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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A laser-induced fluorescence determination of the complete internal state distribution of OH produced in the reaction: H+NO2→OH+NO (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 3177-3186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra have been recorded of OH radicals produced when H atoms and NO2 react in thermal energy collisions in the region where two uncollimated beams containing the reagents intersect. Spectra of the (0,0) and (1,1), (0,1) and (1,2), and (0,2) and (1,3) bands of the A 2Σ+−X 2Π system have been observed. Distributions of OH over the whole energetically accessible range of rovibrational levels have been determined using surprisal analysis to deduce complete rotational distributions from the observed distributions over high rotational levels (N≥10). Both the vibration and rotation of OH are more excited than expected on a purely statistical basis, the average fractional yields of energy being 〈fvib〉OH=0.23 and 〈frot〉 OH=0.29. Mild preferences are also found for the lower 2Π3/2 spin–orbit component and for the Π(A') Λ-doublet levels. The last finding is consistent with reaction via a short-lived HONO complex with some consequent constraint to planarity. The paper immediately following this one describes experiments on the energy disposal into the NO product of the H+NO2 reaction and the collision dynamics of this radical-radical reaction are discussed in that paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458850
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-climatic variations in the oxygen isotopic compositions of plants (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The 18O content of leaf water strongly influences the 18O contents of atmospheric CO2 and O2. The 18O signatures of these atmospheric gases, in turn, emerge as important indicators of large-scale gas exchange processes. Better understanding of the factors that influence the isotopic composition of leaf water is still required, however, for the quantitative utilization of these tracers. The 18O enrichment of leaf water relative to local meteoric water, is known to reflect climatic conditions. Less is known about the extent variations in the 18O content of leaf water are influenced by nonclimatic, species-specific characteristics. In a collection of 90 plant species from all continents grown under the same climatic conditions in the Jerusalem Botanical Garden we observed variations of about 9‰ in the δ18O values of stem water, δs, and of about 14‰ in the mid-day δ18O enrichment of bulk leaf water, δLW–δs. Differences between δ18O values predicted by a conventional evaporation model, δM, and δLW ranged between – 3.3‰ and + 11.8‰. The δ18O values of water in the chloroplasts (δch) in leaves of 10 selected plants were estimated from on-line CO2 discrimination measurements. Although much uncertainty is still involved in these estimates, the results indicated that δch can significantly deviate from δM in species with high leaf peclet number. The δ18O values of bulk leaf water significantly correlated with δ18O values of leaf cellulose (directly) and with instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E, inversely). Differences in isotopic characteristics among conventionally defined vegetation types were not significant, except for conifers that significantly differed from shrubs in δ18O and δ13C values of cellulose and in their peclet numbers, and from deciduous woodland species in their δ18O and δ13C values of cellulose. The results indicated that predictions of the δ18O values of leaf water (δLW, δM and δch) could be improved by considering plant species-specific characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00197.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Channel- and layer-type anionic host structures in inclusion compounds of urea, tetraalkylammonium terephthalate/trimesate and water (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 142-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: New crystalline adducts of tetraalkylammonium terephthalate/trimesate with urea and water molecules result from hydrogen-bond directed assembly of complementary acceptors and donors, and the anionic host lattices are described using the graph-set notation to identify distinct hydrogen-bonding motifs and patterns. Tetra-n-butylammonium terephthalate–urea–water (1/6/2), C46H104N14O12 (1), triclinic, space group P1¯, a = 8.390 (2), b = 9.894 (2), c = 18.908 (3) Å, α = 105.06 (2), β = 94.91 (1), γ = 93.82 (2)°, Z = 1, is composed of hydrogen-bonded terephthalate–urea layers, which are intersected by urea layers to generate a three-dimensional network containing large channels for accommodation of the cations. Tetraethylammonium terephthalate–urea–water (1/1/5), C25H58N4O10 (2), triclinic, P1¯, a = 9.432 (1), b = 12.601 (1), c = 14.804 (1) Å, α = 79.98 (1), β = 79.20 (1), γ = 84.18 (1)°, Z = 2, has cations sandwiched between hydrogen-bonded anionic layers. Tetraethylammonium trimesate–urea–water (1/2/7.5), C35H86N7O15.5 (3), triclinic, P1¯, a = 13.250 (1), b = 14.034 (1), c = 15.260 (1) Å, α = 72.46 (1), β = 78.32 (1), γ = 66.95 (1)°, Z = 2, manifests a layer-type structure analogous to that of (2). Tetra-n-propylammonium hydrogen trimesate–urea–water (1/2/5), C35H78N6O13 (4), orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 16.467 (3), b = 33.109 (6), c = 8.344 (1) Å, Z = 4, features hydrogen trimesate helices in a three-dimensional host architecture containing nanoscale channels each filled by a double column of cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768199011283
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structures of [18]aneN6H2K[Co(CN)6].4H2O, [16]aneN4H2K[Co(CN)6] and [12]aneN4H3[Co(CN)6].2H2O. Insight into the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interaction in self-assembling supercomplexes (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structures of [18]aneN6H2K[Co(CN)6].4H2O [potassium dihydrogen hexacyanocobaltate–1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane–water (1/1/4)], [16]aneN4H2K[Co(CN)6] [potassium dihydrogen hexacyanocobaltate–1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadecane (1/1)] and [12]aneN4H3[Co(CN)6].2H2O [trihydrogen hexacyanocobaltate–1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane–water (1/1/2)] have been determined. For these supercomplexes, the [Co(CN)6]3− binding with protonated polyammonium macrocycles is dominant in the binding competition between K+ and [Co(CN)6]3−. It is suggested that the binding of [Co(CN)6]3− with protonated polyammonium macrocycles is independent of the cavity size of the macrocycle, whereas that of K+ is size-match selective. For [18]aneN6H2K[Co(CN)6].4H2O, the formation of a two-dimensional lamella may be derived from a chain-like arrangement of four-, five- and eight-membered rings in the network through the mutual balance between electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. [16]aneN4H2K[Co(CN)6] is a novel example demonstrating the anchoring of cobalticyanide through hydrogen-bonding interactions inside a zeolite-type cavity in the three-dimensional network formed by K+ and the macrocycles through Coulombic interactions. Also, a three-dimensional network was formed mainly through hydrogen-bonding interactions between [Co(CN)6]3−, protonated macrocycles and water molecules in [12]aneN4H3[Co(CN)6].2H2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768198014281
