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  • 1
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    Identification of the female-produced sex pheromone of the leafminer Holocacista capensis infesting grapevine in South Africa (2015)
    In:  Various articles (0098-0331) vol.41 (2015) p.724
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Description: We report the first identification of a sex pheromone in a heliozelid moth, Holocacista capensis van Nieukerken & Geertsema. This leafminer recently infested grapevine in South Africa. Compared to solvent extraction of pheromone glands, solid phase microextraction (SPME) proved to be highly effective for collection of the pheromone from calling females. The volatiles collected by SPME were analyzed by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD). Three compounds eliciting electrophysiological activity from the male antenna were identified as (Z)-5-tetradecenal, (Z)-7-tetradecenal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenal by coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). GC/MS analysis of dimethyldisulphide (DMDS) derivatives of fatty acyl moieties in pheromone gland extracts confirmed the presence of the corresponding putative pheromone precursors with double bonds in the same position and with Z geometry. Field trapping experiments in a South African vineyard confirmed that both (Z)-5-tetradecenal and (Z)-7-tetradecenal are essential for the attraction of male H. capensis, whereas addition of (Z)-9-hexadecenal to the blend did not affect the attractiveness. The composition of the pheromone is discussed in relation to the phylogeny of this family of moths.
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; leafminer ; Heliozelidae ; Holocacista capensis ; primitive moth ; vineyard pest ; Vitis vinifera ; (Z)-5-tetradecenal ; (Z)-7-tetradecenal ; Lepidoptera
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Identification of the female-produced sex pheromone of the leafminer Holocacista capensis infesting grapevine in South Africa (2015)
    In:  Journal of Chemical Ecology vol. 41, pp. 724-731
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: We report the first identification of a sex pheromone in a heliozelid moth, Holocacista capensis van Nieukerken & Geertsema. This leafminer recently infested grapevine in South Africa. Compared to solvent extraction of pheromone glands, solid phase microextraction (SPME) proved to be highly effective for collection of the pheromone from calling females. The volatiles collected by SPME were analyzed by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD). Three compounds eliciting electrophysiological activity from the male antenna were identified as (Z)-5-tetradecenal, (Z)-7-tetradecenal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenal by coupled gas chromatography\xe2\x80\x93mass spectrometry (GC/MS). GC/MS analysis of dimethyldisulphide (DMDS) derivatives of fatty acyl moieties in pheromone gland extracts confirmed the presence of the corresponding putative pheromone precursors with double bonds in the same position and with Z geometry. Field trapping experiments in a South African vineyard confirmed that both (Z)-5-tetradecenal and (Z)-7-tetradecenal are essential for the attraction of male H. capensis, whereas addition of (Z)-9-hexadecenal to the blend did not affect the attractiveness. The composition of the pheromone is discussed in relation to the phylogeny of this family of moths.
