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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon Nutrition and Metabolism of Polytomella caeca (1959)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 6 (1959), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Polytomella caeca utilizes as sole carbon sources in chemically defined media: acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, pyruvate, succinate, ethyl, butyl, amyl, and hexyl alcohols. Glyceraldehyde and α-ketoglutarate sustain very small populations. Caproate, caprylate, fumarate, malate, propyl, heptyl, and octyl alcohols and the iso-compounds iso-butyrate, iso-butyl and iso-hexyl alcohols are inadequate.Acetate is not assimilated 〈pH 5.0, propionate and butyrate 〈pH 6.0, and valerate 〈pH 7.0. Optimum for utilization of succinate is pH 3.0, for pyruvate pH 4.0, utilized also at pH 2.0 Fatty acids are utilized dissociated; succinate and pyruvate are utilized undissociated. Alcohols are assimilated throughout pH 4.0–7.4, except hexanol at pH 7.4. Alcohol availability is proportional to molecular length-1.pH after growth of fatty acid media is 8.4 ± 0.4; stable in pH 2.0 pyruvate and pH 3.0 succinate media; 3.5 ± 0.3 in alcohol media with initial pH 〈6.0. Longer alcohols cause less pH decrease during growth.Acetate concentrations 〈0.2% do not support maximum populations; concentrations of 0.2–1.0% do. pH after growth increases in these media to pH 8.5 with maximum populations.Malate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, and lactate seem not to penetrate the cell, but are metabolized by homogenates. Methylene blue reduction by homogenates indicates the presence of lactic, malic, succinic and α-ketoglutaric dehydrogenases, fumarase and glutamic transaminase. Extracts contain Embden-Meyerhof phosphate esters, ATP, and ADP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1959.tb03921.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane Production from Biomass and Agricultural Residues (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 18 (1979), S. 150-156 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i360070a015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon Sources for Polytomella caeca (1955)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2 (1955), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. The colorless phytomonad, Polytomella caeca, has been grown in simple media with each of the following as the sole energy source: propionate, butyrate, valerate; butyl and amyl alcohols; DL-glyceraldehyde, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. These compounds did not support growth in simple media: caproate, caprylic acid, isobutyrate, propyl, isopropyl and isobutyl alcohols. At present, C5, seems to be the limit of length of the fatty acids that are suitable carbon and energy sources. Iso compounds were not utilized. The pH in the acid media increased during incubation; that in alcohol media decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1955.tb02416.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of pH on the Availability of Acid Substrates for Polytomella caeca with Unexpected Activity by Succinate (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 11 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Membrane permeability of Polytomella caeca for acid substrates was examined by determining inhibition of growth by high concentrations of sole carbon sources in a pH range of 2.5–7.5, growth stimulation by compounds which are inadequate as sole carbon sources, and respirometry of these compounds at various pH levels. Fatty acid penetration appeared to be based on lipid solubility. Succinate, however, was better absorbed when ionized and therefore less lipid soluble. There was an indication that pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate may be more easily absorbed as ions also. Ethanol, glyceraldehyde, pyruvate, lactate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate and malate stimulated oxygen uptake at different pH values. Fumarate was inactive in both growth and respiration experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01751.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Acetaldehyde on Growth in Succinate Media and Labeling RNA with 14C Succinate in Polytomella caeca (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 17 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Acetaldehyde had been shown to prevent growth of Polytomella caeca in acetate media when present at 4 mM and to depress labeling of RNA with acetate-2-14C. In order to avoid inhibition by acetaldehyde of possible malate synthase activity believed necessary for incorporation of acetate, succinate was substituted for acetate. Acetaldehyde had the same effect on growth in succinate media and labeling of RNA with succinate-2-14C as it had on utilization of acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb02353.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Acetaldehyde on Growth and Biosynthesis in an Algal Flagellate Polytomella caeca (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 15 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Eight mM acetaldehyde prevented growth of Polytomella caeca in acetate medium and differentially changed the labeling by acetate-2-14C of chromatographically separated RNA hydrolysate products. Four mM acetaldehyde also prevented growth in acetate medium unless uridine, thymidine, guanosine, uracil, thymine or quanine were present; then growth was delayed by 2 or 4 days. Orotidine, orotic acid, dihydroortic acid, cytosine, cytidine, adenosine and adenine had no effect on growth in acetate medium containing 4 mM acetaldehyde. One mM acetaldehyde promoted growth in acetate medium and also could serve as a sole carbon source. One mM propionaldehyde, but not butyraldehyde, was also an adequate carbon source. Four mM acetaldehyde, as a sole carbon source, supported growth only when uridine was present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02169.