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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Levels of Genetic Divergence among Populations in a Weedy Fern, Pteris multifida Poir. (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 3 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intragametophytic selfing in the homosporous ferns has been viewed as an advantageous mechanism permitting colonization of distant, open habitats. However, there is little evidence for the generality of colonization through intragametophytic selfing. In this study, the genetic structure of Pteris multifida was determined using Wright's F-statistics in order to detect the occurrence of this type of colonization. A high level of genetic divergence among populations (FST= 0.543) was found in P. multifida. This genetic divergence seems to be caused by frequent occurrences of colonization through intragametophytic selfing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1988.tb00176.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends for Inbreeding in Polyploid Pteridophytes (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 5 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies on the sequence of the gametangium formation in homosporous fern gametophytes (Masuyama, 1975a, b) suggested that diploid and polyploid taxa may favor gametophytic crossing and gametophytic selfing, respectively. In this view, intraspecific polyploids of three fern species (Phegopteris decursive-pinnata, Lepisorus thunbergianus and Pteris dispar) have been investigated for the amount of genetic load or the rate of gametophytic selfing. As expected, a marked contrast of mating systems is found between diploids and tetraploids; the former predominantly undergo gametophytic crossing and the latter predominantly undergo gametophytic selfing. It seems likely that diploid homosporous pteridophytes favor gametophytic crossing with some exceptions favoring gametophytic selfing as a derived condition, whereas polyploid homosporous pteridophytes favor gametophytic selfing predominantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1990.tb00188.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive Mitochondrial Introgression from Pinus pumila to P. parviflora var. pentaphylla (Pinaceae) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 112 (1999), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Keywords: Chloroplast DNA, Introgressive hybridization, Mitochondrial DNA, PCR-based genetic marker, Pinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pinus species exhibit a paternal chloroplast inheritance and a maternal mitochondrial inheritance. The levels and patterns of cpDNA and mtDNA introgression between the two pine species, P. pumila and P. parviflora var. pentaphylla, were examined at three mountain sites in Japan. The pine species were examined by using PCR-based diagnostic genetic markers of cpDNA and mtDNA. The survey which was carried out in multiple hybrid zones demonstrated a generality in the uni-directional pattern of cytoplasmic gene flow between the two pine species, i.e. paternal cpDNA flowed from P. parviflora var. pentaphylla to P. pumila, and in contrast, maternal mtDNA flowed from P. pumila to P. parviflora var. pentaphylla. Whenever plants which had a non-native combination of cpDNA and mtDNA were observed, they always had the cpDNA haplotype of P. parviflora var. pentaphylla and the mtDNA haplotype of P. pumila. The existence of only this type of cytoplasmic chimera may suggest that F1 hybrids are successfully produced only in the crossing of P. pumila as the maternal parent and P. parviflora var. pentaphylla as the paternal parent. The present study also detected extensive mtDNA capture in populations of P. parviflora var. pentaphylla located in the southern and middle parts of the Ohu Mountains, Tohoku, Japan. In that area, nearly all of the plants examined had the mtDNA haplotype of P. pumila. The extensive mtDNA introgression suggests that seed flow could be an effective medium for interspecific gene exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013867
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic differentiation in populations of the polymorphic fernCeratopteris thalictroides in Japan (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 107 (1994), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Allozyme ; Ceratopteris thalictroides ; Gene silencing ; Genetic differentiation ; Homosporous pteridophytes ; Polyploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of isozyme variation was carried out for 27 natural populations ofCeratopteris thalictroides in Japan. Of fifteen enzyme loci examined, eight loci were genetically polymorphic. At six loci,Lap, Pgi-2, Pgm-3, Pgm-4, Idh-2, and Skd-2, a marked genetic differentiation was observed between populations to the south of Okinawa Island and those to the north of the island. Okinawa Island contained a mixture of both southern and northern variants. Thus, two genetically distinct types (the south type and the north type) ofC. thalictroides occur allopatrically in Japan. Nei's genetic identity (I) between the two was 0.64, which was within the range of the I values between congeneric pteridophyte species. Regional fixation of a null allele was detected for one duplicated PGI locus in the north type