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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 1681-1688 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser photodetachment studies have been performed on silver and copper cluster negative ion beams extracted from a supersonic metal cluster source. This source involves the use of laser vaporization within a pulsed nozzle to prepare the neutral cluster jet, followed by ArF excimer irradiation of the nozzle orifice as the copper clusters emerge into the expansion. Photoelectrons ejected from the aluminum nozzle by the excimer radiation are entrained in the supersonic flow and attach to the neutral copper clusters, producing negative ions which stabilize and extensively cool in the subsequent supersonic expansion. Laser photolysis of mass-selected negative copper cluster ions extracted from this source reveals efficient photodetachment to produce a free electron in the absence of measurable fragmentation. The laser fluence dependence of the photodetachment process at different photon energy permits a rough experimental determination of the electron affinities of copper metal clusters as a function of cluster size for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 5377-5382 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a new magnetically focused time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer, the ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) of mass-selected negative copper clusters have been measured at photon energy of 4.66 eV for all clusters in the range from 6 through 41 copper atoms. These UPS data provide the first detailed probe of the 4s valence band structure of such medium size negative copper clusters, and extend previous approximate measures of the electron affinity of the corresponding neutral species. The results are in accord with the predictions of the ellipsoidal shell model for monovalent metal clusters. In particular, clusters 8, 20, and 40 (which correspond to spherical shell closings in this simple model) are found to have unusually low electron affinities and large HOMO–LUMO gaps. Subshell closings at 14 and 34 also appear special in this new UPS data.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 2131-2137 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Design considerations and initial results are presented for a new type of time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer which is particularly suited to the study of cold metal and semiconductor cluster anions prepared in a supersonic molecular beam. The desired cluster is extracted from the molecular beam, mass-selected after an initial time-of-flight, and decelerated as it enters the photoelectron spectrometer. Photoelectrons ejected from the cluster by an ArF excimer laser are collected with 〉98% efficiency in an intense pulsed magnetic field of carefully controlled divergence. This divergent field parallelizes the photoelectron trajectories and maps smoothly onto a low, uniform magnetic field which guides the electrons along a 234-cm flight tube leading to a microchannel-plate detector. The strong magnetic fields and simple, open design provide excellent rejection of stray photoelectrons in a clean, ultrahigh-vacuum environment. The UPS spectrum of Si20− is given as an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 4637-4644 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 52 (1987), S. 691-694 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 79 (1993), S. 651-654 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 53 (1985), S. 993-995 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 161 (1948), S. 1012-1013 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN studies on the nature and distribution of the ‘sweat’ glands of Ayrshire cows, shortly to be published in detail elsewhere, a close relationship has been found between the distribution of blood capillaries and hair follicles. Other workers1'3 have been concerned with all or some of the ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Hybrid vigor ; Molecular marker ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hybrid rice has contributed significantly to the dramatic increase of rice production in the world. Despite this, little attention has been given to studying the genetic basis of heterosis in rice. In this paper, we report a diallel analysis of heterosis using two classes of molecular markers: restriction fragment length polymorphisms, (RFLPs) and microsatellites. Eight lines, which represent a significant portion of hybrid rice germ plasm, were crossed in all possible pairs, and the F1s were evaluated for yield and yield component traits in a replicated field trial. The parental lines were surveyed for polymorphisms with 117 RFLP probes and ten microsatellites, resulting in a total of 76 polymorphic markers well-spaced in the rice RFLP map. The results indicated that high level heterosis is common among these crosses: more than 100% midparent and 40% better-parent heterosis were observed in many F1s, including some crosses between maintainer lines. Heterosis was found to be much higher for yield than for yield component traits, which fits a multiplicative model almost perfectly. Between 16 and 30 marker loci (positive markers) detected highly significant effects on yield or its component traits. Heterozygosity was significantly correlated with several attributes of performance and heterosis. Correlations based on positive markers (specific heterozygosity) were large for midparent heterosis of yield and seeds/panicle and also for F1 kernel weight. These large correlations may have practical utility for predicting heterosis.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary We consider the problem of thermal conduction for an unbounded medium containing two ellipsoidal inhomogeneities subjected to a remote homogeneous boundary condition of temperature. The constituents are anisotropic and the ellipsoids could be at arbitrary orientations. In the formulation we first introduce some appropriate transformations into the heterogeneous medium and transform the problem into an isotropic matrix consisting of two analogous ellipsoidal inhomogeneities. Next, we replace the effect of inhomogeneities by some polynomial types of equivalent eigen-intensities by the concept of equivalent inclusion. These procedures allow us to write the local fields in terms of harmonic potentials and their derivatives. Numerical results show that linear approximations of eigen-fields yield accurate results in comparison with existing solutions by Honein et al. [2] for moderately separated inhomogeneities. Solutions of this type are used to estimate the overall thermal conductivity of composites with periodic microstructure. Finally, we present results for composites consisting of spherical inclusions with body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered orthorhombic, and face-centered orthorhombic arrays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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