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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beautiful China: 70 Years Since 1949 and 70 People’s Views on Eco-civilization Construction (2021)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Environmental Law. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Environmental Management. ; Environmental Law. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: The basic courses of 70 years of ecological civilization construction since the founding of the PRC in 1949 -- The study of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization -- Green development and ecological industry system -- Basic theory of ecological civilization and ecological cultural system -- The system reform of ecological civilization and ecological civilization system -- Global ecological civilization construction and ecological security system.
    Abstract: This book discusses and studies the basic course of ecological civilization construction in the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China and summarizes the experience and lessons. It contains 75 articles from 75 top experts and government officials in the field of ecological civilization policy-making and basic theory research in China, including Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, ecological culture, green industry economy, environmental quality, legal system, ecological security and so on, so as to provide reference for understanding and studying the progress of ecological environment protection since the founding of China. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVII, 781 p. 2 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789813367425
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6742-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6742-5
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale automatic extraction of an English-Chinese translation lexicon (1994)
    Springer
    Machine translation 9 (1994), S. 285-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0573
    Keywords: lexical acquisition ; translation lexicon ; parallel corpus ; statistical and corpus-based NLP ; English-Chinese machine translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We report experimental results on automatic extraction of an English-Chinese translation lexicon, by statistical analysis of a large parallel corpus, using limited amounts of linguistic knowledge. To our knowledge, these are the first empirical results of the kind between an Indo-European and non-Indo-European language for any significant vocabulary and corpus size. The learned vocabulary size is about 6,500 English words, achieving translation precision in the 86–96% range, with alignment proceeding at paragraph, sentence, and word levels. Specifically, we report (1) progress on the HKUST English-Chinese Parallel Bilingual Corpus, (2) experiments supporting the usefulness of restricted lexical cues for statistical paragraph and sentence alignment, and (3) experiments that question the role of hand-derived monolingual lexicons for automatic word translation acquisition. Using a hand-derived monolingual lexicon, the learned translation lexicon averages 2.33 Chinese translations per English entry, with a manually-filtered precision of 95.1%, and an automatically-filtered weighted precision of 86.0%. We then introduce a fully automatic two-stage statistical methodology that is able to learn translations for collocations. A statistically-learned monolingual Chinese lexicon is first used to segment the Chinese text, before applying bilingual training to produce 6,429 English entries with 2.25 Chinese translations per entry. This method improves the manually-filtered precision to 96.0% and the automatically-filtered weighted precision to 91.0%, an error rate reduction of 35.7% from using a hand-derived monolingual lexicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980581
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Berkeley UNIX Consultant Project (2000)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 14 (2000), S. 43-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Keywords: agent ; UNIX ; consultant ; natural language ; intelligent interface ; planning ; knowledge representation ; user modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract UC (UNIX Consultant) is an intelligent, natural-language interface thatallows naive users to learn about the UNIX operating system. UC wasundertaken because the task was thought to be both a fertile domain forArtificial Intelligence research and a useful application of AI work inplanning, reasoning, natural language processing, and knowledgerepresentation. The current implementation of UC comprises the followingcomponents: A language analyzer, called ALANA, that produces arepresentation of the content contained in an utterance; aninference component called a concretion mechanism that furtherrefines this content; a goal analyzer, PAGAN, that hypothesizes theplans and goals under which the user is operating; an agent, calledUCEgo, that decides on UC's goals and proposes plans for them; adomain planner, called KIP, that computes a plan to address the user'srequest; an expression mechanism, UCExpress, that determines thecontent to be communicated to the user, and a language productionmechanism, UCGen, that expresses UC's response in English. UC alsocontains a component called KNOME that builds a model of the user'sknowledge state with respect to UNIX. Another mechanism, UCTeacher,allows a user to add knowledge of both English vocabulary and factsabout UNIX to UC's knowledge base. This is done by interacting with theuser in natural language. All these aspects of UC make use of knowledgerepresented in a knowledge representation system called KODIAK. KODIAKis a relation-oriented system that is intended to have widerepresentational range and a clear semantics, while maintaining acognitive appeal. All of UC's knowledge, ranging from its most generalconcepts to the content of a particular utterance, is represented inKODIAK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006500224529
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active acquisition of user models: Implications for decision-theoretic dialog planning and plan recognition (1991)
    Springer
    User modeling and user adapted interaction 1 (1991), S. 149-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1391
    Keywords: active acquisition ; decision-theoretic planning ; decision theory ; dialog planning ; dialog systems ; expected utility ; multi-attribute utility ; plan recognition ; subdialogs ; user modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This article investigates the implications ofactive user model acquisition upon plan recognition, domain planning, and dialog planning in dialog architectures. A dialog system performs active user model acquisition by querying the user during the course of the dialog. Existing systems employ passive strategies that rely on inferences drawn from passive observation of the dialog. Though passive acquisition generally reduces unnecessary dialog, in some cases the system can effectively shorten the overall dialog length by selectively initiating subdialogs for acquiring information about the user. We propose a theory identifying conditions under which the dialog system should adoptactive acquisition goals. Active acquisition imposes a set ofrationality requirements not met by current dialog architectures. To ensure rational dialog decisions, we propose significant extensions to plan recognition, domain planning, and dialog planning models, incorporating decision-theoretic heuristics for expected utility. The most appropriate framework for active acquisition is a multi-attribute utility model wherein plans are compared along multiple dimensions of utility. We suggest a general architectural scheme, and present an example from a preliminary implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154476
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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