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  • 1
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    Dressing living organisms in a thin polymer membrane, the NanoSuit, for high-vacuum FE-SEM observation (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-03
    Description: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has made remarkable progress and has become an essential tool for observing biological materials at microscopic level. However, various complex procedures have precluded observation of living organisms to date. Here, a new method is presented by which living organisms can be observed by field emission (FE)-SEM. Using this method, active movements of living animals were observed in vacuo (10 –5 –10 –7 Pa) by protecting them with a coating of thin polymer membrane, a NanoSuit, and it was found that the surface fine structure of living organisms is very different from that of traditionally fixed samples. After observation of mosquito larvae in the high vacuum of the FE-SEM, it was possible to rear them subsequently in normal culture conditions. This method will be useful for numerous applications, particularly for electron microscopic observations in the life sciences.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 2
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    Identification of UBIAD1 as a novel human menaquinone-4 biosynthetic enzyme (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-19
    Description: Vitamin K occurs in the natural world in several forms, including a plant form, phylloquinone (PK), and a bacterial form, menaquinones (MKs). In many species, including humans, PK is a minor constituent of hepatic vitamin K content, with most hepatic vitamin K content comprising long-chain MKs. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is ubiquitously present in extrahepatic tissues, with particularly high concentrations in the brain, kidney and pancreas of humans and rats. It has consistently been shown that PK is endogenously converted to MK-4 (refs 4-8). This occurs either directly within certain tissues or by interconversion to menadione (K(3)), followed by prenylation to MK-4 (refs 9-12). No previous study has sought to identify the human enzyme responsible for MK-4 biosynthesis. Previously we provided evidence for the conversion of PK and K(3) into MK-4 in mouse cerebra. However, the molecular mechanisms for these conversion reactions are unclear. Here we identify a human MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme. We screened the human genome database for prenylation enzymes and found UbiA prenyltransferase containing 1 (UBIAD1), a human homologue of Escherichia coli prenyltransferase menA. We found that short interfering RNA against the UBIAD1 gene inhibited the conversion of deuterium-labelled vitamin K derivatives into deuterium-labelled-MK-4 (MK-4-d(7)) in human cells. We confirmed that the UBIAD1 gene encodes an MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme through its expression and conversion of deuterium-labelled vitamin K derivatives into MK-4-d(7) in insect cells infected with UBIAD1 baculovirus. Converted MK-4-d(7) was chemically identified by (2)H-NMR analysis. MK-4 biosynthesis by UBIAD1 was not affected by the vitamin K antagonist warfarin. UBIAD1 was localized in endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitously expressed in several tissues of mice. Our results show that UBIAD1 is a human MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme; this identification will permit more effective decisions to be made about vitamin K intake and bone health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakagawa, Kimie -- Hirota, Yoshihisa -- Sawada, Natsumi -- Yuge, Naohito -- Watanabe, Masato -- Uchino, Yuri -- Okuda, Naoko -- Shimomura, Yuka -- Suhara, Yoshitomo -- Okano, Toshio -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):117-21. doi: 10.1038/nature09464. Epub 2010 Oct 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20953171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Baculoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dimethylallyltranstransferase ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Spodoptera/cytology/virology ; Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Vitamin K 1/metabolism ; Vitamin K 2/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Warfarin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    APCDD1 is a novel Wnt inhibitor mutated in hereditary hypotrichosis simplex (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: Hereditary hypotrichosis simplex is a rare autosomal dominant form of hair loss characterized by hair follicle miniaturization. Using genetic linkage analysis, we mapped a new locus for the disease to chromosome 18p11.22, and identified a mutation (Leu9Arg) in the adenomatosis polyposis down-regulated 1 (APCDD1) gene in three families. We show that APCDD1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that is abundantly expressed in human hair follicles, and can interact in vitro with WNT3A and LRP5-two essential components of Wnt signalling. Functional studies show that APCDD1 inhibits Wnt signalling in a cell-autonomous manner and functions upstream of beta-catenin. Moreover, APCDD1 represses activation of Wnt reporters and target genes, and inhibits the biological effects of Wnt signalling during both the generation of neurons from progenitors in the developing chick nervous system, and axis specification in Xenopus laevis embryos. The mutation Leu9Arg is located in the signal peptide of APCDD1, and perturbs its translational processing from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. APCDD1(L9R) probably functions in a dominant-negative manner to inhibit the stability and membrane localization of the wild-type protein. These findings describe a novel inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway with an essential role in human hair growth. As APCDD1 is expressed in a broad repertoire of cell types, our findings indicate that APCDD1 may regulate a diversity of biological processes controlled by Wnt signalling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimomura, Yutaka -- Agalliu, Dritan -- Vonica, Alin -- Luria, Victor -- Wajid, Muhammad -- Baumer, Alessandra -- Belli, Serena -- Petukhova, Lynn -- Schinzel, Albert -- Brivanlou, Ali H -- Barres, Ben A -- Christiano, Angela M -- R01 AR044924/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044924-10/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD032105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01AR44924/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R03 HD057334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R03 HD057334-01A2/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R03HD057334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1043-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08875.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, VC15 204A, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Chick Embryo ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics ; Genes, Dominant/genetics ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Hair/growth & development/metabolism ; Hair Follicle/growth & development/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Hypotrichosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Point Mutation/*genetics ; Scalp ; Signal Transduction ; Skin ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/embryology/genetics/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Study about forest management planning by CSR activities: a case study of the Kishiwada Hilly Development District in Japan (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-18
