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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 48 (1997), S. 711-744 
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two-photon photoemission is a promising new technique that has been developed for the study of electron dynamics at interfaces. A femtosecond laser is used to both create an excited electronic distribution at the surface and eject the distribution for subsequent energy analysis. Time- and momentum-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra as a function of layer thickness fully determine the conduction band dynamics at the interface. Earlier clean surface studies showed how excited electron lifetimes are affected by the crystal band structure and vacuum image potential. Recent studies of various insulator/metal interfaces show that the dynamics of excess electrons are largely determined by the electron affinity of the adsorbate. In general, electron dynamics at the interface are influenced by the substrate and adlayer band structures, dielectric screening, and polaron formation in the two-dimensional overlayer lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 835-838 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 14 
    ISSN: 0022-1139
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 1195-1195 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé La dihydrojasmone a été synthétisée en trois étapes à partir du pentanedione-2,4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 16 (2000), S. 182-188 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Key words: Feature-based model; Hydraulic block; Object oriented
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The model is developed with C&+: in a Windows environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Aromatic metabolism ; Aromatic uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii have separate uptake systems for 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate. The 4-hydroxybenzoate uptake system (pobP) is inhibited by a range of compounds with substitution at the 4-position on the aromatic ring whereas the uptake system for protocatechuate (pcaP) is markedly inhibited only by other dihydroxybenzoic acids. The rate of 4-hydroxybenzoate uptake is very low in Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium trifolii grown on protocatechuate but mutants defective in 4-hydroxybenzoate uptake transport protocatechuate at rates similar to the wild-type grown under similar conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 28 (1989), S. 176-189 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Shear flow ; orthogonalsuperposition ; largeamplitudeoscillations ; harmonicanalysis ; Leonov model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The orthogonal superposition of small and large amplitude oscillations upon steady shear flow of elastic fluids has been considered. Theoretical results, obtained by numerical methods, are based on the Leonov viscoelastic constitutive equation. Steady-state components, amplitudes and phase angles of the oscillatory components of the shear stress, the first and second normal stress differences as functions of shear rate, deformation amplitude and frequency have been calculated. These oscillatory components include the first and third harmonic of the shear stresses and the second harmonic of the normal stresses. In the case of small amplitude superposition, the effect of the steady shear flow upon the frequency-dependent storage modulus and dynamic viscosity has been determined and compared with experimental data available in literature for polymeric solutions. The predicted results have been found to be in fair agreement with the experimental data at low shear rates and only in qualitative agreement at high shear rates and low frequencies. A comparison of the present theoretical results has also been made with the predictions of other theories. In the case of large amplitude superposition, the effect of oscillations upon the steady shear flow characteristics has been determined, indicating that the orthogonal superposition has less influence on the steady state shear stresses and the first difference of normal stresses than the parallel superposition. However, in the orthogonal superposition a more pronounced influence has been observed for the second difference of normal stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 2303-2327 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The parallel superposition of small- and large-amplitude oscillations upon steady shear flow of elastic fluids has been considered. Theoretical results, obtained by numerical methods, are based upon the Leonov viscoelastic constitutive equation. Steady-state components, amplitude, and phase angle of oscillatory components of the shear stress, the first and second normal-stress differences as a function of shear rate, deformation amplitude, and frequency have been calculated. These oscillatory components include the first harmonic of the shear stresses and the first and second harmonic of the normal stresses. In the case of small-amplitude superposition, the effect of the steady shear flow upon frequency-dependent storage and loss moduli has been determined and compared with experimental data available in the literature for polymeric solutions and melts. In the case of large-amplitude superposition, the effect of oscillations upon the steady shear flow characteristics has been determined and compared with our experimental data for a polymeric melt. The experimental results for shear stress components have been found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions, although there are some deviations for storage modulus at high shear rates. The deviations seem to be dependent on material. Moreover, the theory is unable to describe experimental data available for the first harmonic of normal stresses.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1574-1584 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A sound wave extrusion system has been developed. This system includes a single screw extruder and an annular die having an internal surface oscillating in the sound frequency range. Oscillating shear flow has been imposed in the direction parallel to the main pressure flow. The die characteristics and average melt temperature at the exit from the die for several thermoplastics have been measured with and without imposition of oscillations. Modeling of parallel superposition of sound oscillations upon pressure flow has been performed using the Leonov viscoelastic constitutive equation. Three cases are considered: (i) the process is isothermal and the change in die pressure is only due to a nonlinear interaction of oscillatory and pressure flow; (ii) the process is nonisothermal and adiabatic, and pressure reduction is due to the nonlinear interaction and the dissipation of oscillatory energy leading to the temperature rise in polymer melts; (iii) the process is nonisothermal with heat transfer due to transient heat conduction and the dissipation of oscillatory energy. Pressure reduction occurs due to both nonlinear interaction and temperature rise. It is found that case (i) cannot explain the observed die pressure reduction, while case (ii) describes those data only at high flow rates. The theoretical results from case (iii) are found to be in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Generally, the theoretical results of case (iii) are better than those of cases (i) and (ii).
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 883-895 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: N-S solver ; Turbomachinery ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The internal flows inside a backswept centrifugal impeller at off-design point conditions are analysed by solving the fully three- dimensional Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the k-∊ two-equation turbulence model. Conditions analysed have flow rates of 85 per cent and 113 per cent of the design rate. The calculated results are compared with published experimental data and the comparison shows good agreement. A jet wake structure occurs near the outlet of the impeller for each of the two off-design flow rates and the location and size of the jet wake structure seem to be independent of the flow rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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