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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sampling procedure and strain variation in Listeria monocytogenes on the discrimination of species in the genus Listeria by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and canonical variates analysis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 147 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ability to discriminate successfully among cultures of all species of the Listeria genus by infrared spectroscopy in combination with canonical variate analysis was confirmed. The robustness of the method was demonstrated by showing that the separation of L. monocytogenes and L. grayi was hardly affected by variations in broth medium, incubation temperature, incubation time and cell washing procedure. Discrimination among 24 strains of L. monocytogenes according to serotype allowed two groups to be recognised, one comprising serotypes 4 and 4b and the other containing serotypes 1, 1/2b and 1/2c. When strain variation was included in the species discrimination model, the classification of all the L. monocytogenes strains was virtually 100% correct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10218.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination among Bacillus cereus, B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis and some other species of the genus Bacillus by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 164 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in conjunction with canonical variate analysis was found to be effective in discriminating among spectra of 9 representative strains of Bacillus spp., including B. cereus, B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis. The method was also able to discriminate according to species among spectra of 14 other non-type strains of B. cereus, 12 of B. mycoides and 12 of B. thuringiensis with a success rate of 〉95%, even without using a prior classification of the groups by species. FTIR spectroscopy can be used for the rapid and accurate differentiation of species in the genus Bacillus that are of importance to the food and dairy industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13086.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenosomes in known species of rumen entodiniomorphid protozoa (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 21 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of hydrogenosomal enzymes in several species of rumen entodiniomorphid protozoa grown in vivo and in vitro was investigated. Eudiplodinium maggii and Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum were shown to possess pyruvate synthase and hydrogenase enzyme activities associated with a fraction sedimentable at 105/ g/min and enriched in granular microbody-like organelles about 0.3 μm in diameter; these organelles are therefore morphologically and enzymically similar to hydrogenosomes from the rumen holotrichs. However, hydrogenase and pyruvate synthase were undetectable in several of the entodiniomorph species investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00178.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Staining reactions for the detection of hemicellulose-degrading bacteria (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 20 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of dye-polysaccharide interactions in visualizing zones of polymer hydrolysis has been used to facilitate the detection of hemicellulolytic activity. Grams iodine was particularly effective in confirming the degradation of hemicellulosic pentosans and some α-glucans, whereas Congo Red and Trypan Blue interacted strongly with the β-d-glucans tested. Organisms, selectively isolated from garden compost, that produced iodinevisualized zones of hydrolysis all possessed xylanase activity; this enzyme was not detected in the isolates that failed to produce hydrolysis zones. Post-incubation staining with Grams iodine will therefore expedite the detection and unambiguous enumeration of hemicellulolytic isolates on enrichment culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00127.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of co-cultivation with the acetogen Acetitomaculum ruminis on the fermentative metabolism of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum and Neocallimastix sp. strain L2 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of co-cultivation with the hydrogen-utilizing acetogenic bacterium Acetitomaculum ruminis on the fermentative activities of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum or Neocallimastix sp. L2 were investigated. In both co-cultures acetate production increased, making it the predominant fermentation product, as the accumulation of lactate, formate, ethanol, H2 and (in the case of Neocallimastix sp. L2) succinate all decreased. The effects of co-cultivation with Methanobrevibacter smithii were more pronounced. Decreased activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and (in the case of Neocallimastix sp. L2) fumarate reductase accompanied the shift in fermentation product formation. The rate of glucose utilization and the fungal biomass yield were also increased in the co-culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07880.