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  • 1
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    M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 3. Effects of prolonged weightlessness on a human otolith-spinal reflex (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Reflex responses that depend on human otolith organ sensitivity were measured before, during and after a 10 day space flight. Otolith-spinal reflexes were elicited by means of sudden, unexpected falls. In weightlessness, "falls" were achieved using elastic cords running from a torso harness to the floor. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from gastrocnemius-soleus. The EMG response occurring in the first 100-120 ms of a fall, considered to be predominantly otolith-spinal in origin, decreased in amplitude immediately upon entering weightlessness, and continued to decline throughout the flight, especially during the first two mission days. The response returned to normal before the first post-flight testing session. The results suggest that information coming from the otolith organs is gradually ignored by the nervous system during prolonged space flight, although the possibility that otolith-spinal reflexes are decreased independent of other otolith output pathways cannot be ruled out.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation cerebrale (ISSN 0014-4819); Volume 64; 2; 308-15
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  • 2
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    Effects of prolonged weightlessness on a human otolith-spinal reflex (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: MIT INSI02 Vestibular Experiments on Spacelab-1; 19 p
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  • 3
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    Sensory adaptation to weightlessness and readaptation to one-g: An overview (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: INSI02 Vestibular Experiments on Spacelab-1; 22 p
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    M.I.T./Canadian Vestibular Experiments on the Spacelab-1 Mission. Part 1: Sensory Adaptation to Weightlessness and Readaptation to One-G: An Overview (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Experiments on human spatial orientation were conducted on four crewmembers of Space Shuttle Spacelab Mission 1. The conceptual background of the project, the relationship among the experiments, and their relevance to a 'sensory reinterpretation hypothesis' are presented. Detailed experiment procedures and results are presented in the accompanying papers in this series. The overall findings are discussed as they pertain to the following aspects of hypothesized sensory reinterpretation in weightlessness: (1) utricular otolith afferent signals are reinterpreted as indicating head translation rather than tilt, (2) sensitivity of reflex responses to footward acceleration is reduced, and (3) increased weighting is given to visual and tactile cues in orientation perception and posture control. Results suggest increased weighting of visual cues and reduced weighting of graviceptor signals in weightlessness.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Spacelab Life Sciences 1: Reprints of Background Life Sciences Publications; p 346-353
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Life science experiments during parabolic flight: The McGill experience (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Over the past twelve years, members of the Aerospace Medical Research Unit of McGill University have carried out a wide variety of tests and experiments in the weightless condition created by parabolic flight. This paper discusses the pros and cons of that environment for the life scientist, and uses examples from the McGill program of the types of activities which can be carried out in a transport aircraft such as the NASA KC-135.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: National Research Council of Canada, Workshop on Microgravity Experimentation in Aircraft and Rockets; p 43-46
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Canadian medical experiments on Shuttle Flight 41-G (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the 41-G mission, two payload specialist astronauts took part in six Canadian medical experiments designed to measure how the human nervous system adapts to weightlessness, and how this might contribute to space motion sickness. Similar tests conducted pre-flight provided base-line data, and post-flight experiments examined re-adaptation to the ground. No changes were detected in the vestibulo-ocular reflex during this 8-day mission. Pronounced proprioceptive illusions were experienced, especially immediately post-flight. Tactile acuity was normal in the fingers and toes, but the ability to judge limb position was degraded. Estimates of the locations of familiar targets were grossly distorted in the absence of vision. There were no differences in taste thresholds or olfaction. Despite pre-flight tests showing unusual susceptibility to motion sickness, the Canadian payload specialist turned out to be less susceptible than normal on-orbit. Re-adaptation to the normal gravity environment occurred within the first day after landing.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal (ISSN 0008-2821); 31; 215-226
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  • 7
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    Spatial orientation in weightlessness and readaptation to earth's gravity (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Unusual vestibular responses to head movements in weightlessness may produce spatial orientation illusions and symptoms of space motion sickness. An integrated set of experiments was performed during Spacelab 1, as well as before and after the flight, to evaluate responses mediated by the otolith organs and semicircular canals. A variety of measurements were used, including eye movements, postural control, perception of orientation, and susceptibility to space sickness.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 225; 205-208
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  • 8
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    M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission. III - Effects of prolonged weightlessness on a human otolith-spinal reflex (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Reflex responses that depend on human otolith organ sensitivity were measured before, during and after a 10 day space flight. Otolith-spinal reflexes were elicited by means of sudden, unexpected falls. In weightlessness, 'falls' were achieved using elastic cords running from a torso harness to the floor. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from gastrocnemius-soleus. The EMG response occurring in the first 100-120 ms of a fall, considered to be predominantly otolith-spinal in origin, decreased in amplitude immediately upon entering weightlessness, and continued to decline throughout the flight, especially during the first two mission days. The response returned to normal before the first post-flight testing session. The results suggest that information coming from the otolith organs is gradually ignored by the nervous system during prolonged space flight, although the possibility that otolith-spinal reflexes are decreased independent of other otolith output pathways cannot by ruled out.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Experimental Brain Research (ISSN 0014-4819); 64; 308-315
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission. I - Sensory adaptation to weightlessness and readaptation to one-g: An overview (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Human sensory/motor adaptation to weightlessness and readaptation to earth's gravity are assessed. Preflight and postflight vestibular and visual responses for the crew on the Spacelab-1 mission are studied; the effect of the abnormal pattern of otolith afferent signals caused by weightlessness on the pitch and roll perception and postural adjustments of the subjects are examined. It is observed that body position and postural reactions change due to weightlessness in order to utilize the varied sensory inputs in a manner suited to microgravity conditions. The aspects of reinterpretation include: (1) tilt acceleration reinterpretation, (2) reduced postural response to z-axis linear acceleration, and (3) increased attention to visual cues.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Experimental Brain Research (ISSN 0014-4819); 64; 291-298
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