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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypercooling of completely miscible alloys (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2995-2997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Calorimetric measurements and undercooling investigations were performed on the high-melting, completely miscible binary systems (Co, Ni, Fe)-Pd. The alloys, characterized by phase diagrams with concavous liquidus and solidus lines, exhibit heat-of-fusion values considerably lower than calculated assuming ideal solution behavior. As a consequence, these metallic systems offer the possibility to achieve the hypercooling regime at a reduced extent of undercooling. Investigations on the undercoolability of the liquid alloys indicate the surmounting of the calculated hypercooling limit. Time-resolved radiation thermometry experimentally proved the appearance of complete isenthalpic solidification. Metallographic investigations of samples solidified from different levels of undercooling revealed the corresponding stages of microstructural evolution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117755
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonequilibrium solidification of hypercooled Co–Pd melts (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3028-3034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co–Pd alloy melts are characterized by a low heat of fusion and, as a consequence, by a comparably small critical undercooling for the hypercooling limit ΔThyp of the order of 300 K. It is shown that containerless processing of bulk melts by electromagnetic levitation offers undercooling levels of ΔT(approximate)350 K thus exceeding the hypercooling limit considerably. Solidification of undercooled melts from the hypercooling regime leads to rapid crystallization of the entire sample under nonequilibrium conditions. The electromagnetic levitation technique in combination with time-resolved recalescence detection was used to measure the growth velocity of Co–Pd alloy melts as a function of undercooling prior to solidification. The growth velocities of undercooled metallic melts were measured in an undercooling range exceeding the hypercooling limit. The experimental results are discussed within current theory of dendritic growth. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367057
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calorimetric, thermomechanical, and rheological characterizations of bulk glass-forming Pd40Ni40P20 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1141-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Calorimetric, thermomechanical, and rheological properties of undercooled liquid Pd40Ni40P20 were determined within a wide temperature range above the glass transition. The concept of the limiting fictive temperature was applied to the entire set of measurements to compare the different properties adequately. It was found that an equilibrium state of a sample that is defined by its calorimetric glass temperature corresponds to a similar equilibrium state for the specific volume and for the shear viscosity as well. The Kauzmann temperature as one of the most important material characteristics concerning the glass transition could be determined with high accuracy leading to the evaluation of the free volume persistent in the samples. Viscosity values of the liquid extending over a range of about nine orders in magnitude could be described best by the free volume theory evaluated by Cohen and Grest, provided that experimentally obtained parameters were used for the calculations. The comparison between nonequilibrium measurements at isochronous heating and model calculations in the framework of bimolecular reaction kinetics shows that good agreement can be achieved using thermodynamic parameters that have been obtained from equilibrium measurements. However, systematic deviations indicate also the limitations of the model that are related to the intrinsic dynamic heterogeneity of the vitreous state. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371991
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of Pd40Ni40P20 in the glassy, liquid, and crystalline states (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 397-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bulk specimens of the easy glass-forming alloy Pd40Ni40P20 have been undercooled consistently into the glassy state at cooling rates as low as 10 K/min applying the melt-fluxing technique in boron trioxide. Due to this low cooling rate, heat capacity measurements could be performed in a commercial heat-flow differential calorimeter, covering for the first time the entire undercooling regime of a liquid metal from the melting temperature down to the glass transition temperature. Based on the measured specific heat data of the undercooled liquid and the crystalline state, the differences in the thermodynamic functions enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy are determined in dependence on temperature. The entropy balance yields a value of T0=500±5 K for the ideal glass transition temperature of this metallic system. The experimental values are compared to the corresponding thermodynamic functions, derived from commonly applied Gibbs free energy approximations for the undercooled liquid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific heat capacity of undercooled magnetic melts (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2953-2955 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The specific heat capacities of (Co, Ni, Fe)–Pd alloys were determined in the crystalline and metastable undercooled liquid state using differential heat flow calorimetry. Applying the melt fluxing technique, the liquid alloys were undercooled by more than 330 K below their respective liquidus temperatures. For Co100−xPdx (x=20 and 25 at. %) the undercooled liquid approached the temperature regime of the ferromagnetic crystalline phase. The heat capacity of the liquid samples as a function of temperature shows a cusplike rise in the vicinity of the Curie temperature of the solid state. For (Fe, Ni)–Pd alloys, where the Curie temperatures are far below the crystallization temperatures achieved in undercooling experiments, an almost constant specific heat at the same levels of undercooling is observed. These results, together with recent magnetization measurements, indicate the existence of a magnetic phase transition in the undercooled liquid state of the Co–Pd alloys. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116366