ofC. thalictroides. This finding supports the recent hypothesis of genetic diploidization of polyploids through gene silencing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further Analysis of Intraspecific Sequence Variation of Chloroplast DNA in Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. (Primulaceae): Implications for Biogeography of the Japanese Alpine Flora (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 112 (1999), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Keywords: Alpine flora, Chloroplast DNA, Intraspecific variation, Primula cuneifolia, Phytogeography, Phylogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. (Primulaceae), we analyzed intraspecific variation of the nucleotide sequences of non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA: the intergenic spacers between trnT (UGU) and the trnL (UAA) 5′exon, the trnL (UAA) 3′exon and trnF (GAA), and atpB and rbcL. In 20 populations of P. cuneifolia, 22 nucleotide substitutions and five insertions/deletions were inferred, and their genetic distances ranged from 0.001 to 0.008. Eight distinct haplotypes could be recognized and each haplotype was found to be geographically structured. Three major clades (the Northern, Hokkaido and Southern clades) were revealed in phylogenetic analyses of the haplotypes. The haplotypes of the Northern clade had a wider distribution area in the populations of Mt. Rausu and Rishiri Island of eastern and northern Hokkaido in Japan, northward to Unalaska Island in the Aleutians, and those of the Hokkaido clade were distributed in the populations of central Hokkaido and Mt. Iwaki of the northern Honshu in Japan; in addition, those of the Southern clade were observed only in the populations of the central Honshu. It was shown that the genetic diversifications of the Southern clade were higher than those of the Northern and Hokkaido clades. Furthermore, it was shown that the topology within the Southern clade was hierarchical, and the haplotypes of the Southern populations in the clade were derivative. From these results, we concluded that the cpDNA haplotypes of the three clades in P. cuneifolia arose and assumed the present distribution areas through several cycles of glacial advance and retreat in the Pleistocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013866
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid sterility between two isozymic types of the fernCeratopteris thalictroides in Japan (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 107 (1994), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Allozyme ; Ceratopteris thalictroides ; Cryptic species ; Fern ; Hybrid sterility ; Reproductive isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract JapaneseCeratopteris thalictroides are composed of two allopatric entities called the south type and the north type which are isozymically distinct. Both types are tetraploid at 2n=156. To examine the crossability of these isozymic types, artificial hybridization was conducted among ten representative populations. Allozymes of PGI were used as markers to identify the hybrids among populations. Hybrids within the north type produced normal-shaped spores whose germination rate reached 60.7 to 96.0%. In contrast, hybrids between the north type and the south type formed irregular-shaped spores which were aborted with a low germination rate of 0.0 to 7.0%. It is thus evident that hybrid sterility is present between these types. Morphological analyses revealed that the two types were part of a continuous cline of variability and hence morphologically inseparable. The two types can thus be regarded so far as cryptic species that are morphologically indistinguishable but reproductively isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344254
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic and cytological evidence for genetic heterogeneity and the hybrid origin ofAthyrium oblitescens (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 109 (1996), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Allozyme ; Athyrium oblitescens ; Chromosome number ; Hexaploidy ; Reticulate evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Athyrium oblitescens, a putative hybrid species, was examined electrophoretically and cytologically to clarify its origin. Allozyme data showed thatA. oblitescens consisted of at least three allozyme types, designated Type C, Type O and Type W. Genotypic compositions of Type C and Type W suggested that they were derived from independent hybridizations betweenA. otophorum andA. clivicola and betweenA. otophorum andA. wardii, respectively. Contrary to previous reports of tetraploidy inA. oblitescens and its hypothesized parent species, cytological observation revealed that Type C and Type W were both hexaploids. Possible pathways for the origin of these hexaploids are proposed. Type O was not genetically distinct fromA. otophorum by either electrophoretic or cytological analyses, and thus there was no evidence of hybrid origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344284
