ALBERT

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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of Esters of the Windaus Keto Acid by Sodium Borohydride (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 30 (1965), S. 1513-1517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01016a042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction. Synthesis of Diterpenoid Acids. V. Insertion of Two Quaternary Methyl Groups (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 33 (1968), S. 4314-4314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01275a605
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borohydride Reductions of 8-Oxodecahydronaphthoic Acids and Esters1 (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 27 (1962), S. 3796-3802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Stereochemistry of Reduction of Cholestanone by Complex Metal Hydrides (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 27 (1962), S. 3803-3808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a012
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stereochemistry of reduction by complex metal hydrides (1960)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 16 (1960), S. 516-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die gegenwärtig akzeptierte Theorie des Mechanismus der Reduktion von Ketonen mit Metallhydriden wird diskutiert. Verschiedene Unstimmigkeiten werden aufgezeigt, und ein neuer Mechanismus wird vorgeschlagen, der mit den experimentellen Befunden besser übereinstimmt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02158378
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical models to approximate calcium and magnesium ameliorative effects and genetic differences in aluminium tolerance in wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 144 (1992), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; aluminium tolerance ; calcium ; magnesium ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The activities of inorganic, monomeric aluminium (Al) species in the root environment are important in the toxicity of Al to plant roots, which may be ameliorated by increased activities of basic cations. Additionally, it has been suggested that electro-chemical processes in walls of root cells play a role in Al tolerance. Empirical models were proposed to accomodate genetic and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ameliorative effects on Al toxicity. The models were tested using data from a solution culture study (with ionic strength 1.6 to 8.6 mM) in which wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Warigal (Al-sensitive) and Waalt (Al-tolerant) were grown for 28 d at 0, 10 and 20 μM Al, in factorial combination with 200, 400, 800 and 1600 μM Ca and 100, 200, 400 and 800 μM Mg. There was a poor relationship between relative total dry mass (TDM) (calculated as a percentage of the average TDM of each cultivar in the absence of added Al) and the activity of Al3+ or the sum of the activities of the monomeric Al species in solution. A model based on the ratios of activities of cations in solution, taking valency into consideration, was more successful, accounting for ca 85% of the observed variation in relative TDM. There were no systematic variations between observed values and those estimated by the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012886
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of various metal ions on growth of two wheat lines known to differ in aluminium tolerance (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; analog ; boron ; copper ; gallium ; iron ; lanthanum ; manganese ; scandium ; tolerance ; Triticum aestivum ; toxicity ; wheat ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), scandium (Sc) and lanthanum (La) on growth of an Al-tolerant and an Al-sensitive line of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were measured in solution culture. The concentrations of nutrients in the basal nutrient solution were (μM) 500 Ca, 100 Mg, 300 K, 600 N (150 NH4, 450 NO3), 600 SO4, 2.5 P, 3 B, 2.5 Fe, 0.5 Zn, 0.5 Mn, 0.1 Cu at a pH of 4.7. The major solution nutrient concentrations were maintained at the nominal concentration with monitoring, frequent additions and weekly renewal. Differentiation in yield between the Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive line only occurred in the presence of Al indicating that, in the long term, none of the other metals tested could be used as an analog for Al. The visual symptoms in the roots of Cu toxicity (in both lines) and Al toxicity (in the sensitive line) were similar. The solution concentration (μM) at which yield of the roots of the tolerant line was reduced by 50% was, in order of increasing tolerance, Cu 0.5, Sc 1.1, La 7.1, Ga 8.6, Al 15, Zn 19, Fe 84, B 490 and Mn 600.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025090
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aluminium on yield and plant chemical concentrations of some temperate legumes (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 133-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adesmia ; aluminium ; Dorycnium ; Lotus ; Medicago ; Melilotus ; temperate legumes ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aluminium (Al) tolerance of 34 temperate legume species (143 genotypes, including 57 from Trifolium repens) was determined in 60 experiments over a 3 year period in a low ionic strength (2.7 × 10-3 M) solution culture. For each genotype, the relationship between solution Al3+ activity (μM) and relative yield was determined and the Al3+ activity associated with a 50% reduction in yield (AlRY50) calculated. In addition, plant chemical concentrations were determined in at least one genotype from most species. For white clover, AlRY50 over all genotypes had an approximately normal distribution with mean of 1.31 μM for the tops and 1.51 μM for the roots, and a standard deviation of about 0.4. This suggested that Al tolerance had a polygenic inheritance. For the other species tested, AlRY50 ranged from 0.15 to 