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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The economic analysis of agricultural research (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Several economic analyses of agricultural research projects have been published in which the ‘surplus’ concept has been used to estimate welfare changes. It is suggested that this procedure does not provide a welfare indicator suitable as a basis for action. The analytical procedure can be re-worked purely in terms of resource usages. However, the welj-known hybrid-maize data of Griliches are used to show that ‘technical assessment’ can often provide, much more simply, as adequate an approximation as more elaborate methods. The importance for agricultural research planning of considerations other than the efficient use of resources is stressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1978.tb01289.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cost-benefit analysis of agricultural research: hybrid maize reconsidered (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 8 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper reviews the use of benefit-cost ratio, and the internal or external rate of return for ex post and ex ante assessment of agricultural research projects. The classic data on hybrid maize are used to illustrate unsatisfactory features of these criteria.In the absence of practicable optimization procedures, it is suggested that the net benefits of projects might be quantified, then judgment exercised on patterns of resource usage as well as on social consequences. Present value of net benefits is sensitive to discount rate and to the base year taken for discounting, but an ‘equivalent annual flow’ is a useful alternative form of expression.It is finally pointed out that the rejection of the high rates of return on agricultural research published in many retrospective studies does not weaken the case for investment in agricultural research which has to be determined by national needs.If, in the past, science was pursued for its own sake, nowadays it is being asked whether national expenditure on scientific research can also be justified in economic terms. Agricultural research would seem to be a particularly suitable area for studying this question since it is largely publicly funded, and agricultural benefits tend to accrue to the community as a whole in its capacity as a consumer of food.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1977.tb01272.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimating the benefits from agricultural research (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 7 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1977.tb00123.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some aspects of the present-value criterion in research planning (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The classic analysis of a potato harvester by Grossfield and Heath is reworked. The present value of the benefits is shown to depend on the way capital costs are handled and on the way the benefits are identified. It is concluded that, by 1965, the harvester had not, in fact, yet generated positive benefits. Attention is drawn to the ambiguities of interpretation which can arise from the choices of discount rate and base year. Finally, some difficulties in extending the analysis to incorporate social effects are mentioned.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00001.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical Solution of Evaporator Scale (1958)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 50 (1958), S. 811-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50581a040
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amperometric Determination of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid with Zinc Ions (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 27 (1955), S. 1469-1471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60105a033
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aeration of Culture Media (1950)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 165 (1950), S. 249-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] It is well known3 that the rate of solution of oxygen in a liquid can be expressed by an equation : dC -ft = 9L (C* - C)9 (1) where p is a constant with respect to C and t, C is the concentration of dissolved oxygen at time t, and C e is the concentration of dissolved oxygen when the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/165249a0
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agricultural R & D (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 313 (1985), S. 8-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] SIR - A recent publication1 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) included a comment that "in the United States, Germany and France government spending on agricultural research and development is around one per cent of value added in the industry. The percentage . . . ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313008a0
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Six Types of Research (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 240 (1972), S. 427-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] SIR,-Rothschild correctly points to the importance of the question, "What is the object of the classification?" but fails to recognize that different people and organizations have different needs of a classification, so that the same classification may not suit them all. Moreover, by defining ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/240427a0
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agricultural research strategy (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 268 (1977), S. 182-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] CAN science be justified in quantitative economic terms? If no convincing reply, one way or the other, has yet been given, some progress has been made towards the economic analysis of one area, namely research carried out to create new agricultural technology. This research is mostly publicly ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268182a0
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