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of calcium magnesium acetate as dual SO2 -NOx emission Control Agent (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 712-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) is an effective dual SO2-NOx emission control agent. Laboratory-scale experiments with dry injected particles at a Ca/S molar ratio of 2 [or (Ca + Mg)/S ratio of 6] resulted in SO2 and NOx removal efficiencies of over 90% at gas temperatures of 950 - 1,250°C in atmospheres containing 12% CO2, 3% oxygen, 2,000 ppm SO2, and 1,000 ppm NOx during a 1-s residence time in an isothermal cavity followed by injection of after-fire air. During the experiments, SO2 reacted with the porous, thin-walled CaO, CaCO3 and MgO cenospheres, formed when CMA calcined, while NOx was reduced by hydrocarbon radicals from the organic acetate decomposition. While Ca was the dominant contributor to SO2 reduction by CMA in the isothermal furnace zone, Mg also contributed to SO2 reduction. At gas temperatures ≤ 950°C, Mg reacted directly with SO2 in the isothermal furnace zone and was the dominant SO2 remover in the post-furnace quenching zone while indirectly SO2 at higher isothermal zone temperatures by precluding pore-mouth plugging when CaSO4 formed. Interactions among hydrocarbons, SO2, and NOx are important but not fully understood.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410328
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste for Fuel Gas Production (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 1119-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Anaerobic digestion offers a potential means of converting organic solid waste into fuel gas and thereby provide a supplemental and readily utilizable source of energy. We are particularly interested in the use of thermophilic digestion over a mesophilic operation for it can achieve higher rates of digestion, greater conversion of waste organics to gas, faster solid-liquid separation, and minimization of bacterial and viral pathogen accumulation. Our results comparing mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (65°C) anaerobic digestion of domestic solid waste confirm the increased rate and conversion of waste to methane. In addition, utilizing radioactive labeling of glucose and acetic acid, we have measured the volumetric rates of volatile acid production and disappearance under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170804
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas phase acetaldehyde production in a continuous bioreactor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 667-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: alcohol oxidase ; acetaldehyde ; ethanol ; continuous bioreactor ; gas phase reaction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gas phase continuous production of acetaldehyde was studied with particular emphasis on the development of biocatalyst (alcohol oxidase on solid phase support materials) for a fixed bed reactor. Based on the experimental results in a batch bioreactor, the biocatalysts were prepared by immobilization of alcohol oxidase on Amberlite IRA-400, packed into a column, and the continuous acetaldehyde production in the gas phase by alcohol oxidase was performed. The effects of the reaction temperature, flow rates of gaseous stream, and ethanol vapor concentration on the performance of the continuous bioreactor were investigated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420515
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of calcium magnesium acetate as an SOX sorbent in coal combustion (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 761-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fundamental study was conducted on the effectiveness of the chemical calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) as a sulfur capture agent during combustion of pulverized coal. It was based on high-temperature laboratory-bench experiments with the scope of exploring the use of CMA as a “dry scrubbing” medium for in-boiler injection. Two methods of CMA introduction in the furnace were considered: dry-spraying fine powders of the chemical and wet-spraying aqueous solutions to generate fine aerosols. It considered conditions pertinent to post-flame in-boiler injection of CMA to identify optimum temperatures and residence times. In addition to the versatility of the water-soluble CMA to enable spray drying injection and therefore eliminate grinding costs, there are other attractive features. Mainly, its ability to form highly cenospheric, “popcorn” -like, oxide particles on heating to high temperatures. These cenospheres possess thin, porous walls with blowholes that enable penetration of the SO2 in the interior of the particle which promotes high sorbent utilization. SO2 captures in the order of 90% were achieved with dry-injection of the chemical at furnace gas temperatures of about 1,000° C, a Ca/S ratio of 2, and particle size of ≈ 50 μm. Moreover, CMA was superior(by over 40%) to either CaCO3 or Ca(OH)2 in sulfur capture effectiveness per unit mass of calcium. This commercially obtained CMA was even superior to reagent-grade calcium acetate (by as much as 30%), again per unit mass of calcium. The utilization of CMA and calcium acetate depended on the cenosphere wall thickness, rather than the particle size and, thus, outperformed other sorbents regardless of the size of the resulting oxide particles.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390505
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