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamically updating UIDB to implement personalized service (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 33 (2004), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: User interests in electronic commerce reflect the behavior set of users acting on certain impulse. Electronic commerce web stations (ECWS) might make full use of intelligent IT to create and refine user interests database (UIDB) to make services personalized. In this paper, the issues about how to implement such kind of services are investigated, the concepts of user interests and their transitions are defined; the structure of UIDB and how to create it are explored, and the analysis and mining of the data in server log files to help dynamically updating UIDB are discussed in detail. Then, ECWS can actively recommend suitable series of pre-sent web pages for different users and flexibly deal with transitions of users' interests. The dynamic structure may make the system perfect after a period of use to help ECWS to offer their users with personalized service.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684920410514210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Dicing Blade Using Light-Hardening Resin (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 202-203 (June 2001), p. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/45/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.202-203.99.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fractal Distribution of SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Particles and Its Effect on the Tensile Strength of Photosensitive Resin Dicing Blade (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 259-260 (Mar. 2004), p. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/47/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.259-260.59.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage and Fracture Behavior of Cancellous Bone in the Femoral Head (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 33-37 (Mar. 2008), p. 1043-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fracture is an important failure behavior of cancellous bone. Three-point-bendingexperiment was used to study fracture behavior of cancellous bone. Three group specimens weretaken from two human femoral head and there was a non-angled crack and an angled crack in everygroup respectively. By using Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM), the displacement andstrain field were obtained at the crack-tip and the full specimen. The initial crack path was always atthe maximal strain location and could be predicted by the DSCM. In the macro-scope, the crackpropagation paths towards the load tip, and are independent of the initial crack angle
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.33-37.1043.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Study on K-Dominance of Static Crack Tip in Functionally Gradient Materials (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 348-349 (Sept. 2007), p. 789-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, coherent gradient sensing (CGS) and digital speckle correlation method(DSCM) are introduced to study the K-dominance of static crack tip in functionally gradientmaterials (FGMs) with a crack oriented along the direction of the elastic gradient. And thenumerical simulation is analyzed through finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the CGS andDSCM equations at the mode-I static crack tip of FGMs are developed, which can be used tocalculate the stress intensity factors of FGMs. Secondly, three kinds of FGMs specimens withdifferent variation of the modulus are prepared to observe the influences of the property variationon the K-dominance. Then three-point-bending experiments are carried out. The interference fringepictures of CGS and the speckle patterns for DSCM on the specimens are shot through the camera.Thirdly, based on the results of the experiments, the stress intensity factors of three kinds of FGMsspecimens are calculated by CGS and DSCM. Meanwhile, the stress intensity factors are obtainedby FEM. Finally, comparing the results from CGS, DSCM and FEM, the K-dominance of mode-Istatic crack tip in FGMs is discussed in detail. It is found that the K-dominance of FGMs andhomogenous material is almost same when the gradient index in FGMs is relatively small
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.348-349.789.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crack-Tip Stress Fields in FGMs under Anti-Plane Shear Impact Loading Using theNon-Local Theory (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 348-349 (Sept. 2007), p. 821-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A crack in an infinite plate of functionally graded materials (FGMs) under anti-planeshear impact loading is analyzed by making use of non-local theory. The shear modulus and massdensity of FGMs are assumed to be of exponential form and the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to beconstant. The mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a pair dual integral equations throughthe use of Laplace and Fourier integral transform method. In solving the dual integral equations, thecrack surface displacement is expanded in a series using Jacobi’s polynomials and Schmidt’smethod is used. The numerical results show that no stress singularity is present at the crack tip. Thestress near the crack tip tends to increase with time at first and then decreases in amplitude and thepeak values of stress decreases with increasing the graded parameters
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.348-349.821.pdf
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