    Description: The objective of this study was to clarify the method of forest activities of CSR for collaboration between companies and local communities, focusing on the Kishiwada Hilly Development district in Japan. The research method is mesh analysis by GIS, a questionnaire, interviews and a field survey. First, this area was subdivided as divided into 2625 meshes, and each of the meshes was evaluated via the natural conservation importance index and recreational usability index. Second, we examined the zoning estimation method based on spatial characteristics and the difference in human activities. Third, we identified the beliefs and challenges for CSR forest activities by the four companies participating in forest activities in the study area. The result was, first, bamboo forest accounts for 26.2%, such as forests without administrators. Second, suitable forests for recreation totalled 52.3%, occupies a majority of the land. Third, the purpose of participation in corporate forest-maki...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most highly prevalent human autoimmune diseases, leading to disfiguring hair loss due to the collapse of immune privilege of the hair follicle and subsequent autoimmune attack. The genetic basis of AA is largely unknown. We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of 1,054 cases and 3,278 controls and identified 139 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are significantly associated with AA (P 〈or= 5 x 10(-7)). Here we show an association with genomic regions containing several genes controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), interleukin (IL)-2/IL-21, IL-2 receptor A (IL-2RA; CD25) and Eos (also known as Ikaros family zinc finger 4; IKZF4), as well as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. We also find association evidence for regions containing genes expressed in the hair follicle itself (PRDX5 and STX17). A region of strong association resides within the ULBP (cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein) gene cluster on chromosome 6q25.1, encoding activating ligands of the natural killer cell receptor NKG2D that have not previously been implicated in an autoimmune disease. By probing the role of ULBP3 in disease pathogenesis, we also show that its expression in lesional scalp from patients with AA is markedly upregulated in the hair follicle dermal sheath during active disease. This study provides evidence for the involvement of both innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of AA. We have defined the genetic underpinnings of AA, placing it within the context of shared pathways among autoimmune diseases, and implicating a novel disease mechanism, the upregulation of ULBP ligands, in triggering autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petukhova, Lynn -- Duvic, Madeleine -- Hordinsky, Maria -- Norris, David -- Price, Vera -- Shimomura, Yutaka -- Kim, Hyunmi -- Singh, Pallavi -- Lee, Annette -- Chen, Wei V -- Meyer, Katja C -- Paus, Ralf -- Jahoda, Colin A B -- Amos, Christopher I -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Christiano, Angela M -- P30CA016772/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056016/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056016-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR44422/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR52579/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR56016/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA133996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):113-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity/*genetics/immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Alopecia Areata/*genetics/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hair Follicle/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Ikaros Transcription Factor/genetics ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics/immunology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology ; Peroxiredoxins/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Qa-SNARE Proteins/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Thin polymer membrane preserves life in high vacuo [Applied Biological Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-08
    Description: Most multicellular organisms can only survive under atmospheric pressure. The reduced pressure of a high vacuum usually leads to rapid dehydration and death. Here we show that a simple surface modification can render multicellular organisms strongly tolerant to high vacuum. Animals that collapsed under high vacuum continued to move following...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of thermal noise on the characteristics of a high Tc superconducting quantum interference device (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7929-7934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of thermal noise on the characteristics of the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) have been studied. Numerical simulation on the SQUID characteristics operating at T=77 K has been performed by taking into account the thermal noise. It is shown that the voltage versus flux relation of the dc SQUID is degraded considerably with the thermal noise. The degradation becomes significant when the inductance of the SQUID increases. Due to this degradation, there exists significant limitation for the range of the inductance available at T=77 K, unlike the case at T=4.2 K. The maximum inductance should be around 200 pH in order to avoid significant degradation of the transfer function. This limited value of the inductance must be taken into account when we realize the SQUID coupled to an input coil. The analytical expression for the degradation of the transfer function due to the thermal noise is also obtained. The theoretical result explains experimental results reported recently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353946
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overview of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) engineering design activitiesf| (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1612-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1988), ITER Documentation Series, No. 1] project is a multiphased project, presently proceeding under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency according to the terms of a four-party agreement among the European Atomic Energy Community (EC), the Government of Japan (JA), the Government of the Russian Federation (RF), and the Government of the United States (US), "the Parties.'' The ITER project is based on the tokamak, a Russian invention, and has since been brought to a high level of development in all major fusion programs in the world. The objective of ITER is to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy for peaceful purposes. The ITER design is being developed, with support from the Parties' four Home Teams and is in progress by the Joint Central Team. An overview of ITER Design activities is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870662
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemical identification of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase kinase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 288 (1991), S. 95-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Anti-kinase antibody ; Branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex ; Branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase kinase ; Low-protein fed rat ; Rat heart ; Rat liver
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(91)81010-6
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope observations on nickel oxide whiskers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 28 (1975), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(75)90074-3
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