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of cpDNA and mtDNA haplotypes in a hybrid zone betweenPinus pumila andP. parviflora var.pentaphylla (Pinaceae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 109 (1996), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Choroplast DNA ; Introgressive hybridization ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Pinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pinus species exhibit paternal chloroplast inheritance and maternal mitochondrial inheritance. This independent inheritance of two cytoplasmic genomes provides an exceptional environment for discriminating female (seeds) and male (pollen) components of gene flow across hybridizing species. We obtained mitochondrial genetic markers diagnostic toP. parviflora var.pentaphylla andP. pumila by PCR amplification of the intron ofnad1 on mtDNA, and examined the spatial-distribution pattern of the mtDNA haplotypes in a hybrid zone betweenP. parviflora var.pentaphylla andP. pumila in the Tanigawa Mountains of Japan. These data, in conjunction with previous information on cpDNA haplotypes and needle morphology, revealed contrastive patterns of introgression of two cytoplasmic genomes. CpDNA introgression has occurred uni-directionally fromP. parviflora var.pentaphylla toP. pumila. Conversely, mtDNA introgression has occurred in the opposite direction, fromP. pumila toP. parviflora var.pentaphylla. Levels of introgression are roughly equivalent for cpDNA and mtDNA. The contrastive spatial distribution pattern of cpDNA and mtDNA haplotypes could be caused by differential movement of seeds and pollen for interspecific genetic exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344555
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast DNA typing by PCR-SSCP in thePinus pumila-P. parviflora var.pentaphylla complex (Pinaceae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 108 (1995), S. 493-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Cytoplasmic introgression ; Hybridization ; Pinus ; SSCP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pinus hakkodensis has been considered as a hybrid betweenP. pumila andP. parviflora var.pentaphylla. Chloroplast DNA typing of this putative hybrid and hypothesized parental species in the Tanigawa Mountains, Japan, was conducted by PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of the intergenic spacer betweentrnL(UAA)3′ exon andtrnF(GAA) of cpDNA. Each of the hypothesized parental species collected from other mountain regions displayed a diagnostic SSCP pattern, whereas all morphological intermediates sampled in the Tanigawa Mountains had the SSCP pattern ofP. parviflora var.pentaphylla. Furthermore, some individuals classified on the basis of needle morphology as belonging toP. pumila in this mountain region showed the SSCP pattern ofP. parviflora var.pentaphylla. This may suggest that pollen-mediated uni-directional introgression fromP. parviflora var.pentaphylla toP. pumila occurs in the Tanigawa Mountains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344239
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of sexual and clonal reproduction in maintaining population in Fritillaria camtschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. (Liliaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Ecological research 13 (1998), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: clonal reproduction ; Fritillaria camtschatcensis ; life history ; sex lability ; sexual reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fritillaria camtschatcensis can reproduce by means of both sexual reproduction and clonal multiplication. Despite prolific seed production, no seedlings have been found for several years in natural populations on Mt Hakusan. The purposes of this paper are to clarify: (i) whether population size is maintained mainly by clonal multiplication; and (ii) if this is the case, to what extent occasional seedling establishment affects population growth rate and population structure. Two permanent quadrats were placed in subalpine meadows in 1992 on Mt Hakusan. Plant size, location and reproductive states for all ramets in the quadrats were recorded every year. Projection matrices were created based on field census, and computer simulation experiments were performed. Fritillaria camtschatcensis had two types of flower, male flower and cosexual flower, and they were changeable. This is the first report on sex lability in Fritillaria. Clonal growth was more closely correlated with life-history stages, especially with sexual states than with plant size. The population growth rate, λ, was 1.006 for the Mizuyajiri population and 1.047 for the Nanryu population, respectively. Seedlings were found in 1996 for the first time. These facts indicate that populations of F. camtschatcensis on Mt Hakusan can usually be maintained by clonal multiplication. However, it is not yet certain whether seeds germinate every year or whether a flush of seedling emergence occurs once in every few years in natural populations. Computer simulation revealed that: (i) there was a critical germination rate above which population growth rate suddenly increased; and (ii) occasional seedling establishment could provide almost the same contribution to population growth rate as that of annual seedling establishment. These results suggest that population size can be maintained mainly by clonal multiplication, and the role of sexual reproduction lies beyond maintaining the population size in F. camtschatcensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00245.x
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