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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium and the plant cytoskeleton (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The regulation of the plant cytoskeleton by the concentration of free ionized Ca2+ in the cytosol is discussed. The effect is illustrated by considering the role of Ca2+ in regulating cytoplasmic streaming in Physarum and characean algae, and flagellar beating in Chlamydomonas. Examples are given of cytoskeletal processes in other plant cells that may be Ca2+ -regulated, together with an appraisal of some technical difficulties that currently limit their study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1984.tb01433.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Element Analysis of Plant Cell Wall Materials (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 32 (Feb. 2008), p. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Illuminating fundamental aspects of plant cell wall mechanics will lead to novelbiological and engineering inspired strategies for application in the cotton and wood fiber industriesand in developing novel plant-derived materials that are increasingly seen as environmentallyfriendly alternatives. The stiffness properties of cell wall polymers such as cellulose microfibrilsand xyloglucans are known but the relationship between the composite structure of the wall and itseffective stiffness remains poorly understood. Understanding this relationship is important toengineers using and designing plant-derived materials and to biologists studying plant growth. Wehave developed a software system to generate microfibril-xyloglucan networks resembling thosefound in cell walls. Finite element analysis was implemented to predict the effective Young’smodulus of varying sizes of the microfibril-xyloglucan network. Results from the finite elementmodels show that the network’s effective moduli of the cell walls having microfibrils parallel toapplied loadings are relatively high (~90-215MPa) compared with those of the walls havingrandomly oriented microfibrils (~20-47MPa). The walls having microfibrils parallel to each otherbut perpendicular to applied loadings have lowest stiffness (~17-118kPa). The Young’s moduli aresignificantly lower than those of its constituent polymers and generally in agreement withexperimentally measured values
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.32.197.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule organization differs between acid and alkaline bands in internodal cells of Chara but bands can develop in the absence of microtubules (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chara (cytoskeleton, pH band) ; Cytoskeleton (immunocytochemistry) ; Microtubule ; pH band (plasma membrane) ; Plasma membrane (pH banding)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the relationship between pH banding and the organization of cortical microtubules in the alga Chara corallina Klein ex Willd. Microtubules were visualized by immunofluorescence and also by imunogold-silver enhancement to allow immediate comparison of microtubule arrangement with visible structural cell features. In cells that are nearing growth completion, microtubule number and alignment change between acidic and alkaline bands over a distance of a few micrometres. Thus, it appears that the still unknown mechanisms for microtubule organization respond to the localized differences in membrane properties. Band formation was not prevented when microtubules were depolymerized with the herbicide oryzalin, demonstrating that microtubules are not necessary for pH bands to develop in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198945
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule organization differs between acid and alkaline bands in internodal cells ofChara but bands can develop in the absence of microtubules (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chara (cytoskeleton, pH band) ; Cytoskeleton (immunocytochemistry) ; Microtubule ; pH band (plasma membrane) ; Plasma membrane (pH banding)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the relationship between pH banding and the organization of cortical microtubules in the algaChara corallina Klein ex Willd. Microtubules were visualized by immunofluorescence and also by imunogold-silver enhancement to allow immediate comparison of microtubule arrangement with visible structural cell features. In cells that are nearing growth completion, microtubule number and alignment change between acidic and alkaline bands over a distance of a few micrometres. Thus, it appears that the still unknown mechanisms for microtubule organization respond to the localized differences in membrane properties. Band formation was not prevented when microtubules were depolymerized with the herbicide oryzalin, demonstrating that microtubules are not necessary for pH bands to develop in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160718
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilisation of organelles and actin bundles in the cortical cytoplasm of the alga Chara corallina Klein ex. Wild (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Actin immobilisation ; Chara ; Cortical gel ; Cytoskeleton ; Organelle immobilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism by which sub-cortical actin bundles and membranous organelles are immobilised in the cortical cytoplasm of the alga Chara was studied by perfusing cells with a solution containing 1% Triton X-100. Light and scanning electron microscopy and the release of starch grains and chlorophyll-protein complexes indicated that the detergent extensively solubilised the chloroplasts. However, the sub-cortical actin bundles remained in situ even though they were originally separated from the plasma membrane by the chloroplasts. A fibrous layer between chloroplasts and plasma membrane became readily visible after detergent extraction of the cells and could be released by low-ionic-strength ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, thioglycollate and trypsin. The same treatments applied to cells not subject to detergent extraction released the membrane-bound organelles and actin bundles and no fibrous meshwork was visible on subsequent extraction with Triton. It is, therefore, concluded that a detergent-insoluble cortical cytoskeleton exists and contributes to the immobility of the actin and cortical organelles in the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395890
