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  • 1
    Unknown
    Geology and Geochemistry of Abyssal Plains (1987)
    Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Palo Alto, Melbourne : Blackwell : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    Details
    Keywords: Abyssal zone ; Abysses ; Chemical oceanography ; Géologie sous-marine ; Marine sediments ; Océanographie chimique ; Submarine geology ; Sédiments marins
    Description / Table of Contents: P. P. E. Weaver, J. Thomson, and P. M. Hunter: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:vii-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.01 --- Orrin H. Pilkey: Sedimentology of basin plains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.02 --- A. Kuijpers, E. J. Th. Duin, and G. J. de Lange: Areal sedimentation rate patterns of the southern Nares Abyssal Plain, western N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:13-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.03 --- Michael T. Ledbetter and Adam Klaus: Influence of bottom currents on sediment texture and sea-floor morphology in the Argentine Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:23-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.04 --- Robert B. Kidd, Peter M. Hunter, and Robert W. Simm: Turbidity-current and debris-flow pathways to the Cape Verde Basin: status of long-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) surveys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:33-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.05 --- R. C. Searle: Regional setting and geophysical characterization of the Great Meteor East area in the Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:49-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.06 --- P. P. E. Weaver and R. G. Rothwell: Sedimentation on the Madeira Abyssal Plain over the last 300 000 years / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:71-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.07 --- S. R. J. Williams: Faulting in abyssal-plain sediments, Great Meteor East, Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.08 --- Q. J. Huggett: Mapping of hemipelagic versus turbiditic muds by feeding traces observed in deep-sea photographs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:105-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.09 --- P. J. Schultheiss and M. Noel: Evidence of pore-water advection in the Madeira Abyssal Plain from pore-pressure and temperature measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:113-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.10 --- L. E. Shephard, A. K. Rutledge, W. R. Bryant, and K. M. Moran: Geotechnical characteristics of fine-grained turbidite sequences from the Nares Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:131-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.11 --- Gert J. de Lange, Ian Jarvis, and Antoon Kuijpers: Geochemical characteristics and provenance of late Quaternary sediments from the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:147-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.12 --- J. Thomson, S. Colley, N. C. Higgs, D. J. Hydes, T. R. S. Wilson, and J. Sørensen: Geochemical oxidation fronts in NE Atlantic distal turbidites and their effects in the sedimentary record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:167-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.13 --- Ian Jarvis and Nigel Higgs: Trace-element mobility during early diagenesis in distal turbidites: late Quaternary of the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:179-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.14 --- D. Heggie, C. Maris, A. Hudson, J. Dymond, R. Beach, and J. Cullen: Organic carbon oxidation and preservation in NW Atlantic continental margin sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:215-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.15
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 246 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 0632017449
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/31/1
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbidite depositional architecture across three interconnected deep-water basins on the north-west African margin (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 49 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Moroccan Turbidite System (MTS) on the north-west African margin extends 1500 km from the head of the Agadir Canyon to the Madeira Abyssal Plain, making it one of the longest turbidite systems in the world. The MTS consists of three interconnected deep-water basins, the Seine Abyssal Plain (SAP), the Agadir Basin and the Madeira Abyssal Plain (MAP), connected by a network of distributary channels. Excellent core control has enabled individual turbidites to be correlated between all three basins, giving a detailed insight into the turbidite depositional architecture of a system with multiple source areas and complex morphology. Large-volume (〉 100 km3) turbidites, sourced from the Morocco Shelf, show a relatively simple architecture in the Madeira and Seine Abyssal Plains. Sandy bases form distinct lobes or wedges that thin rapidly away from the basin margin and are overlain by ponded basin-wide muds. However, in the Agadir