4.53 μM in the tops and from 0.21 to 4.89 μM in the roots. In the tops and roots, 37% and 26% respectively of the genotypes had an AlRY50 less than 1 μM, including all species tested in the genera Melilotus and Medicago. Only 8% or 23% of the genotypes, based on the tops and roots respectively, had an AlRY50 greater than 2, including all genotypes in the species Lotus pedunculatus. Except for Lotus, there were no consistent differences between genera in plant chemical concentrations. In Lotus, concentrations of Ca, Zn, Mn and Cu in the tops and of all elements except B in the roots were lower than that of the other species. The AlRY50 of the species was not related to plant chemical concentrations in the absence of Al. Depending on the plant element, increasing solution Al concentrations had no significant effect on plant chemical concentrations for 56–94% of the species. When a significant effect did occur, increasing Al in solution generally decreased S and K concentrations and increased Mn, Zn, Cu Fe, B and Al concentrations in the tops and roots and decreased Ca concentrations in the tops. Plant P concentrations decreased in the tops but increased in the roots. Increasing Al in solution increase plant Al at the average rate of 44 μg g-1 μM -1 (range 20–87) in the tops and 333 μg μM -1 (range 162–616) in the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155525
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of techniques for determining the effect of aluminium on the growth of, and the inheritance of aluminium tolerance in wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 146 (1992), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; genetics ; inheritance ; toxicity ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Al on the growth of plants derived from the F3 generation of a cross between Al tolerant (Waalt) and Al sensitive (Warigal) wheat cultivars, grown in low ionic strength nutrient solutions, were assessed by a number of methods viz; root length and haematoxylin stain after 3 days exposure to Al and plant top and root yields, and root length and visual assessment for Al damage after 4 weeks growth. Of these methods haematoxylin stain (3 days) and visual assessment at 4 weeks identified the same plants as being sensitive or tolerant to Al and clearly segregated the 2 populations. Consequently these 2 methods were used as ‘standard’ techniques to determine the ability of the other methods to distinguish between tolerant and sensitive plants. The ratio of plant top: root yields clearly segregated the 2 populations. The 2 populations could not be clearly distinguished based on plant top or root yields, or on root length either after 3 days or 4 weeks exposure to Al. Within the population of tolerant plants, root length was significantly correlated with root weight (r2=0.86) and top weight (r2=0.71). None of these relationships were significant for the population of sensitive plants. These techniques were applied in a number of separate experiments on the F2 and F3 populations from a Waalt × Warigal cross. The results indicate that Al tolerance in wheat is inherited by a single gene and that this gene has incomplete dominance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011989
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening perennial rye-grass from New Zealand for aluminium tolerance (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 146 (1992), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium tolerance ; breeding ; heritability ; Lolium perenne L. ; perennial rye-grass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Approximately 11,500 seedlings from 510 lines of perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.) were screened for tolerance to aluminium (Al) using a low ionic strength ‘still’ solution culture technique. Although none of the individual lines were consistently more tolerant than any other line, 23 individual plants were selected from 13 lines for superior vigour and colour in the presence of Al. The growth of three of these elite plants was examined on a reconstructed acid soil profile protected from prevailing weather conditions allowing control of the moisture status of the soil. The plants selected for Al tolerance in solution culture had significantly higher yields before drought and after recovery from drought than the rye-grass cultivars Ariki, Ellett and Droughtmaster and 4 other hill country lines which were previously selected for high yields in the presence and absence of nitrogen, and for drought and grassgrub resistance. Of the total number of plants tested from all cultivars and lines, 〈2% had yields that were greater than one third of the yields of the 3 Al tolerant plants. The better performance of the Al tolerant plants is attributed to better root growth in the acid soil. Three polycrosses were made from the 23 Al tolerant plants selected in solution culture. When tested in solution culture, the yields of the half-sib families in the presence of Al averaged approximately twice that of Grasslands Nui in one experiment, but were similar to Grasslands Nui in another. Heritability of total yield and relative yield in the presence of Al, calculated from half-sib measurements on a single replicate basis, averaged 0.33 and 0.24 respectively. Individual plants from the half-sib families from two polycrosses were grown in a nursery and heading date and vigour recorded. There were no significant differences in heading data between the polycross lines and either of the cultivars Grasslands Nui or Yatsyn. Although there were significant differences in spring vigour between lines, they were not significantly different from either Grasslands Nui or Yatsyn. Twelve of the polycross lines showed decreased vigour in summer and autumn. This decline in vigour was attributed to damage from Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) as a consequence of low levels of lolium endophyte (Acremonoim lolii).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011990
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