reizaufnahme. Die Leistung der Sinnesorgane kann nach ihrem äußeren Bau am wenigsten beurteilt werden; es gibt jedoch einige auffallende Unterschiede. Bei A. kirkii fallen die aus dem Kopfprofil hervortretenden Augen auf, die eine Orientierung nach allen Richtungen ermöglichen. Die Seitenlinie von A. kirkii ist bis auf geringe Reste reduziert, während sie bei dem submers lebenden s. fasciatus eine normale Ausbilding erfährt; die anderen 3 Arten nehmen eine Zwischenstellung ein. Die Kopfporen werden bei allen 5 Arten in identischer Weise ausgebildet. 4. Es wird angenommen, daß S. fasciatus und A. kirkii repräsentative Endglieder einer Entwicklungsreihe sind, die in einer konstruktiven Evolution zu der amphibischen Lebensweise hinführte.
    Notes: Abstract The external morphology of 5 species of salariin Blenniidae has been examined. Differences have been established between Salarias fasciatus living in the sublittoral, Antennablennius hypenetes, Istiblennius edentulus and I. flaviumbrinus inhabiting the eulittoral zone, and, especially, Alticus kirkii living on steep rocks of the supralittoral zone. The rays of the anal and (partly) pectoral fins terminate in little hooks; these are most pronounced in A. kirkii and least developed in S. jasciatus. The pelvic fins are short and broad in A. kirkii, but long and slender in the other 4 species. These structures make it possible to cling to uneven substrates. Fins are protected from rough rocks by a well developed cuticula; this is thickest in A. kirkii. Respiratory organs, adapted to function on land, have been discovered in the form of cutaneous blood vessels on the heads and the bodies of A. kirkii, and (less numerous and less developed) in I. edentulus and I. flaviumbrinus. Sensory organs have become specialized in A. kirkii; the eyes protude from the head, and the lateral line is reduced to a small relict. S. fasciatus and A. kirkii must be regarded as terminal representatives of a sequence of development which followed a trend toward the amphibian way of life.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurde die Fauna in 8 Aufwuchsproben aus dem oberen Felslitoral bei Banyuls-sur-Mer (französische Mittelmeerküste) untersucht. Bivalvia und Amphipoda waren am häufigsten vertreten; weniger häufig wurden Nematodes, Polychaeta, Copepoda und Halacaridae angetroffen; andere Tiergruppen kamen nur vereinzelt vor. 2. Der Verdauungstrakt von 67 Individuen der Schleimfischarten Blennius trigloides, B. canevae, B. sphinx, B. incognitus und B. dalmatinus (Blennioidei, Perciformes, Pisces) — aus dem gleichen Biotop wie die Aufwuchsproben — wurde auf seinen Gehalt an aufgenommenen Nährtieren hin untersucht. Amphipoda wurden am häufigsten gefunden, weniger häufig Copepoda und Algen, in geringen Mengen Halacaridae, Bivalvia und Ostracoda. Die übrigen in den Aufwuchsproben enthaltenen Tiergruppen waren nur gelegentlich oder gar nicht im Verdauungstrakt festzustellen. 3. Sämtliche aufgenommenen Hauptnährtiere der Blennius-Arten sind in der Biozönose des untersuchten Aufwuchses enthalten. 4. Die Algen des oberen Felslitorals dienen ebenfalls als Nahrung für die Blennius-Arten. Da sie außerdem als Substrat für die Hauptnahrungstiere Bedeutung haben, wird die enge lokale Bindung dieser Fische an den Standort der Algen verständlich.
    Notes: Abstract Eight epiphytal samples were taken from the upper littoral at Banyuls-sur-Mer (French Mediterranean coast) and the fauna living on the thalli of algae or between bivalves was examined. Intestinal food contents of 67 specimens of 5 Blennius species (B. trigloides, B. canevae, B. sphinx, B. incognitus, and B. dalmatinus) occurring in the same biotope were also investigated. The epiphytal samples consisted of a rich supply of amphipods, bivalves, and algae. Amphipods are the preferred food of the Blennius species examined. These fishes also consume large amounts of copepods and algae, and small quantities of halacarids, bivalves, and ostracods. In addition to serving as a substrate for the main food-animals of the fishes, the algae themselves constitute an important food source. Presumably, for these reasons, the fishes remain close to the area inhabited by the algae on rocky substrates.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 7 (1994), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — The discovery of expanding CAG and CGG repeats in several inherited psychomotor disorders has provided a molecular explanation of the phenomena of anticipation and other unusual inheritance patterns1. Trinucleotide expansions have been identified in seven disorders including ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 366 (2000), S. 745-751 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Single-molecule detection (SMD) is becoming more and more popular in the scientific community and is on the threshold to become a technique for laboratory use. Therefore, conceivable applications as well as optimized conditions for SMD will be discussed. To point out the possibilities of SMD, the signal-to-background ratio and the detection efficiency, in combination with the probability of misclassification, will be contemplated.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fish fauna of an eulittoral mud flat was investigated at Sylt Island (North Sea) with special regard to its food uptake. During the course of a year the following species were caught:Pomatoschistus microps, Anguilla anguilla (elvers),Zoarces viviparus, andGasterosteus aculeatus. Considering the potentially available food, the most abundant organisms of the benthos were harpacticoids and nematodes, whereas in the phytal layer gastropods and gammarids were dominant. The benthic biomass was found to be greatest in spring, while phytal organisms were most abundant in late summer. The greatest fish density was stated in September 1974 though onlyP. microps was present. The fish biomass was highest in spring when the elvers appeared. The main food ofP. microps was epibenthos; in the diet ofA. anguilla phytal organisms dominated over epibenthos, inG. aculeatus suprabenthic organisms were also present. The most prominent food component by biomass was gammarids in all investigated fish, whereas harpacticoids were only dominant in number. During the course of the year the biomass of ingested food yielded highest values in summer and autumn, but lowest in winter. A very great predatory activity was found in September 1974, which possibly caused a grazing effect on harpacticoids. An estimation of the turnover rate of small-sized fish in this month led to a value of 70 mg dry weight m−2 · d−1.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 50 (1996), S. 539-549 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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