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  • 1
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    Further developments in cloud statistics for computer simulations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study is a part of NASA's continued program to provide global statistics of cloud parameters for computer simulation. The primary emphasis was on the development of the data bank of the global statistical distributions of cloud types and cloud layers and their applications in the simulation of the vertical distributions of in-cloud parameters such as liquid water content. These statistics were compiled from actual surface observations as recorded in Standard WBAN forms. Data for a total of 19 stations were obtained and reduced. These stations were selected to be representative of the 19 primary cloud climatological regions defined in previous studies of cloud statistics. Using the data compiled in this study, a limited study was conducted of the hemogeneity of cloud regions, the latitudinal dependence of cloud-type distributions, the dependence of these statistics on sample size, and other factors in the statistics which are of significance to the problem of simulation. The application of the statistics in cloud simulation was investigated. In particular, the inclusion of the new statistics in an expanded multi-step Monte Carlo simulation scheme is suggested and briefly outlined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-61389
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Studies in the use of cloud type statistics in mission simulation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study to further improve NASA's global cloud statistics for mission simulation is reported. Regional homogeneity in cloud types was examined; most of the original region boundaries defined for cloud cover amount in previous studies were supported by the statistics on cloud types and the number of cloud layers. Conditionality in cloud statistics was also examined with special emphasis on temporal and spatial dependencies, and cloud type interdependence. Temporal conditionality was found up to 12 hours, and spatial conditionality up to 200 miles; the diurnal cycle in convective cloudiness was clearly evident. As expected, the joint occurrence of different cloud types reflected the dynamic processes which form the clouds. Other phases of the study improved the cloud type statistics for several region and proposed a mission simulation scheme combining the 4-dimensional atmospheric model, sponsored by MSFC, with the global cloud model.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-129030
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    World-wide cloud cover distribution for use in computer simulations Final report, 18 Jan. 1967 - 17 Jan. 1968 (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Probability distributions of world wide cloud cover for computer simulated observations of earth from space
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-61226
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Processing of satellite infrared data for sea surface temperature determination Final report (1967)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Computer processing of satellite infrared data for determining sea surface temperature
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-91732 , REPT.-9G16-F
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Satellite infrared observation of arctic sea ice (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Satellite high resolution IR imagery for arctic sea ice mapping, describing sensor design and day and nighttime operation in film-strip format
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 70-301 , AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS MEETING; Mar 02, 1970 - Mar 04, 1970; ANNAPOLIS, MD
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Scale effects in the use of cloud statistics for earth oriented space experiments. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Scale effects in use of ground observation cloud statistics in analysis of cloud cover distribution on basis of space experiments
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY; May 06, 1968 - May 09, 1968; NEW ORLEANS, LA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The application of Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) thermal data to snow hydrology (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The application of HCMM thermal infrared data to snow hydrology and the prediction of snowmelt runoff was evaluated. Data for the Salt Verde watershed in central Arizona and the southern Sierra Nevada in California were analyzed and compared to LANDSAT and NOAA satellite data, U-2 thermal data, and other correlative data. It was determined that HCMM thermal imagery provides data as accurate for snow mapping as does visible imagery, and that in comparison with the reslution of other satellite imagery, it may be the most useful. Data from the HCMM thermal channel, with careful calibration, provides useful snow surface temperature data for hydrological purposes. An approach to an automated method of analysis is presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10191 , NASA-CR-168619 , NAS 1.26:168619 , ERT-P-2061-F
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Estimation of the geophysical properties of the ocean surface using aircraft microwave measurements (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An improved model of the effects of sea state on microwave signature has been developed which incorporates the different effects of whitecaps and streaks to define the response of microwave channels to wind speed. This model has been demonstrated to agree with recent measurements. An approximation model has also been incorporated to describe the effects of precipitation on microwave radiation through a computationally rapid routine. The use of these models and a new technique to allow the selection of the most climatologically appropriate D-matrix is demonstrated in the inversion of data collected over the bering Sea. Surface wind speed agrees very well with observations while good results are obtained for integrated water vapor, and liquid water.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-152479 , P-1143F
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Analysis of aircraft microwave measurements of the ocean surface (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A data system was developed to process, from calibrated brightness temperature to computation of estimated parameters, the microwave measurements obtained by the NASA CV-990 aircraft during the 1972 Meteorological Expedition. A primary objective of the study was the implementation of an integrated software system at the computing facility of NASA/GSFC, and its application to the 1972 data. A single test case involving measurements away from and over a heavy rain cell was chosen to examine the effect of clouds upon the ability to infer ocean surface parameters. The results indicate substantial agreement with those of the theoretical study; namely, that the values obtained for the surface properties are consistent with available ground-truth information, and are reproducible except within the heaviest portions of the rain cell, at which nonlinear (or saturation) effects become apparent. Finally, it is seen that uncorrected instrumental effects introduce systematic errors which may limit the accuracy of the method.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-132923 , P-442
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Development of a global cloud model for simulating earth viewing space missions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Global cloud model for computerized simulation of earth-viewing space missions
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-61345 , REPT-9G78-F
    Format: application/pdf
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