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    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: By crystallisation of low oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) films one obtaines a structure for which in X-ray wide angle scattering the 100-reflection lies on the meridian and the 010-reflection on the equator. X-ray small angle scattering shows a maximum on the meridian.One can explain these results by means of a model of twisted lamellae, the twisting axes of which are lying preferentially perpendicular to the drawing-direction. In such a twisted lamella the (001)-planes of the crystals are parallel to the surface of the lamellae and the b-axes lie in the direction of the twisting axis. This model also explains the negative birefringence observed for this structure.
    Notes: Bei der Kristallisation von schwach orientierten Polyäthylenterephthalat-Folien erhält man eine Struktur, für die in der Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung der 100-Reflex am Meridian und der 010-Reflex am Äquator liegt. Die Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung zeigt ein Intensitätsmaximum am Meridian.Man kann diese Befunde mit einem Modell aus tordierten Lamellen erklären, deren Torsionsachsen bevorzugt senkrecht zur Verstreckrichtung liegen. In einer solchen tordierten Lamelle liegen die (001)-Ebenen der Kristallite parallel zur Lamellenoberfläche und die b-Achsen in Richtung der Torsionsachse. Die bei dieser Struktur auftretende negative Doppelbrechung kann mit diesem Modell ebenfalls erklärt werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 2721-2733 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The spin echo envelope of molten polyethylene can be separated into four exponential components corresponding to four different relaxation times T2. The relative intensities of these components were investigated for unfractionated and fractionated polyethylenes of different molecular weights as well as for mixtures of polyethylene and paraffin. Considering the results obtained, the following assignments for the different components are proposed: component K1 with the smallest relaxation time is attributed to chains within small fluctuating bundles; component K2 with the second smallest relaxation time is caused by long chains outside of the bundles; component K4 with the largest relaxation time arises from highly mobile short chains; finally, component K3 with the second largest relaxation time is caused by some short chains as well as by some long chains.During crystallization, in a first step mainly K1 decreases, in a second step however mainly K2 decreases. Components K3 and K4 remain constant in the second step. This demonstrates that the different behaviour of the single components during crystalization is not caused by fractionation; it can be explained, as proposed earlier, by the existence of small, fluctuating bundles in the melt.
    Notes: Die Spin-Echo-Einhüllende von geschmolzenem Polyäthylen kann in vier exponentiell abfallende Komponenten zerlegt werden, die verschiedenen Relaxationszeiten T2 entsprechen. Die relativen Intensitäten dieser Komponenten in nichtfraktionierten und fraktionierten Polyäthylenen verschiedenen Molekulargewichts sowie in Mischungen aus Polyäthylen und Paraffin wurden bestimmt. Aufgrund der erhaltenen Ergebnisse wird die folgende Zuordnung vorgeschlagen: Die Komponente K1 mit der kürzesten Relaxationszeit stammt von Ketten innerhalb von kleinen, fluktuierenden Bündeln; die Komponente K2 mit der zweitkürzesten Relaxationszeit rührt von langen Ketten außerhalb der Bündel her: die Komponente K4 mit der längsten Relaxationszeit wird durch sehr gut bewegliche. kurze Ketten verursacht; die Komponente K3 schließlich, mit der zweitlängsten Relaxationszeit, rührt von einigen kurzen sowie einigen langen Ketten her.Im Verlauf einer Kristallisation nimmt in der ersten Stufe vorwiegend K1 ab, in der zweiten Stufe dagegen vor allem K2. Die Komponenten K3 und K4 bleiben in der zweiten Stufe konstant. Dies zeigt, daß das unterschiedliche Verhalten der einzelnen Komponenten bei der Kristallisation kein Fraktionierungseffekt ist, sondern entsprechend einem früheren Vorschlag auf kleine fluktuierende Bündel in der Schmelze zurückgeführt werden kann.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 1185-1192 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(ethylene naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate) (PEN) crystallizes in two different modifications depending on the temperature of crystallization. The high resolution solid state 13C NMR spectra of the α modification, β modification and amorphous PEN have been measured by empolying cross polarization with magic angle spinning and high power proton decoupling. By application of both a short contact time pulse sequence and an interrupted decoupling pulse sequence all resonance lines, some of which are overlapped in the original 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of both amorphous and β modification PEN, are separated. The α modification PEN, β modification PEN, amorphous PEN and PEN in solution show different chemical shifts for each individual carbon atom. The chemical shift difference between amorphous PEN and PEN in solution is much smaller than the difference between either modification crystalline PEN and PEN in solution. The resonance lines of the naphthalene carbon atoms of crystalline PEN have been found to be at a lower field shift than the corresponding lines of PEN in solution. Conversely, the resonance lines of the other carbon atoms on crystalline PEN are shifted upfield from the ones of PEN in solution. A significant difference between of spectra of α and β form PEN can be observed in resonances of the protonated naphthalene carbon atoms C1, C5, C4, and C8. These differ by 1.10 ppm. These chemical shift differences are explained in terms of different conformation and chain packing in the samples.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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