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  • 1
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    A Moisture Budget Perspective of the Amount Effect (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-10
    Description: [1]  A stable water isotopologue-enabled cloud-resolving model was used to investigate the cause of the amount effect on the seasonal (or longer) timescales. When the total water (vapor and condensed phase) budget of the precipitating column of air is considered, our results indicate that, as convection becomes stronger and the precipitation rate increases, the δ D of precipitation ( δD p ) depends on the isotopic composition of the converged vapor more than that of surface evaporation. Tests with disabled fractionation from rain evaporation demonstrate that this mechanism does not account for the amount effect as has been previously suggested. If the isotopic content of converged vapor is made uniform with height with a value characteristic of surface evaporation, the amount effect largely disappears, further supporting the dominance of converged vapor in changes to the δD p signal with increasing precipitation. δD p values were compared to the water budget term , where P is precipitation and E is evaporation. Results from this comparison support the overall conclusion that moisture convergence is central in determining the value of δD p and the strength of the amount effect in steady state.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-25
    Description: The Tibetan plateau, like any landmass, emits energy into the atmosphere in the form of dry heat and water vapour, but its mean surface elevation is more than 5 km above sea level. This elevation is widely held to cause the plateau to serve as a heat source that drives the South Asian summer monsoon, potentially coupling uplift of the plateau to climate changes on geologic timescales. Observations of the present climate, however, do not clearly establish the Tibetan plateau as the dominant thermal forcing in the region: peak upper-tropospheric temperatures during boreal summer are located over continental India, south of the plateau. Here we show that, although Tibetan plateau heating locally enhances rainfall along its southern edge in an atmospheric model, the large-scale South Asian summer monsoon circulation is otherwise unaffected by removal of the plateau, provided that the narrow orography of the Himalayas and adjacent mountain ranges is preserved. Additional observational and model results suggest that these mountains produce a strong monsoon by insulating warm, moist air over continental India from the cold and dry extratropics. These results call for both a reinterpretation of how South Asian climate may have responded to orographic uplift, and a re-evaluation of how this climate may respond to modified land surface and radiative forcings in coming decades.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boos, William R -- Kuang, Zhiming -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):218-22. doi: 10.1038/nature08707.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Enhanced upper tropical tropospheric COS: impact on the stratospheric aerosol layer (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is considered to be a major source of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol during periods of volcanic quiescence. We measured COS at the tropical tropopause and find mixing ratios to be 20 to 50% larger than are assumed in models. The enhanced COS levels are correlated with high concentrations of biomass-burning pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The analysis of backward trajectories and global maps of fire statistics suggest that biomass-burning emissions transported upward by deep convection are the source of the enhanced COS in the upper tropical troposphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Notholt, J -- Kuang, Z -- Rinsland, C P -- Toon, G C -- Rex, M -- Jones, N -- Albrecht, T -- Deckelmann, H -- Krieg, J -- Weinzierl, C -- Bingemer, H -- Weller, R -- Schrems, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):307-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. jnotholt@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Microphysical controls on the isotopic composition of wintertime orographic precipitation (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-03
    Description: The sensitivity of mixed-phase orographic clouds, precipitation and their isotopic content to changes in dynamics, thermodynamics and microphysics is explored in idealized two-dimensional flow over a mountain barrier. These simulations use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with stable water isotopologues (HDO and H O), which have been integrated into the Thompson microphysics scheme within WRF as part of the present project. In order to understand how the isotopic composition of precipitation ( ) is fixed, the mountain height, temperature, and the prescribed cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) have been varied in a series of simulations. For the given range of values explored in this work, changes in mountain height and temperature induce stronger responses in domain-averaged than do changes in CDNC by a factor of approximately 10. The strongest response to changing CDNC leads to local variations of of about 3‰, though those occur in regions of weak precipitation (〈0.1 mm hr −1 ). Changes in can be understood through the microphysical pathways by which precipitable hydrometeors are formed and by the isotopic signature associated with each pathway. The decrease in with increasing mountain height is not just a function of decreasing temperature, but also reflects the changing contributions and distinct isotopic signatures of riming of cloud liquid and vapor deposition onto snow, the leading sources of precipitation in these simulations. The changes in with mountain height, temperature and CDNC are governed in part by the microphysical pathways through which precipitating hydrometeors are formed and grow.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    A mechanism-denial study on the Madden-Julian Oscillation with reduced interference from mean state changes (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-14
