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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An optical technique for measurement of semiconductor surface electric fields (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3918-3922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present an optical technique for the measurement of semiconductor surface electric fields. The measurement technique uses the Kerr electro-optic effect in nitrobenzene, a phase sensitive interferometer, and associated data acquisition units to measure the surface electric fields between the contacts of a planar semiconductor device. This technique was used to measure the surface fields on silicon devices used in pulsed power applications, but has the potential for use as an electric field probe for any device having high surface electric fields, both pulsed and dc. The measurement technique showed a temporal resolution of 100 ns, which can be easily reduced to a few nanoseconds using superior data acquisition and detection systems. The spatial resolution was about 50 μm for devices that had a typical contact separation of about 500 μm (power devices). This technique can be applied to measure the surface fields on devices commonly used in microelectronic applications. In this paper we discuss in detail the measurement technique and present the results obtained for silicon photoconductive power switches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143292
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation and metamorphism in the Bard area of the Sesia Lanzo Zone, Western Alps, during subduction and uplift (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 1 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The structure, microstructure and petrology of a small area close to the village of Bard in Val d'Aosta (Italy) has been studied in detail. The area lies across the contact between the Gneiss Minuti (GM) and the Eclogitic Micaschist (EMS) Complexes of the Lower element of the Sesia portion of the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Western Alps). Both complexes have undergone high-pressure metamorphism, but the metamorphic assemblages indicate a sudden increase in pressure in going across the contact from the GM to the EMS. Therefore, we interpret the contact as a thrust dividing the lower element of the Sesia into two sub-elements. This interpretation is supported by structural evidence.The early Alpine (90-70 Ma) metamorphic history is best preserved in the EMS and is one of increasing pressure associated with thrusting. The maximum P/T recorded in the EMS is 〉1500 MPa (〉15kbar) and 550°C and in the GM is 〈 1500-1300 MPa (〈 15-13 kbar) and 500-550°C. We suggest that the rocks were probably in an active Benioff zone during this time.From then on the histories of the GM and EMS are the same. Deformation continued and the thrust and thrust slices were folded during decreasing pressure. We interpret the first postthrusting deformation in terms of uplift associated with continued shortening of the crust and underplating after the Benioff zone had become inactive and a new Benioff zone had developed further to the north-west.A still later deformation and the Lepontine metamorphism (38 Ma) are related to continued uplift. Much of this deformation is characterized by structures indicative of vertical shortening and lateral spreading as the mountains rose above the general level of the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1983.tb00268.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotating garnets (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 17 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The origin of snowball and sigmoidal inclusion patterns in porphyroblasts is discussed. Snowball garnets are peculiar to shear zones whereas sigmoidal patterns occur in porphyroblasts both in shear zones and on the limbs of folds. There are currently two models for the development of snowball garnets and these have been discussed extensively in the literature. We show that although the typical two-dimensional snowball pattern can be produced by either model, the three-dimensional inclusion patterns are model-specific thus providing a distinguishing criterion. We have applied this criterion to all the available data and find that the classical model, which is dependent on the rotation of garnet relative to a single foliation, is applicable in all cases. Syn-kinematic porphyroblasts on the limbs of horizontal normal folds generally show little rotation relative to geographical coordinates. What rotation they do show generally has the same sense as that of the host limb, but is less in magnitude. This has been used as evidence that the porphyroblasts have remained irrotational while the rocks deformed around them; the implication being that they were unaffected by vorticity associated with folding. This has been explained by claiming that the porphyroblasts are restricted in distribution to small domains of coaxial deformation path. We show that for reasonable deformation models of horizontal normal folds, porphyroblasts affected by vorticity will rotate little with respect to geographical coordinates and our results predict the commonly observed natural patterns. We conclude therefore that lack of rotation relative to geographical coordinates cannot be used to demonstrate that porphyroblasts have grown only in coaxially deforming domains; much less restrictive and more reasonable interpretations are possible. Consequently, the lack of rotation relative to geographical coordinates is more significant for fold modelling than it is for the garnet controversy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.1999.00203.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mechanism of triggering in trigatron spark gaps (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 182-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Since the first trigatron spark gap was described by J. D. Craggs, M. E. Haine, and J. M. Meek [J. Inst. Electr. Eng. 93A, 963 (1946)], there has been controversy about the physical mechanism responsible for triggering the devices. In this letter we present experimental evidence that directly shows the sequence of physical events responsible for triggering in the gap we studied, and we present a model for trigatron triggering based on this information. We believe this model to be general and discuss it in light of existing literature. We briefly discuss the implications of the model for the engineering design of trigatron gaps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100168
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental processes in the laser-triggered electrical breakdown of gases: Unconventional geometries (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 4240-4247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies of the laser-triggered electrical breakdown of spark gaps in three nonconventional geometries have been performed. The results of these studies shed new light on the subject of triggered electrical breakdown of gases in general and confirm conclusions we had drawn previously regarding the interaction between the optical beam and the propagating streamer in the conventional laser-triggering geometry (in which the focused beam struck one electrode after passing coaxially through the opposing electrode). In particular, we relate the V-I characteristics of the spark to the triggering conditions and to the system impedance and operating voltage. This relationship defines an upper limit on the initial ionization volume in order to insure prompt collapse of the gap voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337462
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional studies of streamers in gases (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 4696-4707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the results of two-dimensional computer simulations of streamer initiation and propagation in atmospheric pressure N2. The simulation algorithm makes use of flux-corrected transport techniques and was used as a tool to study the solutions of the transport equations under conditions suitable for streamers, for which realistic analytic solutions are not known. We present and discuss conclusions about streamer transport based on the results of these studies. Finally, we present a novel method of checking on the numerical accuracy with which the algorithm solves the transport equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field-enhancement calculations for a field-distortion triggered spark gap (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 790-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the results of numerical field calculation which supplement a recent article in which we described a new design concept for field-distortion triggered spark gaps. The calculations verify the shielding and field enhancement assumptions made in the article, and they provide insight into the interaction of the design tradeoffs associated with simultaneously maximizing the holdoff voltage and the triggering capability of the gap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338182
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of surface-related electrical breakdown of long p+-i-n+ silicon structures (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2236-2238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Semiconductors such as silicon and GaAs appear attractive for use in high voltage devices because of their high bulk dielectric strength. Typically, however, such devices fail at a voltage well below that expected due to a poorly understood, surface-related breakdown process. In this letter we present empirical results which show that such breakdown of long silicon p+-i-n+ devices can be inhibited by the application of weak visible or near-infrared illumination. These results suggest a technique for avoiding surface flashover in practical high voltage devices, and provide information about the physical mechanisms responsible for initiating flashover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109427
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-related breakdown in silicon: Imaging of current filaments in long p+-n−-n+ structures (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3942-3944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present Schlieren images which show the existence and evolution of current filaments during the very early stages of surface-related breakdown inside 1 cm silicon p+-n−-n+ structures. These images confirm our previous finding that breakdown occurs in the silicon rather than in the ambient, and suggest that a streamerlike mechanism may be responsible. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant photoresistivity and optically controlled switching in self-assembled nanowires (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4423-4425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of giant photoresistivity in electrochemically self-assembled CdS and ZnSe nanowires electrodeposited in a porous alumina film. The resistance of these nanowires increases by one to two orders of magnitude when exposed to infrared radiation, possibly because of real-space transfer of electrons from the nanowires into the surrounding alumina by photon absorption. This phenomenon has potential applications in "normally on" infrared photodetectors and optically controlled switches. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427156
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