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  • 1
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    A link between tropical intraseasonal variability and Arctic stratospheric ozone (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-09
    Description: [1]  Previous studies using satellite measurements showed evidence that subtropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere ozone (O 3 ) can be modulated by tropical intraseasonal variability, the most dominant form of which is the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) with a period of 30–60 days. Here we further study the MJO modulation in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere O 3 over the northern extratropics and the Arctic. Significant MJO-related O 3 signals (13–20 Dobson units) are found over the northern extratropics (north of 30°N). The O 3 anomalies change their magnitude and patterns depending on the phase of the MJO. Over the Arctic, the MJO-related O 3 anomalies are dominated by a wavenumber-2 structure and are anticorrelated with the geopotential height (GPH) anomalies at 250 hPa. The latter is similar to the findings in the previous studies over subtropics and indicates that the Arctic upper troposphere/lower stratosphere O 3 anomalies are associated with dynamical motions near the tropopause. The teleconnection from the tropics to the Arctic is likely through propagation of planetary waves generated by the equatorial heating that affects the tropopause height and O 3 at high latitudes.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    XCO2 retrieval error over deserts near critical surface albedo (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-05
    Description: Large retrieval errors in column-weighted CO 2 mixing ratio (X CO2 ) over deserts are evident in the OCO-2 version 7L2 products. We argue that these errors are caused by the surface albedo being close to a critical surface albedo (α c ). Over a surface with albedo close to α c , increasing the aerosol optical depth (AOD) does not change the continuum radiance. The spectral signature caused by changing the AOD is identical to that caused by changing the absorbing gas column. The degeneracy in the retrievals of AOD and X CO2 results in a loss of degrees of freedom and information content. We employ a two-stream-exact single scattering (2S-ESS) radiative transfer model to study the physical mechanism of X CO2 retrieval error over a surface with albedo close to α c . Based on retrieval tests over surfaces with different albedos, we conclude that over a surface with albedo close to α c, the X CO2 retrieval suffers from a significant loss of accuracy. We recommend a bias-correction approach that has significantly improved the X CO2 retrieval from the California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CLARS) data in the presence of aerosol loading. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 2333-5084
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Ice nucleation by aerosols from anthropogenic pollution (2019)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    A dichotomy between model responses of tropical ascent and descent to surface warming (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    First Evidence of Middle Atmospheric HO2 Response to 27-day Solar Cycles From Satellite Observations (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-16
    Description: HO 2 and OH, also known as HO x , play an important role in controlling middle atmospheric O 3 . Due to their photochemical production and short chemical lifetimes, HO x are expected to respond rapidly to solar irradiance changes, resulting in O 3 variability. While OH solar cycle signals have been investigated, HO 2 studies have been limited by the lack of reliable observations. Here we present the first evidence of HO 2 variability during solar 27-day cycles by investigating the recently developed HO 2 data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). We focus on 2012-2015, when solar variability is strong near the peak of Solar Cycle 24. The features of HO 2 variability, with the strongest signals at 0.01-0.068 hPa, correlate well with those of solar Lyman-α. When continuous MLS OH observations are not available, the new HO 2 data could be a promising alternative for investigating HO x variability and the corresponding impacts on O 3 and the climate.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: Article Aerosols play an important role in Earth’s radiative balance, but their influence on the climate of giant planets is unclear. Here, the authors show that gases alone cannot maintain the energy balance in the middle atmosphere of Jupiter, instead proposing that an aerosol layer dominates radiative heating. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10231 Authors: Xi Zhang, Robert A. West, Patrick G. J. Irwin, Conor A. Nixon, Yuk L. Yung
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Information-rich spectral channels for simulated retrievals of partial column-averaged methane (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Space-based remote sensing of the column-averaged methane dry air mole fraction (XCH 4 ) has greatly increased our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns in the global methane cycle. The potential to retrieve multiple pieces of vertical profile information would further improve the quantification of CH 4 across space-time scales. We conduct information analysis for channel selection and evaluate the prospects of retrieving multiple pieces of information as well as total column CH 4 from both ground-based and space-based near-infrared remote sensing spectra. We analyze the Degrees of Freedom of signal ( DOF ) in the CH 4 absorption bands near 2.3 μ m and 1.6 μ m and select ∼1% of the channels that contain 〉95% of the information about the CH 4 profile. The DOF is around 4 for fine ground-based spectra (resolution = 0.01 cm −1 ) and 3 for coarse space-based spectra (resolution = 0.20 cm −1 ) based on channel selection and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 300. The DOF varies from 2.2 to 3.2 when SNR is between 100 and 300 and spectral resolution is 0.20 cm −1 . Simulated retrieval tests in clear-sky conditions using the selected channels reveal that the retrieved partial column-averaged CH 4 values are not sensitive to the a priori profiles and can reflect local enhancements of CH 4 in different partial air columns. Both the total and partial column-averaged retrieval errors in all tests are within 1% of the true state. These simulated tests highlight the possibility to retrieve up to 3 to 4 pieces of information about the vertical distribution of CH 4 in reality.