    Description: Mechanism-denial experiments using Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model are conducted to investigate the importance of extratropical and circumnavigating waves, wind-evaporation feedback and radiative-convective feedback to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). A common issue with mechanism-denial studies is the interference from mean state changes when processes are turned off in the model. Here, time-invariant forcing and nudging on effective timescales longer than the intraseasonal timescale are implemented to maintain the mean state. The MJO activity remains largely unchanged with suppressed extratropical and circumnavigating waves when the mean state is maintained to be close to that of the control run, suggesting that excitation of MJO by extratropical and circumnavigating waves is not necessary for the existence of MJO in this model. It is also shown that the wind-evaporation feedback slows down eastward propagation of the MJO, and the radiative-convective feedback amplifies the MJO.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Functional dissection of lysine deacetylases reveals that HDAC1 and p300 regulate AMPK (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-10
    Description: First identified as histone-modifying proteins, lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and deacetylases (KDACs) antagonize each other through modification of the side chains of lysine residues in histone proteins. Acetylation of many non-histone proteins involved in chromatin, metabolism or cytoskeleton regulation were further identified in eukaryotic organisms, but the corresponding enzymes and substrate-specific functions of the modifications are unclear. Moreover, mechanisms underlying functional specificity of individual KDACs remain enigmatic, and the substrate spectra of each KDAC lack comprehensive definition. Here we dissect the functional specificity of 12 critical human KDACs using a genome-wide synthetic lethality screen in cultured human cells. The genetic interaction profiles revealed enzyme-substrate relationships between individual KDACs and many important substrates governing a wide array of biological processes including metabolism, development and cell cycle progression. We further confirmed that acetylation and deacetylation of the catalytic subunit of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical cellular energy-sensing protein kinase complex, is controlled by the opposing catalytic activities of HDAC1 and p300. Deacetylation of AMPK enhances physical interaction with the upstream kinase LKB1, leading to AMPK phosphorylation and activation, and resulting in lipid breakdown in human liver cells. These findings provide new insights into previously underappreciated metabolic regulatory roles of HDAC1 in coordinating nutrient availability and cellular responses upstream of AMPK, and demonstrate the importance of high-throughput genetic interaction profiling to elucidate functional specificity and critical substrates of individual human KDACs potentially valuable for therapeutic applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277212/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277212/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Yu-yi -- Kiihl, Samara -- Suhail, Yasir -- Liu, Shang-Yun -- Chou, Yi-hsuan -- Kuang, Zheng -- Lu, Jin-ying -- Khor, Chin Ni -- Lin, Chi-Long -- Bader, Joel S -- Irizarry, Rafael -- Boeke, Jef D -- U54 RR 020839/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020839/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020839-09/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 8;482(7384):251-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10804.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan. yuyilin@ntu.edu.tw〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22318606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Acetylation ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Histone Deacetylase 1/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Substrate Specificity ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Total synthesis of a functional designer eukaryotic chromosome (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Rapid advances in DNA synthesis techniques have made it possible to engineer viruses, biochemical pathways and assemble bacterial genomes. Here, we report the synthesis of a functional 272,871-base pair designer eukaryotic chromosome, synIII, which is based on the 316,617-base pair native Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III. Changes to synIII include TAG/TAA stop-codon replacements, deletion of subtelomeric regions, introns, transfer RNAs, transposons, and silent mating loci as well