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; leafminer ; Heliozelidae ; Holocacista capensis ; primitive moth ; vineyard pest ; Vitis vinifera ; (Z)-5-tetradecenal ; (Z)-7-tetradecenal ; Lepidoptera
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blue electroluminescent devices based on soluble poly(p-pyridine) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4264-4266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated unilayer electroluminescent devices from soluble poly(p-pyridine) (PPy). The solubility of PPy in weak acids allows direct spin casting of the polymer films. The electroluminescence spectrum peaks at 2.5 eV (497 nm) corresponding to white light weighted towards the blue end of the spectrum. The photoluminescence spectrum peaks at 2.35 eV (530 nm). The operating voltages of the devices ranged from 4 to 12 V with current densities of 6 to 8 mA/mm2. We compare our devices with similar blue emitting devices based on poly(p-phenylene). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359890
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating-current light-emitting devices based on conjugated polymers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 894-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Most polymer electroluminescent devices to date are represented as tunnel diodes and operate under direct-current (dc) driving field. Here we report the fabrication of symmetrically configured alternating-current (ac) light-emitting (SCALE) devices based on conjugated polymers. The new devices consist of an emissive polymer layer sandwiched between two redox polymer layers. This configuration enables the SCALE devices to work under both forward and reverse dc bias as well as in ac modes. The nearly ohmic electrode/redox polymer contacts improve the charge injection efficiency significantly and make the SCALE device operation insensitive to electrode work functions. Symmetric operation supports the key role of redox polymer/emissive polymer interface states. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116222
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein quality of wild rice (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 26 (1978), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf60216a046
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellular pathway of photosynthate transfer in the developing wheat grain. III. A structural analysis and physiological studies of the pathway from the endosperm cavity to the starchy endosperm (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cellular pathway of sucrose transfer from the endosperm cavity to the starchy endosperm of developing grains of wheat (Triticum turgidum) has been elucidated. The modified aleurone and sub-aleurone cells exhibit a dense cytoplasm enriched in mitochondria and endoplasmic relicilium. Significantly, the sub-aleurone cells are characterized by secondary wall ingrowths. Numerous plasmodesmata interconnect all cells between the modified aleurone and starchy endosperm. The pro-tonophore carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) slowed [14C]sucrose uptake by grain tissue slices enriched in modified aleurone and sub-aleurone cells but had no effect on uptake by the starchy endosperm. The fluorescent weak acid sulphorhodamine G (SRG) was preferentially accumulated by the modified aleurone and sub-aleurone cells, and this uptake was sensitive to CCCP. The combined plasma membrane surface areas of the modified aleurone and sub-aleurone cells appeared to be sufficient to support the in vivo rates of sucrose transfer to the starchy endosperm. Plasmolysis of intact excised grain inhibited [14C]sucrose transfer from the endosperm cavity to the starchy endosperm. The sulphydryl group modifier p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonie acid (PCMBS) decreased [14C]sucrose uptake by the modified aleurone and sub-aleurone cells but had little effect on uptake by the starchy endosperm. In contrast, when PCMBS and [14C]sucrose were supplied to the endosperm cavity of intact excised grain, PCMBS slowed accumulation by all tissues equally. Estimates of potential sucrose fluxes through the interconnecting plasmodesmata were found to be within the published range. It is concluded that the bulk of sucrose is accumulated from the endosperm cavity by the modified aleurone and sub-aleurone cells and subsequently transferred through the symplast to the starchy endosperm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00374.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellular pathway of photosynthate transfer in the developing wheat grain. II. A structural analysis and histochemical studies of the pathway from the crease phloem to the endosperm cavity (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the developing wheat grain, photosynthate is transferred longitudinally along the crease phloem and then laterally into the endosperm cavity through the crease vascular parenchyma, pigment strand and nucellar projection. In order to clarify this cellular pathway of photosynthate unloading, and hence the controlling mechanism of grain filling, the potential for symplastic and apoplastic transfer was examined through structural and histochemical studies on these tissue types. It was found that cells in the crease region from the phloem to the nucellar projection are interconnected by numerous plasmodesmata and have dense cytoplasm with abundant mitochondria. Histochemical studies confirmed that, at the stage of grain development studied, an apoplastic barrier exists in the cell walls of the pigment strand. This barrier is composed of lignin, phenolics and suberin. The potential capacity for symplastic transfer, determined by measuring plasmodesmatal frequencies and computing potential sucrose fluxes through these plasmodesmata, indicated that there is sufficient plasmodesmatal cross-sectional area