    Electronic ISSN: 2333-5084
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Accounting for Aerosol Scattering in the CLARS Retrieval of Column Averaged CO2 Mixing Ratios (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-06
    Description: The California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Fourier Transform Spectrometer (CLARS-FTS) deployed at Mt. Wilson, California has been measuring column abundances of greenhouse gases in the Los Angeles (LA) basin in the near-infrared spectral region since August 2011. CLARS-FTS measures reflected sunlight and has high sensitivity to absorption and scattering in the boundary layer. In this study, we estimate the retrieval biases caused by aerosol scattering and present a fast and accurate approach to correct for the bias in the CLARS column averaged CO 2 mixing ratio product, X CO2 . The high spectral resolution of 0.06 cm -1 is exploited to reveal the physical mechanism for the bias. We employ a numerical radiative transfer model to simulate the impact of neglecting aerosol scattering on the CO 2 and O 2 slant column densities (SCDs) operationally retrieved from CLARS-FTS measurements. These simulations show that the CLARS-FTS operational retrieval algorithm likely underestimates CO 2 and O 2 abundances over the LA basin in scenes with moderate aerosol loading. The bias in the CO 2 and O 2 abundances due to neglecting aerosol scattering cannot be canceled by ratioing each other in the derivation of the operational product of X CO2 . We propose a new method for approximately correcting the aerosol-induced bias. Results for CLARS X CO2 are compared to direct-sun X CO2 retrievals from a nearby Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) station. The bias-correction approach significantly improves the correlation between the X CO2 retrieved from CLARS and TCCON, demonstrating that this approach can increase the yield of useful data from CLARS-FTS in the presence of moderate aerosol loading.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    CO2 Annual and Semiannual Cycles From Multiple Satellite Retrievals and Models (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Satellite CO 2 retrievals from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and in-situ measurements from the Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA-ESRL) Surface CO 2 and Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) are utilized to explore the CO 2 variability at different altitudes. A multiple regression method is used to calculate the CO 2 annual cycle and semiannual cycle amplitudes from different data sets. The CO 2 annual cycle and semiannual cycle amplitudes for GOSAT X CO2 and TCCON X CO2 are consistent, but smaller than those seen in the NOAA-ESRL surface data. The CO 2 annual and semiannual cycles are smallest in the AIRS mid-tropospheric CO 2 compared with other data sets in the northern hemisphere. The amplitudes for the CO 2 annual cycle and semiannual cycle from GOSAT, TES, and AIRS CO 2 are small and comparable to each other in the southern hemisphere. Similar regression analysis is applied to the Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers-2 (MOZART-2) and CarbonTracker model CO 2 . The convolved model CO 2 annual cycle and semiannual cycle amplitudes are similar to those from the satellite CO 2 retrievals, although the models tend to underestimate the CO 2 seasonal cycle amplitudes in the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes and underestimate the CO 2 semi-annual cycle amplitudes in the high latitudes. These results can be used to better understand the vertical structures for the CO 2 annual cycle and semiannual cycle and help identify deficiencies in the models, which are very important for the carbon budget study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 2333-5084
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Tracing the fate of carbon and the atmospheric evolution of Mars (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Article Mars likely evolved from a warmer, wetter early state to the cold, arid current climate, but this evolution is not reflected in recent observations and measurements. Here, the authors derive quantitative constraints on the atmospheric pressure through time, identifying a mechanism that explains the carbon data. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10003 Authors: Renyu Hu, David M. Kass, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Yuk L. Yung
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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