Basin, the turbidite fill is more complex owing to a combination of multiple source areas and large variations in turbidite volume. A single, very large turbidity current (200–300 km3 of sediment) deposited most of its sandy load within the Agadir Basin, but still had sufficient energy to carry most of the mud fraction 500 km further downslope to the MAP. Large turbidity currents (100–150 km3 of sediment) deposit most of their sand and mud fraction within the Agadir Basin, but also transport some of their load westwards to the MAP. Small turbidity currents (〈 35 km3 of sediment) are wholly confined within the Agadir Basin, and their deposits pinch out on the basin floor. Turbidity currents flowing beyond the Agadir Basin pass through a large distributary channel system. Individual turbidites correlated across this channel system show major variations in the mineralogy of the sand fraction, whereas the geochemistry and micropalaeontology of the mud fraction remain very similar. This is interpreted as evidence for separation of the flow, with a sand-rich, erosive, basal layer confined within the channel system, overlain by an unconfined layer of suspended mud. Large-volume turbidites within the MTS were deposited at oxygen isotope stage boundaries, during periods of rapid sea-level change and do not appear to be specifically connected to sea-level lowstands or highstands. This contrasts with the classic fan model, which suggests that most turbidites are deposited during lowstands of sea level. In addition, the three largest turbidites on the MAP were deposited during the largest fluctuations in sea level, suggesting a link between the volume of sediment input and the magnitude of sea-level change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00471.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep-water sediment wave fields, bottom current sand channels and gravity flow channel-lobe systems: Gulf of Cadiz, NE Atlantic (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A study of the seafloor of the Gulf of Cadiz west of the Strait of Gibraltar, using an integrated geophysical and sedimentological data set, gives new insights into sediment deposition from downslope thermohaline bottom currents. In this area, the Mediterranean Outflow (MO) begins to mix with North Atlantic waters and separates into alongslope geostrophic and downslope ageostrophic components. Changes in bedform morphology across the study area indicate a decrease in the peak velocity of the MO from 〉1 m s−1 to 〈0·5 m s−1. The associated sediment waves form a continuum from sand waves to muddy sand waves to mud waves. A series of downslope-oriented channels, formed by the MO, are found where the MO starts to descend the continental slope at a water depth of ≈700 m. These channels are up to 40 km long, have gradients of 〈0·5°, a fairly constant width of ≈2 km and a depth of ≈75 m. Sand waves move down the channels that have mud wave-covered levees similar to those seen in turbidite channel–levee systems, although the channel size and levee thickness do not decrease downslope as in typical turbidite channel systems. The channels terminate abruptly where the MO lifts off the seafloor. Gravity flow channels with lobes on the basin floor exist downslope from several of the bottom current channels. Each gravity flow system has a narrow, slightly sinuous channel, up to 20 m deep, feeding a depositional lobe up to 7 km long. Cores from the lobes recovered up to 8·5 m of massive, well-sorted, fine sand, with occasional mud clasts. This work provides an insight into the complex facies patterns associated with strong bottom currents and highlights key differences between bottom current and gravity flow channel–levee systems. The distribution of sand within these systems is of particular interest, with applications in understanding the architecture of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in continental slope settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00561.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continental margin sedimentation, with special reference to the north-east Atlantic margin (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The north-east Atlantic continental margin displays a wide range of sediment transport systems with both along-slope and down-slope processes. Off most of the north-west African margin, south of 26°N, upwelling produces elevated accumulation rates, although there is little fluvial input. This area is subject to infrequent but large-scale mass movements, giving rise to debris flows and turbidity currents. The turbidity currents traverse the slope and deposit thick layers on the abyssal plains, while debris flows deposit on the continental slope and rise. From the Atlas Mountains northwards to 56°N, the margin is less prone to mass movements, but is cut by a large number of canyons, which also funnel turbidity currents to the abyssal plains. The presence of a lithospheric plate boundary off SW Iberia is believed to have led to high rates of sediment transport to the deep sea. Even larger quantities of coarse sediments have fed the canyons and abyssal plains in the Bay of Biscay as a result of drainage from melting icecaps. Bottom currents have built sediment waves off the African and Iberian margins, and