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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2690-2692 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two magnetically insulated gas-puff diodes were tested. In one design the plasma source was a fast inductive coil; in the other a coaxial gun created the plasma. The plasma current density from both sources, as well as the accelerated beam from each, was comparable to the Child–Langmuir limit of ∼10 A/cm2.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3533-3536 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fiber extrusion system is described that produces frozen fibers of almost any condensible gas. This extruder has the advantage of employing a closed-refrigeration system. To date, this system has produced fibers of H2, D2, and Ne of a diameter ranging from 100 to 130 μm. The extrusion occurs at a specific temperature which is several degrees below the triple point of these gases. Once the fiber is extruded it can survive in vacuum for 20 min if the nozzle (extrusion) temperature is lowered to 8 K. The length of these fibers can be of the order of 1 m. D2 fibers will be used in a staged Z-pinch experiment as a fuel for thermonuclear fusion. For this application a guiding structure is needed to position the fiber between the electrodes with millimeter precision, without significantly affecting its quality. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 170-177 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed a multipulse laser system to measure nanosecond time scale, plasma-density gradients by moiré deflectometry. The complete system consists of four, transverse-excited, atmospheric pressure (TEA) N2 laser oscillators and two low-pressure N2 laser amplifiers; two oscillator pulses are injected into a single amplifier. The amplified pulses are less than 1 ns in duration, with a variable, interpulse time of 4–10 ns. As described here, two TEA oscillators and a single amplifier were used to image air-density gradients in an expanding, air-shock wave produced by a spark discharge. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3410-3415 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe experiments for a neon tandem-puff Z pinch modified with a small-diameter, high-Z wire target (i.e., pinch-on-wire). The radiative yield for photon energies in the range of 1–100 keV is measured. With a copper-wire target the integral yield (J) between 0.9 and 1.5 keV increases by a factor of 1.5 compared to the pinch without a target; the yield is unchanged or slightly increased for higher-Z wires. The high-energy integral yield, above 6 keV, increases by a factor of 2 or more with a copper target and as much as a factor of 5 with a tungsten target. This behavior cannot be accounted for by simple hydrodynamic compression of a hot plasma and suggests yield enhancement by a nonthermal mechanism. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 3831-3844 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Controlled, ultrahigh axial magnetic fields have been produced and measured in a gas-puff Z pinch. A 0.5-MA, 2-cm-radius annular gas-puff Z pinch with a 3-min repetition rate was imploded radially onto an axial seed field, causing the field to compress. Axial magnetic field compressions up to 180 and peak magnetic fields up to 1.6 MG were measured. Faraday rotation of an Argon laser (5154 A(ring)) in a quartz fiber on-axis was the principal magnetic field diagnostic. Other diagnostics included a nitrogen laser interferometer, x-ray diodes, and magnetic field probes. The magnetic field compression results are consistent with simple snowplow and self-similar analytic models, which are presented here. Even small axial fields help stabilize the pinches, some of which exhibit several stable radial bounces during a current pulse. The method of compressing axial fields in a gas-puff Z pinch is extrapolable to the order of 100 MG. Scaling laws are presented. Potential applications of ultrahigh axial fields in Z pinches are discussed for x-ray lasers, inertial confinement fusion, gamma-ray generators, and atomic physics studies.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Propagation of a charge-neutralized ion beam, in a transverse magnetic field (Bz 〈400 G) and in a magnetized plasma, has been studied. Measurements indicate that the beam propagation mechanism is due to the E×B drift in the region of high β (1〈β〈400), where β is the ratio of beam kinetic energy to transverse magnetic field energy. Diamagnetic measurements, both internal and external to the propagating beam, confirm the fast diffusion of Bz into the beam on a time scale much shorter than the beam rise time of 10−7 s. When the beam is injected into a magnetized plasma the electric field is shorted to a degree that increases with increasing background plasma density. When the plasma density reaches 1013/cm3 (∼200×the beam density) complete shorting occurs and the beam is deflected by the transverse magnetic field.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2246-2249 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A magneto-optic Faraday rotation diagnostic was implemented on a Z-pinch driven flux-compression generator to measure line-averaged, megagauss, axial-magnetic fields up to 1.6 MG with rise times of 30 kG/ns. The axial-magnetic field rotated the plane of polarization of a 2-W argon laser beam in a 0.725-mm-diam, fused silica quartz fiber mounted coaxial with the Z pinch. The rapid rise time and the high radiation environment presented by the Z-pinch plasma caused a high-pressure impulse 〈100 kbar, to be coupled into the quartz-fiber probe disrupting the polarization-preserving properties of the fiber. The time scale for disruption was characteristic of a shock propagating radially through the fiber to its core. This paper will describe the response of the Faraday diagnostic under these conditions and present a simple model that describes the effects of fiber depolarization that is consistent with previous observations of stress-induced depolarization in optical fibers.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 565-567 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A gas-puff magnetically insulated ion diode is under development as a pulsed source of high-energy alpha particles for magnetic fusion experiments. The diode is patterned after the Cornell gas-puff diode [J. B. Greenly, M. Ueda, G. D. Rondeau, and D. A. Hammer, J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1872 (1988)], but with modifications to accomodate higher voltages (〈1 MeV) and operation in helium. The diode is designed to yield current densities approaching 200 A/cm2 one meter downstream from the source; in our first test of the new source, a helium beam was obtained.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1467-1473 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Beams of neutralized plasma will cross a transverse magnetic field, magnetized plasma, and neutral gas, by a combination of single particle and collective-plasma processes. At low density the beam will deflect; at higher density the beam will exhibit undeflected motion by the E×B drift or diamagnetic (high-beta) exclusion of the magnetic field. In the high-beta regime, where β〉1 (β is the ratio of plasma-beam energy density to magnetic field energy density), beam magnetization occurs on a time scale orders of magnitude faster than the classical Spitzer time scale. Recent studies of fast magnetization suggest that transport processes in large ion gyroradius beams, y/ρi〈1, are dominated by ion motion rather than electron motion as previously understood for small gyroradius beams, y/ρi〉1, where y and ρi are the beam transverse width and ion gyroradius, respectively. Although quantitative aspects of the small gyroradius propagation physics theory are still valid, most notably the E×B drift, much work remains to fully understand fast magnetic diffusion processes, beam-trapping mechanisms, and long-range propagation limits.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 2482-2486 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization of a high-beta (plasma energy density/magnetic field energy density≡β≥1) hydrogen-plasma beam injected into a vacuum transverse magnetic field is studied experimentally. Nominal parameters were Ti≈1 eV, Te≈5 eV, n≤3×1013 cm−3, vi≤7×106 cm/sec, tpulse〈70 μsec, Bz≤300 G. Plasma characteristics were measured for a wide beam, a/ρi≤35, and a downstream distance, x≤300ρi, where a is the beam radius, x is the downstream distance, and ρi is the ion gyroradius. A brief initial state of diamagnetic propagation is observed, followed by E×B (magnetized) propagation; E×B propagation is accompanied by beam compression transverse to B with as much as a factor of 4 increase in density and a slight drift of the beam in the ion Lorentz force direction. For Bz=200–300 G the observed magnetization time is much faster than calculated from classical Spitzer conductivity and is more of the order of the magnetization time based on Hall conductivity.
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