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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal on document analysis and recognition 1 (1998), S. 167-174 
    ISSN: 1433-2825
    Keywords: Key words:Map image processing – Segmentation – Land use maps – Clustering – Filtering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. One important step in the analysis of digitized land use map images is the separation of the information in layers. In this paper we present a technique called Selective Attention Filter which is able to extract or enhance some features of the image that correspond to conceptual layers in the map by extracting information from results of clustering of local regions on the map. Different parameters can be used to extract or enhance different information on the image. Details on the algorithm, examples of application of the filter and results are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 1285-1293 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Conformanational energies of various oligo (oxyethylene) isomers were calculated by the empirical force field method, and statistical mechanics calculations of the chain dimensions and the dipole moments were carried out. The results are seriously different from those obtained for poly (oxymethylene). Although the first-order steric interactions in POE are of the same order of magnitude as those in n-alkane chains, the second-order interactions are significantly different. The second-order interactions arising from rotations around two consecutive bonds of OCH2CH2OCH2 in g± g∓ conformation have greatly reduced steric repulsions. It was found that the reduced second-order interaction plays an important role in the configurationdependent properties of POE. The agreement of the calculated values for the unperturbed dimensions and the temperature coefficients obtained from the force field method with experimentally observed ones is fairly good.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 1515-1523 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conformational energies for the various rotational isomers of model compounds for poly(oxytrimethylene), POM3, and poly(oxytetramethylene), POM4, were calculated by means of the empirical force field method, and statistical mechanics calculations were made for the configuration-dependent properties of POM3 and POM4. Although the dipole moment ratios of these polymers directly calculated from the results of the force field calculations agreed well with the observed ones, the estimated characteristic ratios did not agree with the observed ones. When the two geometric parameters of POM3 were changed, excellent agreement between the experimental values and the estimated ones was obtained. In case of POM4, when only geometric parameters were changed, the agreement was less satisfactory. The value for the interaction energy Eσ, which is directly derived from the result of the force field calculation for the model compound of POM4, seems to be overestimated because of a fault minimum. The value for the interaction energy Eσ is estimated to be the same as for POM3. Moreover, when the four geometric parameters were changed, the estimated values agreed well with the experimental ones. The direct use of the results of the force field calculations is not always satisfactory, but the parameters obtained are a good initial set of parameters to reproduce the observed configuration-dependent properties.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-10-27
    Description: Currently, most middleware application developers have two choices when designing or implementing Application Programming Interface (API) services; i.e., they can either stick with Representational State Transfer (REST) or explore the emerging GraphQL technology. Although REST is widely regarded as the standard method for API development, GraphQL is believed to be revolutionary in overcoming the main drawbacks of REST, especially data-fetching issues. Nevertheless, doubts still remain, as there are no investigations with convincing results in evaluating the performance of the two services. This paper proposes a new research methodology to evaluate the performance of REST and GraphQL API services with two main ideas as novelties. The first novel method is the evaluation of the two services is performed on the real ongoing operation of the management information system, where massive and intensive query transactions take place on a complex database with many relationships. The second is the fair and independent performance evaluation results obtained by distributing client requests and synchronizing the service responses on the two virtually separated parallel execution paths for each API service, respectively. The performance evaluation was investigated using basic measures of QoS (Quality of Services), i.e., response time, throughput, CPU load, and memory usage. We use the term efficiency in comparing the evaluation results to capture differences in their performance measures. The statistical hypothesis parameters test using the two-tails paired t-test, and boxplot visualization was also given to confirm the significance of the comparison results. The results showed REST is still faster up to 50.50% in response time and 37.16% for throughput, while GraphQL is very efficient in resource utilization, i.e., 37.26% for CPU load and 39.74% for memory utilization. Therefore, GraphQL is the right choice when data requirements change frequently, and resource utilization is the most important consideration. REST is used when some data are frequently accessed and called by multiple requests.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-431X
    Topics: Computer Science
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