created erosional furrows south of the Canaries. The Mediterranean outflow is a particularly strong bottom current near the Straits of Gibraltar, depositing sand waves and mud waves in the Gulf of Cadiz. North of 56°N, the margin is heavily influenced by glacial and glaciomarine processes active during glacial times, which built glacial trough-mouth fans, such as the North Sea Fan, and left iceberg scour marks on the upper slope and shelf. Over a long period, especially during interglacials, this part of the margin has been greatly affected by along-slope currents, with less effect by turbidity currents than on the lower latitude margins. Large-scale mass movements are again a prominent feature, particularly off Norway and the Faeroes. Some of these mass movements have occurred during the Holocene, although high glacial sedimentation rates may have contributed to the instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.0470s1239.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentary processes in the Selvage sediment-wave field, NE Atlantic: new insights into the formation of sediment waves by turbidity currents (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: An integrated geophysical and sedimentological investigation of the Selvage sediment-wave field has revealed that the sediment waves are formed beneath unconfined turbidity currents. The sediment waves occur on the lower continental rise and display wavelengths of up to 1 km and wave heights of up to 6 m. Wave sediments consist of interbedded turbidites and pelagic/hemipelagic marls and oozes. Nannofossil-based dating of the sediments indicates a bulk sedimentation rate of 2·4 cm 1000 years–1, and the waves are migrating upslope at a rate of 0·28 m 1000 years–1. Sediment provenance studies reveal that the turbidity currents maintaining the waves are largely sourced from volcanic islands to the south. Investigation of existing models for sediment-wave formation leads to the conclusion that the Selvage sediment waves form as giant antidunes. Simple numerical modelling reveals that turbidity currents crossing the wave field have internal Froude numbers of 0·5–1·9, which is very close to the antidune existence limits. Depositional flow velocities range from 〈6 to 125 cm–1. There is a rapid increase in wavelength and flow thickness in the upper 10 km of the wave field, which is unexpected, as the slope angle remains relatively constant. This anomaly is possibly linked to a topographic obstacle just upslope of the sediment waves. Flows passing over the obstacle may undergo a hydraulic jump at its boundary, leading to an increase in flow thickness. In the lower 15 km of the wave field, flow thickness decreases downslope by 60%, which is comparable with results obtained for other unconfined turbidity currents undergoing flow expansion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00348.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uneven depths in marine geology (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 297 (1982), S. 521-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE the inception of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, which has played a major role in providing data from previously unsampled horizons in both sediments and the basaltic basement, marine geology has emerged from infancy and into an exciting period of discovery. More recent work using manned ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297521a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep sea turbidites from the northwest African continental margin (1985)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 38 (1985), S. 147-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lithologische und mikropaläontologische Daten von Kolbenlotkernen und Aufzeichnungen eines 3,5-kHz-Sedimentecholotes zeigen, daß auf der Madeira Tiefsee-Ebene Turbidite weit verbreitet sind. Die laterale Ausdehnung der größeren feinkörnigen (tonig-siltigen) Turbidite beträgt mindestens 300 km, wobei im Einzelfall Mächtigkeiten bis zu 5 bis 6 m erreicht werden. Während der letzten 200 000 Jahre gab es sechs kurze Abschnitte, in denen Suspensionsströme größeren Ausmaßes auftraten. Sie fallen mit Perioden erheblicher Meeresspiegeländerungen zusammen. Während einer solchen Periode waren die Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung größerer Suspensionsströme offensichtlich nur auf kurze Zeitspannen von wenigen Jahrzehnten beschränkt. Herkunftsgebiete der Turbidite sind der nordwestafrikanische Kontinentalrand nördlich 20° N und die Unterwasserhänge von Madeira und den Kanarischen Inseln. Instabilitäten in den Hangbereichen der Entstehungsgebiete verursachten hangabwärts gerichtete Sedimentbewegungen, die lediglich die Oberflächensedimente erfaßten. Eine extrem große Massenbewegung erfolgte am Ende des letzten Glazials, wobei sich diese Prozesse bis zur Grenze unterer Kontinentalabhang/Tiefsee-Ebene auf ungefähr 24° W ausbreiteten. Ein Herkunftsgebiet, das südlich 20° N und mehr als 1400 km im Süden liegt, muß für einen kleinen Turbidit angenommen werden, der zu Beginn des Holozän abgelagert wurde. Ein Sedimenttransport, der über eine so große Entfernung vorwiegend hangparallel erfolgt, ist höchstwahrscheinlich eine Folge verstärkter „Contour currents”.
