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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 14 (1981), S. 163-175 
    ISSN: 0162-0134
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1977-06-01
    Description: SUMMARYA radiographic study was made of the skeletons of 216 Suffolk x (Finnish Landrace x Polled Dorset Horn) sheep foetuses of known gestational age within the range 50–145 days. They comprised 10 singles, 42 twins, 105 triplets, 44 quadruplets and 15 quintuplets.The ages at which the primary and secondary centres of ossification first appeared are presented together with a description of the normal pattern of skeletal development. Attention is drawn to the variations which are found from one foetus to another. The main anatomical features of ovine foetal bone development are illustrated by line drawings and charts.By anatomical grouping the number of ossification centres was reduced to 80, including 40 primary and 40 secondary centres. Scores were obtained for each foetus by taking the numbers of primary and secondary centres that were present as percentages of the possible totals. The primary score was linearly related to foetal age up to about 100 days, and the secondary score was linearly related to foetal age beyond about 100 days. The relationships to foetal weight were similar but less close.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-12-01
    Description: SUMMARYRadiological examinations were carried out on ten sheep to see what changes in intestinal motility and flow of digesta were caused by intestinal cannulation. Barium sulphate was injected or infused into the abomasum via an implanted catheter; its passage through the intestine and associated muscular contractions were observed using X-ray image intensification. Once the normal pattern had been established for each individual, single or re-entrant cannulae were inserted into one of four positions in the small intestine.All the cannulations caused some disruption of the normal flow of digesta, causing retention of digesta and distension of the intestine around and proximal to the intraluminal flanges of the cannulae. The duodenum was affected the most, particularly by one type of re-entrant cannula which reduced the degree of jejunal filling; peristaltic contractions often failed to propagate beyond these cannulae and also caused some retrograde movement of digesta between the cannulation site and the duodenal bulb during the irregular contraction phase (ICP) of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). These re-entrant cannulae also impaired the clearing effect of regular contraction phase (RCP).
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1973-02-01
    Description: SummaryThe skeletons of 34 pigs killed at a number of weights from birth to 120 kg were examined radiographically. Data were also used from radiographs of 83 foetuses of different ages.Estimates were made of the age of appearance of various ossification centres and measurements taken of the diaphyseal length and breadth. A chart is given showing the age of appearance of ossification centres. Exponential equations in which the independent variate was time were fitted to both pre- and post-natal linear measurements. These equations were used to calculate the age at which each of the measurements attained a given proportion of the post-natal asymptote. The development of the pig's skeleton is discussed in relation to that of other species. Attention is drawn to the possibility that the uncritical use of accepted terminology such as early and late maturing may tend to obscure an understanding of the manner in which certain components of the skeleton develop.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1977-10-01
    Description: SummaryMeasurements of 21 bone lengths and breadths were made on radiographs of 215 foetuses of known gestational ages ranging from 50 to 145 days obtained from 80 Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes. Number of foetuses per ewe varied from 1 to 5, but the main statistical analyses were based on the 22 sets of twins, 34 of triplets and 11 of quadruplets. Equations were fitted to relate each of the linear measurements to foetal weight alone, to foetal age alone, to foetal age together with number of foetuses, and to foetal age together with foetal weight. It was found that there were significant differences between the twins, triplets, and quadruplets in the lengths their bones attained at any specified weight or at any specified age but not when both weight and age were fixed. The relationships to weight and age jointly were significantly closer than to either of them alone even after allowing for number of foetuses. The mathematical model that fitted best was a modified Gompertz equation of the formwhere ywas the measured length, w was the number of days prior to expected parturition, w was foetal weight, wu was an estimate of the expected foetal weight at time u, and P, Q, R and Dwere fitted constants.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1973-06-01
    Description: SummaryRadiographs were taken, of the medially sectioned half heads and flesh-free mandibles of 32 pigs serially slaughtered between birth and 120 kg live weight. From these radiographs, measurements were taken of the length of the skull, the depth of the cranium, the length and depth of the brain cavity, and five separate measurements of the mandible. Observations were made of the changes in configuration of the skull as a whole including sinuses. The patterns of development and eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth were examined. It is suggested that the elongation of the mandible and the maxilla necessary to accommodate the full permanent dentition, together with the increasing size of the frontal sinuses, has an important influence on the shape of the skull as a whole. The results are discussed in relation to other published descriptions of the chronological development of the teeth.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1969-01-01
    Description: SUMMARYA radiographic study was made of the skeleton of eighty-three foetuses from twenty-four litters killed between the 37th and 112th day of gestation. Measurements were taken, from radiographs, of the length and depth of the skull and the length of the diaphyses of the humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpus, ilium, ischium, femur, tibia, fibula, calcaneum and metatarsus. Skull length, humerus and metatarsus were selected for statistical analysis. The litter mean lengths of the diaphyses were studied in relation to age, weight, and age and weight jointly. Within-litter differences in bone measure-ments were closely associated with foetal weight differences.The relationships of litter mean log. lengths of the skull, humerus and metatarsus upon age were best fitted by a quadratic regression, and with mean log. foetal weight by linear function regressions. A joint regression incorporating both age and weight of the foetuses fitted the data significantly better than equations based on weight or age alone. Skull length was found to have a growth coefficient between the 51st and 112th day of gestation significantly lower than that of the other bones examined. The age at which the primary and secondary ossification centres appear was studied.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1972-04-01
    Description: SUMMARYDuring the period 1968–71, 417 ewes of various breeds were radiographed for pregnancy diagnosis during the period 60–95 days of gestation.Pregnancy per se was diagnosed by observing the presence or absence of a definite uterine outline with accuracies of 77, 97 and 100% of the period 60–70, 71–80 and 81 + days of gestation. During the periods 60–70, 71–80, 81–90 and 91 + days of gestation foetal numbers were diagnosed with an accuracy of 88, 94, 99 and 99 % respectively. Breed, size of ewe and number of foetuses carried did not affect the accuracy of diagnosis.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1981-02-01
    Description: SUMMARYObservations were made on high resolution radiographs of foetal sheep, from ewes slaughtered at 7-day intervals from 34 to 55 days after mating, to examine the onset of ossification of some of the major components of the axial and appendicular skeleton. There were 83 foetuses measured, retrieved from 24 Finnish Landrace × Polled Dorset Horn ewes mated to Suffolk rams. The litters comprised five sets of twins, eight of triplets, seven of quadruplets, three of quintuplets and one set of sextuplets.Half of the ewes were subjected to a 50% reduction in food on the 28th day of gestation, but this was considered not to have affected skeletal growth and development.There were major changes in skeletal mineralization from one slaughter date to the next, particularly between 34 days, when no skeletal elements were detectable, and 41 days, when components of the skull, thorax, fore and hindlimbs were clearly seen. There were some differences in the number of primary centres present both within and between litters of the same gestational age. The mineralized shaft of the fibula was seen in 30/35 of the foetuses at 41 days, but only in 9/25 at 55 days; other transient centres were also observed.Changes in the linear dimensions of six limb bones were measured and the mean values are presented in tabular form.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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