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of carbohydrates in Arabidopsis root cell walls shows that three radial swelling loci are specifically involved in cellulose production (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 406-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Arabidopsis (cellulose ; mutants) ; Carbohydrate fractionation ; Cellulose synthesis ; Cell walls ; Mutant (Arabidopsis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Three non-allelic radial swelling mutants (rsw1, rsw2 and rsw3) of Arabidopsisthaliana L. Heynh. were shown to be specifically impaired in cellulose production. Fractionation methods that identify, characterise and quantify some of the major cell wall polysaccharides in small quantities of seedlings demonstrated that changes in the production of cellulose are much more pronounced than changes in the production of non-cellulosic polysaccharides. A crude cell wall pellet was sequentially extracted with chloroform methanol (to recover lipids), dimethyl sulphoxide (starch), ammonium oxalate (pectins) and alkali (hemicelluloses). Crystalline cellulose remained insoluble through subsequent treatments with an acetic/nitric acid mixture and with trifluoroacetic acid. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitation resolved neutral and acidic polymers in the fractions, and precipitation behaviour, monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage patterns identified the major polysaccharides. The deduced composition of the walls of wild-type seedlings and the structure and solubility properties of the major polymers were broadly typical of other dicots. The three temperature-sensitive, radial swelling mutants produced less cellulose in their roots than the wild type when grown at their restrictive temperature (31 °C). There were no significant differences at 21 °C where no radial swelling occurs. The limited changes seen in the monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic linkage patterns and quantities of non-cellulosic polysaccharides support the view that the RSW1, RSW2 and RSW3 genes are specifically involved in cellulose synthesis. Reduced deposition of cellulose was accompanied by increased accumulation of starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000301
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin-microtubule interactions in the algaNitella: analysis of the mechanism by which microtubule depolymerization potentiates cytochalasin's effects on streaming (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 191 (1996), S. 178-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actin ; Cytoplasmic streaming ; Cytochalasin ; Microtubule depolymerization ; Nitella ; Oryzalin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the characean algaNitella, depolymerization of microtubules potentiates the inhibitory effects of cytochalasins on cytoplasmic streaming. Microtubule depolymerization lowers the cytochalasin B and D concentrations required to inhibit streaming, accelerates inhibition and delays streaming recovery. Because microtubule depolymerization does not significantly alter3H-cytochalasin B uptake and release, elevated intracellular cytochalasin concentrations are not the basis for potentiation. Instead, microtubule depolymerization causes actin to become more sensitive to cytochalasin. This increased sensitivity of actin is unlikely to be due to direct stabilization of actin by microtubules, however, because very few microtubules colocalize with the subcortical actin bundles that generate streaming. Furthermore, microtubule reassembly, but not recovery of former transverse alignment, is sufficient for restoring the normal cellular responses to cytochalasin D. We hypothesize that either tubulin or microtubule-associated proteins, released when microtubules depolymerize, interact with the actin cytoskeleton and sensitize it to cytochalasin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281816
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell surface displacement during euglenoid movement and its computer simulation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 186-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Euglena ; pellicular strip ; cell shape ; sliding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We recently showed by videomicroscopy that adjacent pellicular strips slide relative to each other without contraction during S-shaped bending movement in Euglena fusca (Suzaki and Williamson, 1985). In order to validate this sliding strip mechanism for other species and other shape changes, a theoretical analysis and a computer simulation were carried out. Some of the commonly observed euglenoid cell shapes (rounded. S-shaped, and embryo-like shapes) were generated. Our results suggest that Euglena probably achieves a variety of cell shape changes by means of locally regulated sliding between adjacent pellicular strips of constant length and width.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060217
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  • 9
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    Towards the mechanism of cellulose synthesis (2002)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1360-1385
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-4372
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 10
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    Immobilisation of organelles and actin bundles in the cortical cytoplasm of the alga Chara corallina Klein ex. Wild (1985)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-0935
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2048
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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