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant resistance in some wild wheats to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 259 accessions of wild Triticum species originating from different countries, along with 91 triticale (6×)× bread wheat true-breeding derivatives, two bread wheat, and three triticale cultivars were screened for resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, a serious insect pest of the wheat crop. Twenty-four entries with low damage ratings on the basis of amount of leaf rolling and leaf chlorosis were retested along with resistant and susceptible controls. On the basis of leaf roll damage ratings, eight entries including four Triticum monococcum var. boeoticum (T. boeoticum), one T. monococcum var. monococcum (T. monococcum), two T. timopheevii var. araraticum (T. araraticum), and one triticale cultivar were significantly superior to ‘Karl’ (susceptible control) wheat. Among these, four accessions — three T. boeoticum and one T. araraticum— were significantly superior to all other entries and were equal to the resistant control (PI 372129) in resistance rating based on leaf rolling and leaf chlorosis (except T. boeoticum TA 202). The leaf chlorosis damage rating of all accessions were significantly lower than that of the susceptible check.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00854.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and spatial variation in a prairie stream-fish assemblage (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – Stream-fish assemblage and environmental data for 13 sites in the upper Brazos River, Texas, USA during 1997 and 1998 were used to assess the relationship between environmental conditions, and seasonal and spatial variation in fish species abundance and distribution patterns. There was considerable spatial variation in environmental conditions among sites. Spatial variation in species diversity and species composition was related to variation in conductance (salinity), depth and current velocity among sites and streams. Species diversity increased downstream and species composition shifted from primarily cyprinodontids upstream to cyprinids downstream. Among all dominant species, spatial components of variation in fish abundance were greater than seasonal components, suggesting that assemblage structure is determined more by average or persistent differences in environmental conditions among sites than by seasonal variation in environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00005.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variation in intergrade pupfish populations from the Pecos River, Texas, U.S.A. (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 50 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the early 1980s, sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegates was introduced into the Pecos River, Texas, U.S.A. where it hybridized with the endemic Pecos pupfish C. pecosensis. By 1985, pupfish populations throughout approximately 300 km of the river consisted exclusively of individuals of hybrid origin (intergrades). There was significant (P 〈0·05) geographic variation in most morphological characters; the general pattern of variation was of a bidirectional cline centred near Pecos, Texas. At that site, morphology of intergrade populations resembled mostly that of the introduced species. Upstream and downstream from Pecos, morphology shifted progressively toward that typical of the native form. Intergrade populations were morphologically intermediate to the parental forms, showed a rapid approach to random assortment of characters, and generally exhibited greater morphological variability than occurred in either parent species. These observations and the consistent lack of bimodality in frequency distributions of a morphological hybrid index support the contention that intergrade populations comprise panmictic admixtures of C. variegates and C. pecosensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01947.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate-related and morphoedaphic correlates of growth in white bass (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Length at age 1, 2 and 3 white bass Morone chrysops in 54 Texas, U.S.A., reservoirs was related significantly to longitude and log10(TDS) (total dissolved solids). Length at age 1 also was related to morphoedaphic index (MEI), mean depth, and length of growing season. Quadratic models for latitude and growing season explained 19–24% (latitude) and 24–34% (growing season length) of the variation in length of white bass. Length of all age classes was unrelated to reservoir age, maximum depth, and surface area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02264.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of immunofluorescent staining of lymphocytes with antisera to IgM immunoglobulins (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 652-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Various means have been devised to prove this point primarily by using high resolution optical devices5 or specific antisera6. Although antisera to IgM immunoglobulins bind specifically to structures on the surface of lymphocytes, in only two cases to our knowledge have IgM immunoglobulins been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/251652a0
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