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some rumen ciliates have endosymbiotic methanogens (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 117 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Most of the small ciliate protozoa, including Dasytricha ruminantium and Entodinium spp. living in the rumen of sheep, were found to have intracellular bacteria. These bacteria were not present in digestive vacuoles. They showed characteristic coenzyme F420 autofluorescence and they were detected with a rhodamine-labelled Archaea-specific oligonucleotide probe. The measured volume percent of autofluorescing bacteria (1%) was close to the total volume of intracellular bacteria estimated from TEM stereology. Thus it is likely that all of the bacteria living in the cytoplasm of these ciliates were endosymbiotic methanogens, using H2 evolved by the host ciliate to form methane. Intracellular methanogens appear to be much more numerous than those attached to the external cell surface of ciliates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06758.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypeptides of hydrogenosome-enriched fractions from rumen ciliate protozoa and trichomonads: Immunological studies (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 117 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of hydrogenosomes, energy-generating organelles of rumen ciliate protozoa and the flagellate trichomonads has been the subject of much speculation. Polypeptides of the hydrogenosome-enriched fractions from the rumen ciliates, Dasytricha ruminantium, Isostricha spp., Polyplastron multivesiculatum and Eudiplodinium maggii were separated by SDS-PAGE and compared to analogous polypeptide preparations from Tritrichomonas foetus. Immunoblotting with antisera specific to the hydrogenosomes of T. foetus identified common immunoreactive polypeptides present at estimated molecular masses of 28, 35, 38, 44, 48, 58, 100 and 120 kDa. That at 120 kDa corresponds to a single subunit of the purified pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06767.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of hemicellulose-degrading enzymes byBacillus macerans in anaerobic culture (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1985), S. 318-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The cell-associated and exocellular hemicellulolytic polysaccharide depolymerase and glycoside hydrolase activity ofBacillus macerans NCDO 1764 was monitored over a range of anaerobic growth conditions in batch and continuous culture. The enzymes were detectable throughout the complete growth cycle in batch culture reaching and maintaining maximum levels in the stationary phase. In continuous culture enzyme activity was largely independent of growth rate (D=0.025–0.1 h-1) although the activity was reduced at higher dilution rates (0.125–0.15 h-1). Although activity was detectable over a wide pH range (pH 5.5–7.5) it was pH dependent, and maximum activities of both the cell-associated and exocellular enzymes were measured in cultures maintained at pH 6.5–7.0±0.1. The principal metabolites formed anaerobically from xylose byB. macerans in batch and continuous culture were acetic acid, formic acid and ethanol which represented 95–99% of the products formed. Smaller amounts of acetone,d,l-lactic acid and succinic acid were formed together with traces of butyric acid (〈5 nmol/ml) and isovaleric acid (〈25 nmol/ml). The proportions of the metabolites produced varied with growth conditions and were influenced by the pH of the culture and the rate and stage of growth of the microorganism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a portable quadrupole mass spectrometer for the measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in ovine rumen liquor in situ (1985)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 12 (1985), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of membrane-inlet mass spectrometry in the study of dissolved gas concentrations in the rumen was evaluated in order to assess the value of the technique as a tool for the study of microbial activity in ecosystems in situ. Four dissolved gases (CH4, CO2, H2, and O2) were measured simultaneously and continuously for short periods (up to 30 min) during the feeding period. These preliminary results have demonstrated the usefulness of the technique for monitoring microbial activity via gas production in a complex natural ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567893
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular distribution of polysaccharide depolymerase and glycoside hydrolase enzymes in rumen ciliate protozoa (1986)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 13 (1986), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of polysaccharide depolymerase and glycoside (acid) hydrolase activity in nine genera of rumen entodiniomorphid and holotrich ciliate protozoa was examined by differential centrifugation. Sedimentable activity was detected in all of the protozoa examined and occurred principally in fractions that were prepared by centrifugation at 1000g for 10 min, 10,000g for 10 min, and 20,000g for 20 min (fractions F1, F2, and F3). Acid phosphatase was present in these subcellular fractions which contained membrane-bound vesicles 0.1–0.8 μm in size. The enzyme location profile of the subcellular fractions differed within the genera examined. The distribution of the enzyme activity in the subcellular fractions indicated the presence of distinct populations of hydrolase-containing organelles and other functional vesicles in the rumen ciliates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01568509
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