Call number:
9788132227076 (e-book)
Description / Table of Contents:
The book presents recent research on marine ecology in different parts of the world. It aims to shed light on relevant topics for budding marine ecologists. The “blue soup” of Planet Earth, which comprises both biotic and abiotic components, is essential to keeping the wheel of civilization running. Four major ecosystem service categories have been identified within this context, namely provisioning services such as water, food, mangrove timber, honey, fish, wax, fuel wood, fodder and bioactive compounds from marine and estuarine flora and fauna; regulating services such as the regulation of climate, coastal erosion, coral bleaching and pollution;cultural services encompassing recreational (tourism), spiritual and other non-material benefits; and supporting services such as nutrient cycling and photosynthesis. These valuable services are obtained from various resources that must be conserved for the sake of humanity. This book presents data for each resource type, not just in the form of a simple description, but also through case studies that resulted from several research projec ts and pilot programs carried out in different parts of the world. Statistical tools were also used to critically analyze the influence of relevant hydrological parameters on the biotic community. Advanced research in marine and estuarine ecology is based on the use of sophisticated instruments, sampling precision, statistical tools, etc., which have also been highlighted in the book.
Type of Medium:
12
Pages:
1 Online-Ressource (xii, 481 Seiten)
,
Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
ISBN:
9788132227076
,
978-81-322-2707-6
URL:
Ebook (access only within the AWI network)
DOI:
10.1007/978-81-322-2707-6
Language:
English
Note:
Contents
1 Marine Ecosystem: An Overview
1.1 Benthic Compartment
1.1.1 Supralittoral Zone
1.1.2 Eulittoral Zone
1.1.3 Sublittoral Zone
1.1.4 Continental Shelf
1.1.5 Continental Slope
1.1.6 Bathyal Zone
1.1.7 Abyssal Plains
1.1.8 Hadal Zone
1.2 Aquatic Compartment
1.2.1 Classification on the Basis of Light Penetration
1.2.2 How to Estimate the Age of Ocean Water?
1.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Consumption Method
1.2.4 Decay Rate of 14C Method
1.2.5 90Sr Content Method
1.2.6 Hydrogen Isotope Method
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
2 Estuarine Ecosystem: An Overview
2.1 Definition and Ecosystem Services
2.1.1 Ecosystem Services
2.2 Classification
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
3 Physical Processes in the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
3.1 Waves and Tides
3.1.1 Tides
3.1.2 Theories Related to Tides
3.1.3 Tidal Bore and Tide in Rivers
3.2 Currents
3.2.1 Upwelling and Downwelling: Causes and Significance
3.2.2 Factors Regulating the Pattern and Distribution of Currents
3.2.3 What Happens Practically?
3.2.4 El Niño
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
4 Abiotic Variables of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
4.1 Chemical Components
4.1.1 Spatio-temporal Variations of Salinity
4.1.2 Deep-Water Salinity
4.1.3 Conservative and Non-conservative Ions
4.1.4 Dissolved Gases in Seawater
4.1.5 Nutrients
4.2 Sediment Compartment
4.2.1 Transportation of Marine Sediments
4.2.2 Classification of Marine Sediments
4.2.3 Ooze: Definition and Type
4.2.4 Sediment Deposition: A Boon or a Curse?
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
5 Producers of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
5.1 Phytoplankton Community
5.1.1 Diatoms
5.1.2 Dinoflagellates
5.1.3 Coccolithophores
5.1.4 Blue-Green Algae
5.1.5 Green Algae
5.1.6 Classification of Phytoplankton
5.2 Macrophytes
5.2.1 Seaweed Community
5.2.2 Mangroves
5.2.3 Seagrass and Salt Marsh Grass
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
6 Consumers of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
6.1 Zooplankton Community
6.1.1 Zooplankton: Do They Maintain Uniformity in Their Life Timeline?
6.2 Vertebrate Community
6.2.1 Fishes
6.2.2 Reptiles
6.2.3 Sea Birds
6.2.4 Marine Mammals
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
7 Decomposers of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
7.1 Overview of Marine and Estuarine Microbes
7.1.1 Marine Organisms as Habitats of Microorganisms
7.1.2 Identification of Marine and Estuarine Microorganisms: A Molecular Genetic Approach
7.2 Importance of Marine and Estuarine Microbes
7.2.1 Production of Antibiotics
7.2.2 Production of Antitumour Compounds
7.2.3 Production of Enzyme
7.2.4 Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon
7.2.5 Degradation of Mangrove Litter
7.2.6 Drugs from Marine Microbes
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
8 Adaptation of Marine and Estuarine Organisms
8.1 Adaptation of Organisms in the Intertidal Zone
8.1.1 Adaptation of Biota Inhabiting Rocky Shore
8.1.2 Adaptation of Biota Inhabiting Soft Substratum
8.2 Adaptation of Organisms Inhabiting Deep Sea
8.2.1 Morphological Adaptations
8.2.2 Biochemical Adaptations
8.2.3 Vent Communities of the Deep Sea
8.2.4 Properties of Vent Community
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
9 Hot Spots of Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
9.1 Mangroves
9.2 Coral Reefs
9.2.1 Types of Coral Reefs
9.2.2 Coral Reef Characteristics
9.2.3 Reef Productivity
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
10 Threats to Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems
10.1 Natural Threats
10.1.1 Alteration of the Earth’s Orbit
10.1.2 Natural Oscillation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
10.1.3 Volcanic Activities
10.1.4 Variations in Solar Output
10.1.5 Plate Tectonics
10.1.6 Natural Disasters and Extreme Weather Events
10.2 Anthropogenic Threats
10.2.1 Pollution
10.2.2 Aquaculture
10.2.3 Unplanned Tourism
10.2.4 Introduction of Alien Species
10.2.5 Development of Coastal Structures
10.2.6 Negative Fishing
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
11 Conservation of Marine and Estuarine Resources
11.1 Conservation or Preservation?
11.2 Tiers for Conservation
11.2.1 Habitat Diversity
11.2.2 Community and Ecosystem Diversity
11.2.3 Functional Diversity
11.2.4 Population Diversity
11.2.5 Phyletic Diversity
11.2.6 Species Diversity
11.2.7 Genetic Diversity
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
12 Instruments and Methods
12.1 Instruments
12.1.1 Instruments Used for Physical Oceanographic Study
12.1.2 Instruments Used for Geological Oceanographic Study
12.1.3 Instruments Used for Chemical Oceanographic Study
12.1.4 Instruments Used for Biological Oceanographic Study
12.2 Application of Satellites in Marine and Estuarine Researches
Brain Churners
Annexure
References
Erratum
Permalink
