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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced mechanical hardness in epitaxial nonisostructural Mo/NbN and W/NbN superlattices (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 776-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial Mo/NbN and W/NbN superlattices with modulation wavelengths Λ ranging from 1.3 to 120 nm were grown on MgO (001) substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering in Ar/N2 mixtures. The superlattices were shown to be epitaxial with nearly planar layers using high- and low-angle x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Computer simulation fits of the x-ray data indicated that interface widths were ≤0.3 nm. The epitaxial relationship between the layers was (001)metal(parallel)(001)NbN and [110]metal(parallel)[100]NbN. The nanoindenter microhardness values from W/NbN and Mo/NbN superlattices with 50 vol % metal were nearly identical. The largest hardnesses were 30 GPa, observed at superlattice periods Λ=2–3 nm, compared to rule-of-mixtures values of 10 GPa. The hardness decreased with increasing Λ above (approximate)3 nm, following the dependences H=10.3+26.70Λ−0.38 GPa for Mo/NbN and H=12.88+22.1Λ−0.3 GPa for W/NbN. Hardness versus metal volume fraction with Λ(approximate)5 nm showed a flat-topped dependence. Brillouin scattering results for Mo/NbN superlattices showed a minor elastic anamoly at small Λ. The hardness results are compared with theories for strengthening of multilayers. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368137
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of friction kernels for n-butane isomerization in water by the generalized Langevin equation (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 4976-4980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article, the isomerization reaction of n-butane is used to study the dynamic properties of n-butane in aqueous solution. It is assumed that the dihedral angle of n-butane obeys the generalized Langevin equation (GLE), in which an effective potential, a friction damping and a random torque are included. The random torque is calculated using constrained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the time-dependent friction kernel is determined by using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The results show that for the trans, gauche, and transition states of n-butane, the random torques approximately follow a Gaussian distribution. The friction kernels demonstrate a rapid initial decay and a slow sequential decay, while the half-widths of the Gaussian distributions and the initial values of the friction kernels are somewhat dependent on the conformations. The transmission coefficient for crossing the transition state is also analyzed within the framework of Kramers and Grote–Hynes theories. The result shows that the isomerization of n-butane in water is in the polarization caging regime. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469546
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulations of trans- and cis-N-acetyl-N'-methylamides of XaaPro dipeptides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Structure 323 (1994), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2860
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2860(94)08300-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Synthesis of 2-Fluoroalkyl Quinolines (2000)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 131 (2000), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. α-Fluoroalkyl aldehyde; α-Fluoroalkyl cyclohexanone; Aniline; 2-Fluoroalkyl quinoline; 2-Fluoroalkyl benzoxazole; Acetic acid.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  2-Fluoralkylchinoline werden durch Reaktion von Anilin mit α-Fluoraldehyden oder α-Fluorcyclohexanonen in Gegenwart von Essigsäure dargestellt. Unter denselben Reaktionsbedingungen gibt 2-Aminophenol die entsprechenden 2-Fluoralkyl-8-chinolinole; in manchen Fällen werden 2-Fluoralkylbenzoxazole als Nebenprodukte gebildet.
    Notes: Summary.  2-Fluoroalkyl quinolines are prepared by reacting aniline with α-fluoroalkyl aldehydes or α-fluoroalkyl cyclohexanones in the presence of acetic acid. Under the same reaction condition, 2-aminophenol gives the corresponding 2-fluoroalkyl-8-quinolinols; in some cases, 2-fluoroalkyl benzoxazoles are also formed as minor products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007060050006
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relation of the Interlaminar Fracture Toughness and the Acoustic Emission (Ae) under the Enf Test (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recently, composite materials are used in many fields because their properties are highstrength, high stiffness, and they have light weight, good corrosion resistance and good thermalconductivity. However, composite materials have relatively a lot of problems, especiallydelamination, compared with common materials such as a steel and aluminum, etc. Therefore, havingthe interlaminar fracture toughness for a laminate composite is important. In this study, the endnotched flexure (ENF) specimens are employed in order to evaluate modeⅡ interlaminar fracturetoughness for CFRP laminate composites. Three kinds of a/L ratio were applied to these specimensunder the different pressure level. Also, we discuss the relation of crack growth and the interlaminarfracture toughness in terms of AE characteristics using ENF test
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.279.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Potent Osteogenic Composite of Stem Cells – Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic Enhanced the Posterior Spinal Fusion (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess a high replicative capacity and have the capacity to differentiate into various connective tissue cell types. With the advance in cell culture technique, the BMSCs have been induced to differentiate to osteoblastics linage. To improve the situation of non-union in posterior spinal fusion (PSF), tissue engineering approach to combine BMSCs supported by the calcium phosphate ceramics was applied in PSF and its effectwas investigated in the present study. Autologous BMSCs from 16-week-old rabbit tibiae were expanded and induced to differentiate into osteoblastic cells with defined medium and osteogenic supplement. Calcium phosphate ceramic (CPC) was used as the scaffold to deliver the cells to the standardized rabbit posterior spinal fusion model. The assessment of bone mineral and fusion mass volume was conducted at week 7 post-operation with quantitative computed tomography andmicro-computed tomography. When compared with control, the composite of BMSCs with CPC enhanced the fusion mass volume by 40% (p〈0.05) and bone mineral content in the CPC was 7% (p=0.05) higher. Our study showed that additional BMSCs at the fusion site of PSF did provide extra resource for new bone formation and enhanced the fusion rate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.288-289.39.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic Field Analysis and Measurement for High Speed Attraction Type Magnetic Levitation Vehicle Systems (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 295-296 (Oct. 2005), p. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Research achievements in a high speed attraction type magnetic levitation vehicle experimental system are reported. The high speed attraction type magnetic levitation vehicle constitutes a typical long stator linear synchronous motor. The study on levitation and propulsive electromagnetic fields is of great importance and is studied. Owing to the influence of the stator grooves and the material discontinuousness, the magnetic field distribution is very complex to be analyzed in analytical forms. The magnetic fields in the air gap are determined using the finite element method. The levitation force and thrust produced by the levitation magnetic field and the propulsive magnetic field are calculated. They are found to vary following the change of the air gap and exciting current. A magnetic field strength measurement system based on a hall sensor is designed. Experimental results are compared with the results from the magnetic field analysis