as insertion of loxPsym sites to enable genome scrambling. SynIII is functional in S. cerevisiae. Scrambling of the chromosome in a heterozygous diploid reveals a large increase in a-mater derivatives resulting from loss of the MATalpha allele on synIII. The complete design and synthesis of synIII establishes S. cerevisiae as the basis for designer eukaryotic genome biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033833/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033833/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Annaluru, Narayana -- Muller, Heloise -- Mitchell, Leslie A -- Ramalingam, Sivaprakash -- Stracquadanio, Giovanni -- Richardson, Sarah M -- Dymond, Jessica S -- Kuang, Zheng -- Scheifele, Lisa Z -- Cooper, Eric M -- Cai, Yizhi -- Zeller, Karen -- Agmon, Neta -- Han, Jeffrey S -- Hadjithomas, Michalis -- Tullman, Jennifer -- Caravelli, Katrina -- Cirelli, Kimberly -- Guo, Zheyuan -- London, Viktoriya -- Yeluru, Apurva -- Murugan, Sindurathy -- Kandavelou, Karthikeyan -- Agier, Nicolas -- Fischer, Gilles -- Yang, Kun -- Martin, J Andrew -- Bilgel, Murat -- Bohutski, Pavlo -- Boulier, Kristin M -- Capaldo, Brian J -- Chang, Joy -- Charoen, Kristie -- Choi, Woo Jin -- Deng, Peter -- DiCarlo, James E -- Doong, Judy -- Dunn, Jessilyn -- Feinberg, Jason I -- Fernandez, Christopher -- Floria, Charlotte E -- Gladowski, David -- Hadidi, Pasha -- Ishizuka, Isabel -- Jabbari, Javaneh -- Lau, Calvin Y L -- Lee, Pablo A -- Li, Sean -- Lin, Denise -- Linder, Matthias E -- Ling, Jonathan -- Liu, Jaime -- Liu, Jonathan -- London, Mariya -- Ma, Henry -- Mao, Jessica -- McDade, Jessica E -- McMillan, Alexandra -- Moore, Aaron M -- Oh, Won Chan -- Ouyang, Yu -- Patel, Ruchi -- Paul, Marina -- Paulsen, Laura C -- Qiu, Judy -- Rhee, Alex -- Rubashkin, Matthew G -- Soh, Ina Y -- Sotuyo, Nathaniel E -- Srinivas, Venkatesh -- Suarez, Allison -- Wong, Andy -- Wong, Remus -- Xie, Wei Rose -- Xu, Yijie -- Yu, Allen T -- Koszul, Romain -- Bader, Joel S -- Boeke, Jef D -- Chandrasegaran, Srinivasan -- 092076/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM077291/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077291/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM090192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):55-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1249252. Epub 2014 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Genes, Fungal ; Genetic Fitness ; Genome, Fungal ; Genomic Instability ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Fungal/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion ; Synthetic Biology/*methods ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Experimental studies of diffusion welding of YBCO to copper using solder layers (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-01
    Description: The welding technology is of great importance in YBCO application. To make better joints, the diffusion welding of YBCO tape to copper has been carried out in a vacuum environment. In consideration of high welding temperature (above 200°C) could do damage to the material performance, a new kind of diffusion welding method with temperature below 200 °C has been developed recently. A new welding appliance which can offer pressure over 35Kg/mm 2 and controlled temperature has been designed and built; several YBCO coated conductors joints soldered with different melting points of tins has been tested. The results showed that the diffusion can perfectly connect YBCO to copper as well as stainless steel and resistance of the joint was low, and the YBCO tape could bear 217°C for at least 15mins.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    Enhanced upper tropical tropospheric COS: Impact on the stratospheric aerosol layer (2003)
    In:  EPIC3Science, 300, pp. 307-310
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Carbonyl sulphide (COS) is considered to be a major source of the stratospheric sulphate aerosol during periods of volcanic quiescence. We have measured the COS concentrations at the tropical tropopause and find mixing ratios 20-50% larger than assumed in models. The enhanced COS levels are correlated with high concentrations of biomass burning pollutants like CO and HCN. The analysis of backward trajectories and global maps of fire statistics suggest that biomass burning emissions transported upwards by deep convection are the source of the enhanced COS in the upper tropical troposphere.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue crack growth for a surface crack in a round bar under multi-axial loading condition (2005)
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, the fatigue life, surface crack extension direction and crack growth rate in an elastic bar with a circular cross section are determined through experiments under cyclic torsion with axial static and cyclic tension/compression loading. The effects of the loading type, loading value and stress ratio on the crack growth behaviour are discussed. The results show that, under pure fatigue torsion loading, the crack extension direction is almost the same whatever the value of torsion loading. Under fatigue torsion with cyclic tension loading, it is found that the crack extension direction is mainly determined by the alternating parts of the stresses and is almost independent of the average parts of the stresses, whereas the fatigue life is obviously dependent on the average stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00929.x
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