to support symplastic unloading of photosynthate at the rate required for normal grain growth. The potential capacity for membrane transport of sucrose to the apoplast was assessed by measuring plasma membrane surface areas of the various cell types and computing potential plasma membrane fluxes of sucrose. These fluxes indicated that the combined plasma membrane surface areas of the sieve element–companion cell (se–cc) complexes, vascular parenchyma and pigment strand are not sufficient to allow sucrose transfer to the apoplast at the observed rates. In contrast, the wall ingrowths of the transfer cells in the nucellar projection amplify the membrane surface area up to 22-fold, supporting the observed rates of sucrose transfer into the endosperm cavity. We conclude that photosynthate moves via the symplast from the se–cc complexes to the nucellar projection transfer cells, from where it is transferred across the plasma membrane into the endosperm cavity. The apoplastic barrier in the pigment strand is considered to restrict solute movement to the symplast and block apoplastic solute exchange between maternal and embryonic tissues. The implications of this cellular pathway in relation to the control of photosynthate transfer in the developing grain are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00373.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellular pathway of photosynthate transfer in the developing wheat grain. I. Delineation of a potential transfer pathway using fluorescent dyes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A potential cellular pathway for photosynthate transfer between the crease phloem and the starchy endosperm of the developing wheat grain has been delineated using fluorescent dyes. Membrane permeable and impermeable dyes have been introduced into the grain through the crease phloem, the endosperm cavity or the dorsal surface of the starchy endosperm. The movement of the symplastic tracer 5-(6)-6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) derived from 5-(6)-6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), from either direction between the crease phloem and the endosperm cavity, indicated that the symplastic pathway was operative from the crease phloem to the nucellar projection. Furthermore, the inward movement of apoplastic tracer trisodium, 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrentrisulphonate (PTS) from the endosperm cavity and that of CF following plasmolysis showed that there was a high resistance to solute transfer within the apoplast of the pigment strand. All dyes entered the modified aleurone and adjacent sub-aleurone bordering the endosperm cavity. Subsequent movement of the symplastic tracers CF and sulphorhodamine G (SRG) into and through the endosperm was rapid. However, the movement of apoplastic tracers PTS and Calcofluor White (CFW) was relatively slow and with tissue plasmolysis, CF was confined to the cytoplasm of the modified aleurone and subaleurone cells. Together, these results demonstrate that there is a high resistance to solute movement within the apoplast of the cells bordering the endosperm cavity. We propose that photosynthate transfer is via the symplast to the nucellar projection where membrane exchange to the endosperm cavity occurs. Uptake from the cavity is by the modified aleurone and small endosperm cells prior to transfer through the symplast to and through the starchy endosperm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00291.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation of Corn Gluten Meal with Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: PER values determined for corn gluten meal (CGM) and CGM fermented with Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 1988 were not significantly different (P 〉 0.05) and both diets failed to meet maintenance requirements of rats. In order to characterize some of the changes that occur during fungal fermentation, CGM was also fermented for 4 days at 28°C with A. oryzae NRRL 1988 and NRRL 506 and Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710 and NRRL 2549, respectively. Proteolytic activity, pH, and nitrogen content increased rapidly between 20 and 70 hr for all the fungi. Decreases in some amino acids were observed, possibly due to their catabolism by the molds. Lysine as a proportion of total essential amino acids released by pepsin and pancreatin in vitro was increased as a result of these fungal fermentations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb10429.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHYTASE OF MOLDS USED IN ORIENTAL FOOD FERMENTATION (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Molds commonly used in Oriental food fermentation have been examined for their ability to produce phytase. Except for Mucor dispersus NRRL 3103 and Actinomucor elegans NRRL 3104, all the other molds tested produced both extra- and intracellular phytase. The enzyme produced by Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 1988 was purified by acetone fractionation, gel filtration, and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. The phytase was successfully separated from an acid phosphatase, and a 44-fold increase in specific activity was observed. The pH optimum of 5.3 characterizes the enzyme as an acid phosphohydrolase, and its maximum activity at 50°C suggests a relatively high thermostability. The enzyme is also fairly stable over a pH range 3.5-7.8 at 25°C. The A. oryzae phytase is active with either phytic acid or glycerophosphate. as substrate, but it hydrolyzes phytic acid twice as fast as it does glycerophosphate. However, the enzyme is partially inhibited by high concentration of phytic acid. The Km value of A. oryzae phytase was estimated as 0.47 mM and Vmax was 11.9 μmoles Pi per mg per mg protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb06534.x
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