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.295-296.655.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bio-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Composite Augmented Bone Regeneration in Posterior Spinal Fusion (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 334-335 (Mar. 2007), p. 1201-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Grafting of autologous iliac crest and decortication approach in posterior spinal fusionsurgery has been the “gold standard”. However, the limited source of autograft has promptedextensive research into bone substitute and biological enhancement of the fusion mass. In this study,the application of stem cell therapy by tissue engineering method was investigated to enhanceposterior spinal fusion with [removed info]-tricalcium phosphate ceramics in rabbit model. Rabbit bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells were aspirated from trochanter region of proximal femur. Themesenchymal stem cells were grown and directed to differentiate into osteogenic cells byosteogenic supplement (ascorbic acid, [removed info]-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone) in basal medium(10% FBS in DMEM). The osteogenic cells were seeded on tricalcium phosphate ceramics for oneday (MSC group, n=6). The cell-ceramics composite was implanted onto autologous L5 and L6transverse processes with decortication approach in posterior spinal fusion. The cell free ceramicsacts as control (Control group, n=6) and iliac crest autograft as positive control (Autograft group).The spinal segments were harvested at week 7 post-operation. Manual palpation was performedwith spinal segments to assess any movement of L5-L6 vertebral joint. The stiffness of the joint wasconsidered as solid fusion. The specimens then were fixed by formalin and transferred to 70%ethanol. The BMC and volume of fusion transverse processes of L5 and L6 was measured byperipheral quantitative computed tomography.In manual palpation, 50% solid fusion was found in MSC group, 60% in autograft group butnone in control group. Moreover, the BMC of L5 and L6 transverse processes in MSC group wasgreater than autograft and control group (45%, 40% respectively, p〈0.01). The volume of transverseprocesses in MSC group was greater than autograft by 45% (p〈0.01) and control group by 26%(p〈0.05). In conclusion, the mesenchymal stem cells derived osteogenic cells augmented spinalfusion and bone mineralization
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.334-335.1201.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eddy Current Testing Using a Model Based Measurement Method (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 295-296 (Oct. 2005), p. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: It is important to improve the reliability of the eddy current non-destructive testing. It is generally difficult to reduce the probability of non-detection and the number of false alarms same time. Model Based Measurement (MBM), including estimation of state, failure diagnosis and trend analysis, has excellent results on general estimation. Actual results of MBM vary with the application domain, mathematical model and data processing. The time series model is a description of system in time domain based on equivalent output. The Kalman filter is an efficient method for suppressing the disturbance and improving the state estimation. A new method, called as eddy current testing (ECT) using a model based measurement, is presented. Two time series models are used for the normal status and the abnormal status in ECT. The Kalman filter on these models is applied to give useful information for decision making. Results of the experiment on aluminum plates demonstrate that this method is useful to improve the detection reliability
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.295-296.667.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Pre-Treatment Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Undecorticated Posterior Spinal Fusion? (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 1137-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to maintain the osteogenicity ofbone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) in vitro. This study was to investigate whetherbFGF with osteogenic supplements could enhance bone formation of posterior spinal fusion. Rabbitbone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were selected by adherence on plastic culture-ware.The MSCs were exposed to dexamethasone with (bFGF group, n=6) or without bFGF (OS group,n=6). Treated cells of two groups were seeded on β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics for one day andthen implanted onto L5 and L6 transverse processes of the same animal in posterior spinal fusionwithout decortication. The ceramics acted as control (n=6). Three fluorochromes were injectedsequentially as tetracycline at week 2, xylenol orange at week 4 and calcein at week 6. The spinalsegments were harvested at week 7. The bone mineral content (BMC) and volume of transverseprocesses was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The specimens wereunderwent undecalcified histology. The mineralization process was examined by fluorescentmicroscopy. The BMC of transverse processes in OS group was 16% greater than bFGF and controlgroup significantly. The volume of transverse process in OS and bFGF group was significantlygreater than control group by 54% and 46% respectively. The volume of transverse processes in OSgroup was 6% greater than bFGF group though not statistically significant. In histology, newlyformed bone grew from two processes towards each other resulting in a relatively short gap distancein OS and bFGF group while less regenerated bone was observed in the control group. At themineralization front, calcein which was injected into animal at week 6, was predominately labeled inbFGF group. In OS group, both xylenol orange (at week 4) and calcein labeled were found. Inconclusion, mesenchymal stem cells pre-exposed to bFGF were not found to give additionalenhancement effect on bone formation in the posterior spinal fusion model
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.330-332.1137.pdf
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