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  • 1
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    Methane and Ethane Steam Reforming over MgAl2O4-Supported Rh and Ir Catalysts: Catalytic Implications for Natural Gas Reforming Application (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-25
    Description: Solar concentrators employed in conjunction with highly efficient micro- and meso-channel reactors offer the potential for cost-effective upgrading of the energy content of natural gas, providing a near-term path towards a future solar-fuel economy with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. To fully exploit the heat and mass transfer advantages offered by micro- and meso-channel reactors, highly active and stable natural gas steam reforming catalysts are required. In this paper, we report the catalytic performance of MgAl2O4-supported Rh (5 wt.%), Ir (5 wt.%), and Ni (15 wt.%) catalysts used for steam reforming of natural gas. Both Rh- and Ir-based catalysts are known to be more active and durable than conventional Ni-based formulations, and recently Ir has been reported to be more active than Rh for methane steam reforming on a turnover basis. Thus, the effectiveness of all three metals to perform natural gas steam reforming was evaluated in this study. Here, the Rh- and Ir-supported catalysts both exhibited higher activity than Ni for steam methane reforming. However, using simulated natural gas feedstock (94.5% methane, 4.0% ethane, 1.0% propane, and 0.5% butane), the Ir catalyst was the least active (on a turnover basis) for steam reforming of higher hydrocarbons (C2+) contained in the feedstock when operated at
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4344
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Space power systems: Producing transportation (and other chemical) fuels as an alternative to electricity generation (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-5765
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2030
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Demonstration of Critical Systems for Propellant Production on Mars for Science and Exploration Missions (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A Mars hopper has been proposed as a Mars mobility concept that will also demonstrate and advance in-situ resource utilization. The components needed in a Mars propellant production plant have been developed to various levels of technology maturity, but there is little experience with the systems in a Mars environment. Two systems for the acquisition and compression of the thin carbon dioxide atmosphere were designed, assembled, and tested in a Mars environment chamber. A microchannel sorption pump system was able to raise the pressure from 7 Torr to 450 Torr or from 12 Torr to over 700 Torr in two stages. This data now provides information needed to make additional improvements in the sorption pump technology to increase performance, although a system-level analysis might prove that some amount of pre- or post-compression may be a preferred solution. A mini cryofreezer system was also evaluated as an alternative method for carbon dioxide acquisition and compression. Finally, an electrolysis system was tested and successfully demonstrated start-up operation and thermal stability of all components during long-term operation in the chamber.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: AIAA Paper 2013-0587 , 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 07, 2013 - Jan 10, 2013; Grapevine, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Microchemical and Thermal Systems for In-Situ Resource Utilization (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Process Intensification and Process Miniaturization can simultaneously be achieved through the application of microfabricated chemical process systems, based on the rapid heat and mass transport in engineered microchannels. Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) and the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are collaboratively developing micro thermal and chemical systems for NASA's Mission to Mars program. Preliminary results show that many standard chemical process components (e.g., heat exchangers, chemical reactors and chemical separations units) can be reduced in hardware volume without a corresponding reduction in chemical production rates. Low pressure drops and improved thermal integration are also accomplished when appropriate scaling rules are applied and when individual microchemical components are packaged together into integral systems.
    Keywords: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
    Type: Abstracts In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU 3) Technical Interchange Meeting: Abstracts; 35-36; LPI-Contrib-963
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Microchemical and Thermal Systems for In-Situ Resource Utilization (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Process Intensification and Process Miniaturization can simultaneously be achieved through the application of microfabricated chemical process systems, based on the rapid heat and mass transport in engineered microchannels. Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) and the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are collaboratively developing micro thermal and chemical systems for NASA's Mission to Mars program. Preliminary results show that many standard chemical process components (e.g., heat exchangers, chemical reactors and chemical separations units) can be reduced in hardware volume without a corresponding reduction in chemical production rates. Low pressure drops and improved thermal integration are also accomplished when appropriate scaling rules are applied and when individual microchemical components are packaged together into integral systems.
    Keywords: Engineering (General)
    Type: In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU 3) Technical Interchange Meeting: Abstracts; 35-36; LPI-Contrib-963
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Micro Thermal and Chemical Systems for In Situ Resource Utilization on Mars (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Robotic sample return missions and postulated human missions to Mars can be greatly aided through the development and utilization of compact chemical processing systems that process atmospheric gases and other indigenous resources to produce hydrocarbon propellants/fuels, oxygen, and other needed chemicals. When used to reduce earth launch mass, substantial cost savings can result. Process Intensification and Process Miniaturization can simultaneously be achieved through the application of microfabricated chemical process systems, based on the rapid heat and mass transport in engineered microchannels. Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) and the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are collaboratively developing micro thermal and chemical systems for NASA's Mission to Mars program. Preliminary results show that many standard chemical process components (e.g., heat exchangers, chemical reactors and chemical separations units) can be reduced in hardware volume without a corresponding reduction in chemical production rates. Low pressure drops are also achievable when appropriate scaling rules are applied. This paper will discuss current progress in the development of engineered microchemical systems for space and terrestrial applications, including fabrication methods, expected operating characteristics, and specific experimental results.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Lunar Prospecting Using Thermal Wadis and Compact Rovers (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Recent missions have confirmed the existence of water and other volatiles on the Moon, both in permanently-shadowed craters and elsewhere. Non-volatile lunar resources may represent significant additional value as infrastructure or manufacturing feedstock. Characterization of lunar resources in terms of abundance concentrations, distribution, and recoverability is limited to in-situ Apollo samples and the expanding remote-sensing database. This paper introduces an approach to lunar resource prospecting supported by a simple lunar surface infrastructure based on the Thermal Wadi concept of thermal energy storage and using compact rovers equipped with appropriate prospecting sensors and demonstration resource extraction capabilities. Thermal Wadis are engineered sources of heat and power based on the storage and retrieval of solar-thermal energy in modified lunar regolith. Because Thermal Wadis keep compact prospecting rovers warm during periods of lunar darkness, the rovers are able to survive months to years on the lunar surface rather than just weeks without being required to carry the burdensome capability to do so. The resulting lower-cost, long-lived rovers represent a potential paradigm breakthrough in extra-terrestrial prospecting productivity and will enable the production of detailed resource maps. Integrating resource processing and other technology demonstrations that are based on the content of the resource maps will inform engineering economic studies that can define the true resource potential of the Moon. Once this resource potential is understood quantitatively, humans might return to the Moon with an economically sound objective including where to go, what to do upon arrival, and what to bring along.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: NASA/TM-2012-217426 , AIAA Paper 2010-8731 , E-18115 , AIAA Space 2010; Aug 30, 2010 - Sep 02, 2010; Anaheim, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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