    Abstract: Résumé Des prélèvements lithologiques et micropaléontologiques au carottier à piston, de même que des enregistrements sur 3,5 kHz, montrent que les turbidites sont largement étendues sur la plaine abyssale de Madère. La continuité latérale des turbidites à granulation fine (argile-vase) est au moins de 300 km avec des turbidites particulières pouvant atteindre 5 à 6 m d'épaisseur. Au cours des 200 000 dernières années, ont eu lieu six cas d'activité de courant de turbidité à grande échelle; ceux-ci coincident avec des périodes de montée ou de baisse significatives des eaux. Au cours de telles périodes les conditions d'activité de courant de turbidité à grande échelle sont apparemment limitées à de courts intervalles de temps ne dépassant pas plusieurs dizaines d'années. La zone origine de ces turbidites est la bordure continentale africaine Nord-Ouest au Nord du parallèle 20° N, et les pentes continentales de Madère et des Iles Canaries. Il est conclu que les conditions d'instabilité de la pente continentale dans la zone origine, ont entraîné un glissement de sédiments vers les bas des seuls sédiments des couches superficielles. Un cas d'écoulement de masse extrêmement important s'est produit à la finde la dernière glaciation, quand le processus d'écoulement de matériaux détritiques s'est étendu aussi loin que la plus basse limite entre la pente continentale et la plaine abyssale aux alentours du méridien 24° W. Une zone origine à plus de 1400 km au Sud du parallèle 20° N doit être considérée en cas d' une petite turbidite déposée au début de l'Holocène. Le transport de sédiment sur une telle distance est en grande partie parallèle à la pente continentale, et le plus vraisemblablement imputable à l'augmentation temporaire d'activité du courant de contour.
    Notes: Summary Lithological and micropaleontological data from piston cores as well as 3.5 kHz records show that turbidites are widespread on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Lateral continuity of the major fine-grained (clay-silt) turbidites is at least 300 km with individual turbidites being up to 5 to 6 m thick. Within the last 200 000 years, six events of large-sclae turbidity flow activity occurred, that coincided with periods of significant sea level rise or fall. During such a period conditions of large-scale turbidity flow activity are apparently confined to short timespans of not more than several tens of years. Source area of the turbidites is the northwest African continental margin north of 20° N, and the slopes of the Madeira and Canary Islands. It is concluded that instable slope conditions in the source area resulted in downslope sediment movement of only the surficial sediment layers. An extremely vigorous mass flow event occurred near the end of the last Glacial, when debris flow processes extended as far as onto the lower rise — abyssal plain boundary at about 24° W. A source area south of 20° N, which is more than 1400 km to the south, has to be considered for a small turbidite deposited at the beginning of the Holocene. Sediment transport over such a distance in a mainly slope-parrallel direction is thought to be most likely attributable to temporarily increased contour current activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02328974
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  • 8
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    Report on the Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation (MIDAS) workshop on environmental management of deep-sea mining (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Research Ideas and Outcomes, 2, pp. e10292, ISSN: 2367-7163
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Accelerated wound healing by injectable microporous gel scaffolds assembled from annealed building blocks (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-24
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 737 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4294 Authors: Donald R. Griffin, Westbrook M. Weaver, Philip O. Scumpia, Dino Di Carlo & Tatiana Segura
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    New insights into the morphology, fill, and remarkable longevity (〉0.2 m.y.) of modern deep-water erosional scours along the northeast Atlantic margin (2011)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-01
    Description: A series of large-scale erosional scours are described from four modern deep-water canyon and/or channel systems along the northeast Atlantic continental margin. Regional-scale geophysical data indicate that most scours occur in zones of rapid flow expansion, such as canyon and/or channel termini and margins. High-resolution images of the scours cover [~]25 km2 at 2 x 2 m pixel size, and were obtained at depths of 4200-4900 m using Autosub6000, an autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with an EM2000 multibeam bathymetry system. Sedimentological and microfossil-based chronological data of scour fills and interscour areas were obtained via accurately located piston cores that targeted specific sites within imaged areas. These core data reveal a number of key findings. (1) Deep-water scours can be very long lived (〉0.2 m.y.) and may undergo discrete phases of isolation, amalgamation, and infilling. (2) Deep-water scours can develop via a composite of cutting and filling events with periodicities of between tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of years. (3) Immediately adjacent scours may have strikingly different sedimentological histories and do not necessarily evolve contemporaneously. (4) Scour infills are typically out of phase with sedimentation in intrascour areas, having thin sands internally and thick sands externally, or thick muds internally and thin muds externally. (5) Erosional hiatuses within scour fills may represent hundreds of thousands of years of time, and yet leave little visible record. Four distinct morphologies of scour are identified that range from 40 to 3170 m wide and 8 to 48 m deep: spoon shaped, heel shaped, crescent shaped, and oval shaped. Isolated scours are shown to coalesce laterally into broad regions of amalgamated scour that may be several kilometers across. The combined morphosedimentological data set is used to examine some of the putative formative mechanisms for scour genesis.
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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